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Aiming at the problem of insufficient sorting of low-grade rock ore in the western Inner Mongolia region, the processing technique and equipment were improved to solve the problems including the concentrate of low-grade rock ore with the grade failing to meet the requirement and the grain refinement. By applying automation and intelligent technologies in new equipment, the processing index can be largely improved, which complies with the requirement for the development of green and intelligent mine. Simultaneously, by implementing remote connection, the connection of remote-control center and remote units can be actualized, facilitating the communication between customers and equipment manufacturers, tracking of equipment operation status, as well as the maintenance of operation indicators and observation of component operation status.

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针对内蒙古西部地区低品位岩矿铁资源未能及时回收的问题，进行了分选工艺探索和设备改进，解决了低品位岩矿精矿品位难以达标和粒度细化问题；将自动化、智能化技术应用于新设备中，极大优化了选矿工艺指标，顺应绿色智能矿山发展需求；采用远程互联技术，实现远程控制中心与远程单元的互动交流，拉近客户和设备厂商的沟通距离，方便跟踪设备运行状态，利于维护运行指标和观察部件运转状态。

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朱东方（1984—），男，辽宁抚顺人，主要研究方向为电气自动化设计、磁选设备制造及选矿工艺分析。E-mail：

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朱东方（1984—），男，辽宁抚顺人，主要研究方向为电气自动化设计、磁选设备制造及选矿工艺分析。E-mail：

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朱东方（1984—），男，辽宁抚顺人，主要研究方向为电气自动化设计、磁选设备制造及选矿工艺分析。E-mail：

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序号精矿产率/%TFe品位/%回收率/%
原矿精矿尾矿
195.6362.4164.1624.1598.31
294.9762.1464.0925.3397.95
396.2362.3563.8224.8598.50
), ArticleFig(id=1240651346517480160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631738251146191, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中心给矿磁悬浮精选机磁选实验结果

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序号精矿产率/%TFe品位/%回收率/%
原矿精矿尾矿
195.6362.4164.1624.1598.31
294.9762.1464.0925.3397.95
396.2362.3563.8224.8598.50
), ArticleFig(id=1240651346643309292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631738251146191, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
内溢流管直径/mm筒长/mm产品名称产率/%TFe品位/%回收率/%
240500精矿93.2465.0197.27
尾矿6.7625.212.73
给矿100.0062.32100.00
200500精矿93.9964.8397.58
尾矿6.0118.282.42
给矿100.0062.45100.00
160500精矿93.9164.6197.44
尾矿6.0926.172.56
给矿100.0062.27100.00
200450精矿94.0165.3598.52
尾矿5.9915.451.48
给矿100.0062.36100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240651346861413114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631738251146191, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

四周给矿磁悬浮精选机磁选实验结果

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内溢流管直径/mm筒长/mm产品名称产率/%TFe品位/%回收率/%
240500精矿93.2465.0197.27
尾矿6.7625.212.73
给矿100.0062.32100.00
200500精矿93.9964.8397.58
尾矿6.0118.282.42
给矿100.0062.45100.00
160500精矿93.9164.6197.44
尾矿6.0926.172.56
给矿100.0062.27100.00
200450精矿94.0165.3598.52
尾矿5.9915.451.48
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低品位岩矿分选工艺改进研究
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朱东方 , 郑德亮 , 徐家林
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024,44(3): 65-67
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024, 44(3): 65-67
低品位岩矿分选工艺改进研究
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朱东方 , 郑德亮, 徐家林
作者信息
  • 沈阳隆基电磁科技股份有限公司，辽宁　抚顺　113122

    • 朱东方（1984—），男，辽宁抚顺人，主要研究方向为电气自动化设计、磁选设备制造及选矿工艺分析。E-mail：

Optimization of Low-Grade Rock Separation Process
Dongfang ZHU , Deliang ZHENG, Jialin XU
Affiliations
  • LONGi Magnet Co Ltd, Fushun 113122, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.014
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摘要
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针对内蒙古西部地区低品位岩矿铁资源未能及时回收的问题，进行了分选工艺探索和设备改进，解决了低品位岩矿精矿品位难以达标和粒度细化问题；将自动化、智能化技术应用于新设备中，极大优化了选矿工艺指标，顺应绿色智能矿山发展需求；采用远程互联技术，实现远程控制中心与远程单元的互动交流，拉近客户和设备厂商的沟通距离，方便跟踪设备运行状态，利于维护运行指标和观察部件运转状态。

铁精矿  /  低品位岩矿  /  磁悬浮精选机  /  控制系统  /  励磁控制  /  远程互联技术  /  四周给矿  /  中心溢流

Aiming at the problem of insufficient sorting of low-grade rock ore in the western Inner Mongolia region, the processing technique and equipment were improved to solve the problems including the concentrate of low-grade rock ore with the grade failing to meet the requirement and the grain refinement. By applying automation and intelligent technologies in new equipment, the processing index can be largely improved, which complies with the requirement for the development of green and intelligent mine. Simultaneously, by implementing remote connection, the connection of remote-control center and remote units can be actualized, facilitating the communication between customers and equipment manufacturers, tracking of equipment operation status, as well as the maintenance of operation indicators and observation of component operation status.

iron concentrate  /  low-grade rock  /  magnetically levitated cleaner  /  control system  /  excitation  /  remote connection technology  /  feeding at four sides  /  center overflow
朱东方, 郑德亮, 徐家林. 低品位岩矿分选工艺改进研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 65 -67 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.014
Dongfang ZHU, Deliang ZHENG, Jialin XU. Optimization of Low-Grade Rock Separation Process[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (3) : 65 -67 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.014
正文
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在过去生产过程中，由于受技术经济条件制约，内蒙古西部地区将一些低品位的含铁岩矿（TFe品位低于20%）作为废石堆放。该部分低品位含铁岩矿储量巨大，且其主要铁矿物为磁铁矿，因其铁品位较低、经济性不合理，铁资源一直未被回收利用。在国家经济快速发展、对自有铁矿石资源需求越来越大而资源保有量严重下降的情况下，开发含铁岩矿资源势在必行。
自2017年以来，对该含铁岩矿进行了大量研究，采用三段磨矿、三段旋流器分级、五段磁选+尾矿回收工艺，可获得TFe品位63%～64%的铁精矿。随着钢铁行业不断发展，许多炼钢企业要求入炉铁精矿TFe品位64.5%以上。基于此，本文通过改进磁悬浮精选机给料、溢流、水路模式，设计优化磁路，开发自动运行控制系统等，研制了全新一代全自动磁悬浮精选机，工业试验可得到铁精矿TFe品位64.64%、回收率59.56%的技术指标。
1　低品位岩矿回收利用现状
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1.1　低品位岩矿性质
白云鄂博地区低品位岩矿储量较大，且目前以此类矿石进行加工生产的企业较多。铁矿物嵌布粒度较细，在-0.074 mm粒级占100%情况下才能获得TFe品位63%左右的铁精矿，且常规磁选工艺无法继续提高TFe品位。
1.2　改进前的选矿工艺、设备及指标
选矿厂使用的矿石为主矿区剥离出的低品位原料，矿物结晶粒度细，难选；选矿厂采用三段磨矿、三段旋流器分级、五段磁选+尾矿回收的工艺流程。磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占97%～99%时，精矿TFe品位63%～64%，原矿处理量120～140 t/h；分选设备以筒式磁选机为主，没有磁重分选设备。选矿厂原工艺流程如图1所示。
1.3　存在的问题
该矿石磨矿细度太细，选矿成本很高，磨机处理能力很低，采用传统结构磁重选设备效果不好，所以需要针对该低品位岩矿研发磁重分选设备来提高分选效果，实现在粒度较粗情况下分离出矿物中的脉石和弱磁性连生体。
2　低品位岩矿分选设备研发
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2.1　磁悬浮精选机磁选试验
采用中心给矿、四周溢流的磁悬浮精选机（1号机）进行磁选实验，实验所用原料为选矿厂原工艺流程所得精矿，矿样TFe品位62.40%、粒度-0.074 mm粒级占96%。分选条件为：低磁场强度，矿浆浓度20%，水流量12 L/min，实验结果见表1。实验结果表明，精矿TFe品位最高为64.16%，达不到目标值64.5%，且尾矿品位较高、产率略低。需改进设备结构来提高精矿品位、实现低品位岩矿精矿产品的质量提升。
2.2　给料结构改进探索
提高精矿TFe品位、同时保证尾矿TFe品位低于20%是本次结构改进的目标。分析磁悬浮精选机结构发现，磁悬浮精选机为中心给矿，给矿管进到分选筒内，出料口在分选筒上部1/3处。一部分磁性矿物未经分选很容易进入精矿中，影响精矿品位；另外溢流从设备四周溢出分选区域，分选筒体的筒壁磁场较强，一部分磁性矿物被吸引到其周围，水流速较大的情况下，磁性矿物很容易从四周随着脉石和连生体溢出，形成尾矿，导致尾矿品位升高。综上所述，改进给矿和溢流结构是提高精矿品位和控制尾矿品位的关键。
改变溢流路径，就要调整四周溢出结构，这样可避免四周的磁性矿物形成尾矿，同时增加分选区域内的溢流流速，增强除杂能力。给矿点和出矿点需调整成分选筒内部引出到外部，且从设备上部的四周给入，提前在无磁区域形成分散状态进入分选区域。
在1号机原有结构基础上，对给矿结构进行探索性改进，将原中心给矿改成四周给矿，如图2所示，其中深色箭头为矿物流动方向，矿物从设备分选区域上部进入分选区域。
采用四周给矿结构磁悬浮精选机进行磁选实验，分选条件为：低磁场强度，矿浆浓度20%，水流量12 L/min，不同内溢流筒直径和筒长条件下的磁选实验结果见表2。
分析实验结果发现，内溢流筒直径240 mm、筒长500 mm时，尾矿TFe品位过高，产率和回收率也不理想。分析原因，可能是内溢流筒直径过大，四周给矿截面积过小，导致矿浆下降流速过快，一部分连生体下降到沉降区形成精矿，一部分磁性矿物快速从中心溢流处上升到尾矿中。筒长不变，内溢流筒直径缩小到200 mm后，分选指标有一定改观，精矿品位略有降低，尾矿品位大幅降低、产率和回收率略有降低，证明减小内溢流筒面积可提升分选指标。筒长不变，内溢流筒直径160 mm时，因为溢流筒内流速过快，流速产生的上升作用力大于磁链的自重与磁力之和，这样一部分细粒级高品位磁性矿物没有进入沉降区形成精矿，而是进入溢流形成尾矿，导致精矿品位降低。内溢流筒直径200 mm、内溢流筒筒长450 mm时，能将一部分矿物中夹杂的脉石提早从内溢流筒排除，减轻了下一步分选作业的难度，增强了去除连生体的能力，且内溢流筒溢流流速稳定后，尾矿得到控制，尾矿指标变好。
依据以上实验结果，确定设备结构调整为四周给矿和中心溢流。
3　改进后的工艺和设备应用效果
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3.1　工艺流程
新的工艺流程设计为：一段磨矿、磨头筛筛分、粗颗粒预选，二段磨矿-磁选，三段磨矿-磁选、旋流器-磁悬浮联合分级，浓缩，磁选、磁悬浮精选。新工艺以2台LJC-10000磁悬浮精选机串联使用，取消原第5段磁选机，增加三段磨前浓缩磁选机，用于浓缩二段磁悬浮精选机溢流。采用该工艺流程处理低品位含铁岩矿，可完全替代传统弱磁选-强磁选-浮选流程，实现低品位含铁岩矿经济、高效利用。
3.2　工业运行情况
在工业试验稳定运行期间，大块干选精矿精破碎-干选后，入磨平均TFe品位为19.61%，磁性铁平均含量为11.80%，经过分选，得到最终精矿平均TFe品位64.64%、TFe回收率59.56%、磁性铁回收率93.89%、最终尾矿平均TFe品位9.68%，铁精矿达到TFe品位合格标准。工业试验最终精矿选比5.4，干选作业选比1.32，大块干选作业选比6.76，按当前设备情况可年处理150万吨，年预计产精矿约22万吨。
实际应用过程中，生产稳定，生产工艺完全可以满足低品位含铁岩矿生产要求，经济效益显著。同时，新工艺流程替代传统浮选流程，可节约成本、实现绿色低碳选矿。
3.3　工业运行中采用的新工艺
采用窄级别粗颗粒粗磨工艺，使非磁性矿物达到“应抛尽抛早抛”，分选效率高，减少了后续磨矿量，增加了产能和经济效益。
利用磨头筛，选用4 mm大颗粒预选工艺流程，大颗粒预磁选工艺技术改变了传统的1～2 mm矿物进入湿式磁选机选的工艺，使得已解离的非磁性矿物及早进入尾矿，减少后续磨机处理量66%，尽可能地增加了设备的生产能力。
针对低品位岩矿矿物贫、杂、细的特点，矿物嵌布粒度在-0.074 mm粒级占95%以上，磨矿细度较细，原二段分级旋流器细粒级分级效率较低。磁悬浮精选机为磁重联合设备，故设计磁悬浮精选机与旋流器联合分级流程，经过分级效率考察，三段分级旋流器分级效率均较原设计流程提升约20%。
3.4　工业运行中采用的先进设备
采用新型磁悬浮精选设备，铁精矿提质降杂效果显著，可得到TFe品位大于64.5%的合格铁精矿，与传统磁选流程[1-2]相比，铁精矿TFe品位提升了3.5个百分点，回收率下降了2个百分点，分选效果显著。铁精矿中钾、钠、硅等杂质含量明显下降，铁精矿提质降杂效果突出。
4　控制系统研发
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4.1　励磁控制单元
采用可控硅半导体技术，改变常规磁选设备的励磁技术；采用恒流控制技术，恒定励磁电流，实时自我修正励磁电流值稳定，波动幅度±0.3 A。精准控制励磁电流后，所产生的励磁磁场强度稳定在一定范围内。由于设备为弱磁性分选设备，分选中的磁场强度大多数为0.1～0.2 T，一旦磁场强度波动超过0.01 T，被分选矿物中的弱磁性连生体和一部分磁性矿物会被短暂释放，导致设备运行稳定性变差，发生跑尾情况。所以精准控制励磁电流对稳定分选指标具有重要意义。
4.2　自动运行程序
设备运行过程中对矿石性质和矿量波动要有较好的自我修正能力，特别是低品位岩矿，因其为废弃的岩石矿物，入磨品位无法精准控制，在磨选作业后段品位和矿量常有波动情况发生。这对磁悬浮精选机控制系统提出了很高的自我调整要求。针对矿量波动，系统会通过改变设备排矿阀门和给水量，在1 min内迅速做出自我修复，调整给料量变化带来的系统波动。矿石性质变化时，经控制系统本身的传感器探测，经过一段时间累计叠加计算，判定矿石性质已经发生变化后，可通过改变分选水量和调整动态磁场来进行修复。
4.3　远程互联技术
设备的控制系统具有远程物联网技术的通讯模块单元，可以实时地将运行数据传递到公司本部的远程集控中心。远程集控中心通过收集和分析数据，定期与远程站点进行运维提醒和数据分析交流。现场实时地与远程控制中心进行互动交流，拉近了设备使用客户和设备厂家之间的沟通距离，设备可以更好地服务于客户，保持良好的运行状态。
5　结论
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从低品位含铁岩矿矿物分析和前期生产工艺研究两个方面着手解决生产中磨矿细度较细且无法达到精矿品位的现状，调整了工艺流程，新增全自动磁悬浮精选机进行分级和提升品位，起到了降低磨矿细度和提高品位的双重作用。根据矿石特性针对性地研发了用于分选的全自动磁悬浮精选机，调整设备分选结构，并在实际应用过程中升级和提高设备控制系统，提高设备分选性能和稳定性，适应矿石变化和矿量波动带来的影响，取得了良好的分选效果。
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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[1]
谢广元. 选矿学[M]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社, 2001.
[2]
廖长初. S7-1200 PLC编程与应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2021.
2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.014
  • 接收时间：2023-12-18
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-18
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    沈阳隆基电磁科技股份有限公司，辽宁　抚顺　113122
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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