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High gradient magnetic separation technique was adopted to separate the (tantalum-niobium)-tin bulk concentrate obtained from gravity separation. The effects of magnetic intensity, pulsating frequency, magnetic rod matrix diameter and rotating speed of ring on (Ta-Ni)/Sn separation efficiency were studied. The test results show that, from the bulk concentrate with grades of Ta, Ni and Sn respectively as 11.65%, 9.33% and 19.59%, the final tantalum-niobium concentrate containing 22.31% Ta, 17.38% Ni and 3.22% Sn can be collected with the recoveries of Ta, Ni and Sn respectively as 95.48%, 92.88% and 8.20%, respectively. Meanwhile, a tin concentrate with Sn grade of 35.87% and Sn recovery of 91.80% can be obtained. The tantalum-niobium and tin minerals can be effectively separated.

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采用高梯度磁选机分选某重选钽铌锡混合粗精矿,研究了磁场强度、脉动冲次、磁介质及转环转速对该精矿中钽铌和锡分离效果的影响。结果表明,在给矿钽品位11.65%、铌品位9.33%、锡品位19.59%条件下,最终可获得含钽22.31%、含铌17.38%、含锡3.22%、钽回收率95.48%、铌回收率92.88%、锡回收率8.20%的钽铌精矿,同时可获得锡品位35.87%、锡回收率91.80%的锡精矿,钽铌和锡得到有效分离。

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李宇宏(1991—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,工程师,主要从事选矿工艺与设备研究工作。E-mail:

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李宇宏(1991—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,工程师,主要从事选矿工艺与设备研究工作。E-mail:

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李宇宏(1991—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,工程师,主要从事选矿工艺与设备研究工作。E-mail:

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产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
TaNbSnTaNbSn
钽铌精矿49.8622.3117.383.2295.4892.888.20
锡精矿50.141.051.3235.874.527.1291.80
给矿100.0011.659.3319.59100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240651355350684291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631738049810445, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

磁选分离指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
TaNbSnTaNbSn
钽铌精矿49.8622.3117.383.2295.4892.888.20
锡精矿50.141.051.3235.874.527.1291.80
给矿100.0011.659.3319.59100.00100.00100.00
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某钽铌锡混合精矿磁选分离试验研究
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李宇宏 1 , 李俊英 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024,44(3): 82-85
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024, 44(3): 82-85
某钽铌锡混合精矿磁选分离试验研究
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李宇宏1 , 李俊英2
作者信息
  • 1.赣州金环磁选科技装备股份有限公司,江西 赣州 341000
  • 2.江西环境工程职业学院,江西 赣州 341000
  • 李宇宏(1991—),男,江西赣州人,硕士,工程师,主要从事选矿工艺与设备研究工作。E-mail:

Magnetic Separation of (Tantalum-Niobium)-Tin Bulk Concentrate
Yuhong LI1 , Junying LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.SLon Magnetic Separator Co Ltd, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
  • 2.Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.018
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采用高梯度磁选机分选某重选钽铌锡混合粗精矿,研究了磁场强度、脉动冲次、磁介质及转环转速对该精矿中钽铌和锡分离效果的影响。结果表明,在给矿钽品位11.65%、铌品位9.33%、锡品位19.59%条件下,最终可获得含钽22.31%、含铌17.38%、含锡3.22%、钽回收率95.48%、铌回收率92.88%、锡回收率8.20%的钽铌精矿,同时可获得锡品位35.87%、锡回收率91.80%的锡精矿,钽铌和锡得到有效分离。

钽  /  铌  /  锡  /  SLon立环脉动高梯度磁选机  /  分离  /  磁选

High gradient magnetic separation technique was adopted to separate the (tantalum-niobium)-tin bulk concentrate obtained from gravity separation. The effects of magnetic intensity, pulsating frequency, magnetic rod matrix diameter and rotating speed of ring on (Ta-Ni)/Sn separation efficiency were studied. The test results show that, from the bulk concentrate with grades of Ta, Ni and Sn respectively as 11.65%, 9.33% and 19.59%, the final tantalum-niobium concentrate containing 22.31% Ta, 17.38% Ni and 3.22% Sn can be collected with the recoveries of Ta, Ni and Sn respectively as 95.48%, 92.88% and 8.20%, respectively. Meanwhile, a tin concentrate with Sn grade of 35.87% and Sn recovery of 91.80% can be obtained. The tantalum-niobium and tin minerals can be effectively separated.

tantalum  /  niobium  /  tin  /  SLon vertical ring pulsating high-gradient magnetic separator  /  separation  /  magnetic separation
李宇宏, 李俊英. 某钽铌锡混合精矿磁选分离试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 82 -85 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.018
Yuhong LI, Junying LI. Magnetic Separation of (Tantalum-Niobium)-Tin Bulk Concentrate[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (3) : 82 -85 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.018
钽和铌是国家战略性稀有金属,因具有高熔点、高沸点、强导热性、耐腐蚀等特性广泛应用于国民经济和国防科技领域。钽和铌元素在地壳中的平均丰度分别为2×10-6和20×10-6,主要集中在南美洲、北美洲及大洋洲等地[1-2]。我国钽铌矿矿脉较为分散,主要分布在华南和华东地区,其共性是品位低、风化严重、含泥高、嵌布粒度细、矿物组成复杂、单独开采矿源少,常与长石、石英、石榴子石、云母、锡石等矿物伴生于花岗伟晶岩中。
在钽铌选矿回收工艺中,因其密度大,一般通过螺旋溜槽、铺布溜槽和摇床等重选方法回收。锡石(密度为6.8~7.1 g/cm3)与钽铌(密度为5.35 g/cm3)密度相近,通常富集在一起,矿山企业将二者混合在一起销售,影响企业经济效益。钽铌矿具有一定的弱磁性,比磁化系数为(22.1~37.2)×10-9 m3/kg,锡石比磁化系数为(0.42~2.61)×10-9 m3/kg,根据二者磁性差异,理论上可以通过高梯度磁选进行分离[3-4]。已有研究成果多为钽铌与锡分离的简单定性描述,较少详细研究两者的磁选分离工艺参数。本文针对钽铌和锡混合粗精矿磁选分离过程中的各影响因素,探索钽铌、锡各自分离成合格产品的适宜条件,可为合理开发和综合利用该矿产资源提供详细的试验依据。
试样取自江西某钽铌多金属矿,原矿经磨矿、弱磁选除掉机械铁后,采用螺旋溜槽粗选-摇床精选联合工艺获得钽铌锡混合精矿。混合精矿粒度为-0.074 mm粒级占74.64%;化学多元素分析结果表明,钽品位为11.65%,铌品位为9.33%,锡品位为19.59%。经显微镜放大观察,试样中钽铌矿物为钽铌铁矿,锡矿物为锡石,且均已单体解离;主要脉石矿物有钠长石、石英、橄榄石、褐铁矿、白云母、黑云母、锰尖晶石、高岭石、硬锰矿、绿泥石、磷灰石、钛铁矿等。
采用SLon 500立环脉动高梯度磁选机进行磁选分离。试验中,每次称取钽铌锡混合精矿10 kg,经预先化浆搅拌后给入磁选机。分选过程中,钽铌矿被磁选机介质盒吸附后随转环带出磁选区域,锡石则穿过介质盒流入脉动斗实现分离。影响选矿指标的主要因素有给矿细度、磁场强度、转环转速、脉动冲次、磁介质规格等。本次试验给矿为重选粗精矿,且单体已解离不宜再磨,故本次试验仅对磁场强度、转环转速、脉动冲次及磁介质规格进行分析,考察它们对钽铌和锡的分离效果。
磁选分离既要保证钽铌和锡品位,还得考虑相互之间夹带尽量减少。为对本试验各影响因素下达到的分离指标进行有效评价,确定适宜的磁选工艺条件,根据立环脉动磁选机所获得的钽铌精矿和锡精矿的品位,引入以下公式计算锡去除率RSn(%)和分选效率SE
式中βF,SnβF,Ta+Nb分别为钽铌锡混合精矿中锡品位和钽铌品位;βTa+Nb,SnβTa+Nb,Ta+Nb分别为分离出来的钽铌精矿中锡品位和钽铌品位;βSn,Ta+NbβSn,Sn分别为分离出来的锡精矿中钽铌品位和锡品位。
在转环转速2 r/min、脉动冲次100 r/min、磁介质棒直径2 mm条件下,考察了磁场强度对钽铌和锡分离的影响,结果见图1
图1可知,磁场强度的变化对钽铌和锡分离具有显著影响。在较低磁场强度(0.7 T)下,部分钽铌因磁性不够未能被磁介质吸附,钽铌精矿回收率较低。随着磁场强度增大,更多的钽铌矿被磁选出来,钽铌矿回收率不断增加,同时夹带的锡石也快速增多,锡去除率不断下降。由分选效率可以看出,磁场强度1.0 T时,分选效率最高,此时钽铌精矿中钽铌回收率较高,而锡分布率较少。后续试验磁场强度选取1.0 T。
高梯度磁选中矿浆自上而下穿过磁介质,由于磁介质的错层结构,部分非磁性矿受到桥链作用及表面力影响,很容易滞留在磁介质中,与磁性产品混杂在一起,降低分选效率。脉动装置可以有效提高矿物在分选腔中的分散程度,破坏非磁性矿物受到的桥链作用及表面力影响,使非磁性矿物能顺利穿过磁介质,达到有效分离[5]。磁场强度1.0 T、转环转速2 r/min、磁介质棒直径2.0 mm,考察了脉动冲次对钽铌和锡分离的影响,结果见图2
图2可见,随着脉动冲次增加,锡在磁性物中的分布率逐渐下降,锡去除率不断增加。但脉动冲次超过100 r/min后,钽铌回收率明显下降。分析其原因,可能是过大的脉动冲次造成部分磁性较弱的钽铌矿受到的脉动流体力大于磁力,导致已经被捕获的钽铌矿脱离磁介质进入非磁性矿中。后续试验脉动冲次选取100 r/min。
磁介质作为磁选分离过程中磁性矿物的载体,其结构构造(如排列、丝径、丝距、层数等)对介质堆内部的磁场特性和磁性矿粒动力学具有决定性影响,通常磁介质越密,其产生的磁场梯度使磁力呈几何倍数增加,从而显著影响高梯度磁选效果[6-11]。磁场强度1.0 T、脉动冲次100 r/min、转环转速2 r/min,考察了磁介质对钽铌和锡分离的影响,结果见图3
图3可见,磁介质棒直径1.0 mm时,由于介质比较密,非磁性矿受桥链作用影响,钽铌精矿中夹带了较多的锡;随着磁介质棒直径增加,介质内矿浆流通性加强,夹带量变少,钽铌品位逐渐提高,锡去除率也不断上升。但磁介质棒直径超过1.5 mm后,磁场梯度下降造成钽铌回收率明显下降,分选效率也直线下滑。后续试验磁介质棒直径选取1.5 mm。
转环转速决定了介质盒在磁场中的吸附时间。给矿量一定时,转环转速越慢,停留时间越长,矿浆与磁介质接触越充分,磁性物被吸附的概率也越大,但通过磁介质的矿浆越多,磁介质负荷就越重,容易出现饱和情况,造成指标下降[12]。适宜的转环转速有利于提高分选效率,既保证矿浆与磁介质作用充分,又保证磁介质不会出现饱和情况。磁场强度1.0 T、脉动冲次100 r/min,磁介质棒直径1.5 mm,转环转速对钽铌锡分离试验的影响见图4
图4可见,随着转环转速增大,钽铌回收率逐渐上升,转环转速达到2.5 r/min后开始下降。推测造成本现象原因是,在较低转速下磁介质负荷过大,钽铌出现较多跑尾,转环转速超过2.5 r/min后,磁介质又因为吸附时间不够,部分钽铌未来得及吸附最后进入锡精矿中,造成钽铌回收率再次下降。综合分析,转环转速定为2.5 r/min。
通过磁选条件试验,确定该钽铌锡粗精矿在磁场强度1.0 T、磁介质棒直径1.5 mm、脉动冲次100 r/min、转环转速2.5 r/min条件下,可获得相对较高的分选效率和锡去除率。具体指标见表1。在原矿含钽11.65%、含铌9.33%、含锡19.59%条件下,采用高梯度磁选机磁选分离钽铌和锡,最终可获得含钽22.31%、含铌17.38%、含锡3.22%、钽回收率95.48%、铌回收率92.88%、锡回收率8.20%的钽铌精矿,同时可获得锡品位35.87%、锡回收率91.80%的锡精矿。
1)针对钽铌矿与锡石密度相近、采用重选难以分离的问题,通过二者比磁化系数的不同,采用立环高梯度磁选,可以实现钽铌和锡的有效分离,为合理开发和综合利用该矿产资源提供详细的试验依据。
2)在原矿含钽11.65%、含铌9.33%、含锡19.59%条件下,采用高梯度磁选机磁选分离钽铌和锡,最终可获得含钽22.31%、含铌17.38%、含锡3.22%、钽回收率95.48%、铌回收率92.88%、锡回收率8.20%的钽铌精矿,同时可获得锡品位35.87%、锡回收率91.80%的锡精矿。
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.018
  • 接收时间:2023-12-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-10
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    1.赣州金环磁选科技装备股份有限公司,江西 赣州 341000
    2.江西环境工程职业学院,江西 赣州 341000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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