Article(id=1240631737424868300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631729627648823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700755200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719256025, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1717171200000, pubDateStr=2024-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719256025, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719256025, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719256025, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631729627648823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='181', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719254166, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724083554, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240651985603580488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631729627648823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240651985603580489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631729627648823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=97, endPage=99, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631738897069033, articleId=1240631737424868300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Effects of Polymerized Aluminum Chloride-Polyacrylamide on Treatment of Fluoride-Containing Industrial Wastewater, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fluoride-containing industrial wastewater was treated by using a composite coagulant of polymerized aluminum chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM), and effects of PAC dosage, PAM concentration, pH value, reaction time and stirring speed on fluoride removal efficiency were explored. The results show that by adding 4 400 mg/L PAC, with PAM concentration of 1 mg/L, solution with pH of 7.0, reaction time of 20 min and stirring speed of 300 r/min, the fluoride removal rate can reach 97.98%, leading to the residual concentration of fluoride ion at only 0.81 mg/L. However, the presence of impurity ions can reduce the fluoride removal rate by PAC.

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使用聚合氯化铝(PAC)-聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)联合处理含氟废水,考察了PAC投加量、PAM浓度、pH值、反应时间以及搅拌速度对除氟效果的影响。结果表明,在PAC投加量4 400 mg/L、PAM浓度1 mg/L、溶液pH值7.0、反应时间20 min、搅拌速度300 r/min时,氟去除率达97.98%,除氟后溶液中氟离子残余浓度为0.81 mg/L。溶液中杂质离子的存在会降低PAC的除氟性能。

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黄志勇(1993—),男,贵州贵阳人,工程师,主要从事市政给水排水及水环境等设计研究工作。E-mail:

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黄志勇(1993—),男,贵州贵阳人,工程师,主要从事市政给水排水及水环境等设计研究工作。E-mail:

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黄志勇(1993—),男,贵州贵阳人,工程师,主要从事市政给水排水及水环境等设计研究工作。E-mail:

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聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺处理含氟废水研究
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黄志勇 1 , 左晨鹏 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(3): 97-99
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(3): 97-99
聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺处理含氟废水研究
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黄志勇1 , 左晨鹏2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550002
  • 2.南京大学 环境规划设计研究院集团股份公司,江苏 南京 210000
  • 黄志勇(1993—),男,贵州贵阳人,工程师,主要从事市政给水排水及水环境等设计研究工作。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Effects of Polymerized Aluminum Chloride-Polyacrylamide on Treatment of Fluoride-Containing Industrial Wastewater
Zhiyong HUANG1 , Chenpeng ZUO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Guizhou Water & Power Survey-Design Institute Co Ltd, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
  • 2.Academy of Environmental Planning and Design, Co Ltd, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.021
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使用聚合氯化铝(PAC)-聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)联合处理含氟废水,考察了PAC投加量、PAM浓度、pH值、反应时间以及搅拌速度对除氟效果的影响。结果表明,在PAC投加量4 400 mg/L、PAM浓度1 mg/L、溶液pH值7.0、反应时间20 min、搅拌速度300 r/min时,氟去除率达97.98%,除氟后溶液中氟离子残余浓度为0.81 mg/L。溶液中杂质离子的存在会降低PAC的除氟性能。

废水处理  /  聚合氯化铝  /  含氟废水  /  除氟  /  混凝沉淀

Fluoride-containing industrial wastewater was treated by using a composite coagulant of polymerized aluminum chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM), and effects of PAC dosage, PAM concentration, pH value, reaction time and stirring speed on fluoride removal efficiency were explored. The results show that by adding 4 400 mg/L PAC, with PAM concentration of 1 mg/L, solution with pH of 7.0, reaction time of 20 min and stirring speed of 300 r/min, the fluoride removal rate can reach 97.98%, leading to the residual concentration of fluoride ion at only 0.81 mg/L. However, the presence of impurity ions can reduce the fluoride removal rate by PAC.

wastewater treatment  /  polymerized aluminum chloride (PAC)  /  fluoride-containing wastewater  /  fluoride removal  /  coagulation and sedimentation
黄志勇, 左晨鹏. 聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺处理含氟废水研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 97 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.021
Zhiyong HUANG, Chenpeng ZUO. Experimental Study on Effects of Polymerized Aluminum Chloride-Polyacrylamide on Treatment of Fluoride-Containing Industrial Wastewater[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (3) : 97 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.021
氟是一种与健康密切相关、具有潜在毒性的元素[1]。近年来,含氟矿物开采量、氟化物合成品以及金属冶炼产量快速增加[2-3],加之电子工业蓬勃发展,导致含氟废水排放量急剧增加[4]。随着环保意识增强,氟排放标准日渐严格,因此,必须对含氟废水进行经济有效处理[5]。目前,含氟废水的处理方法有很多[6-8],除氟药剂被广泛应用[9]。常用的除氟药剂包括聚合氯化铝(PAC)、氢氧化铝、稀土元素等[10-12]。PAC除氟效果受到多种因素影响,例如溶液pH值、搅拌速度、PAC投加量等[4],在实际应用中,需要根据具体情况进行调整和优化,以实现最佳的除氟效果。
为了提高某金属冶炼企业含氟废水处理效果,减少或替代絮凝剂PAC的用量,降低污水的处理成本,本文采用除氟剂PAC并结合助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)联合处理含氟废水,研究了PAC投加量、PAM浓度、pH值、反应时间以及搅拌速度等对废水中氟的去除效果,明确杂质离子对除氟性能的影响,以期为含氟工业废水的高效处理提供技术支持。
当PAC与水中的氟离子接触时,PAC中的铝离子会与氟离子结合,形成氟化铝沉淀,从而除去废水中的氟。反应如下:
含氟工业废水(以下称“原水”)取自江苏省某金属冶炼企业原水。原水pH值约为4.8,氟离子质量浓度约为40 mg/L。
实验药剂氟化钠、硫酸亚铁、硫酸镁、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸、氢氧化钠,均为分析纯,购自阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司。聚合氯化铝(PAC),工业级,盐基度40%~85%,w(Al2O3)≥30%,购自河南双龙水处理材料有限公司;聚丙烯酰胺(PAM,阴离子型),工业级,分子质量1 500万,购自河南双龙水处理材料有限公司。其中,PAC配制成浓度10%的溶液,PAM配制成浓度0.1%的溶液,备用。
仪器设备:上海雷磁PXSJ-216F氟离子电极、上海尚仪SN-MS-6D磁力搅拌器、上海雷磁PHB-4型便携式pH计。
用量筒量取1 000 mL原水倒入1 000 mL烧杯中备用,用1 mol/L的H2SO4或1 mol/L的NaOH调整原水pH值至6.5;然后称取相应量的PAC至烧杯中,充分搅拌使其溶解,之后再次调节溶液pH值至设定值,并将烧杯放入磁力搅拌机上搅拌反应。待上述反应结束后加入一定量的PAM至废水中,使PAM浓度为1 mg/L,再100 r/min低速搅拌反应20 min,随后静置30 min,取上清液测定氟含量。在含氟废水处理过程中,加入PAM,通过其分离出絮状沉淀的凝结作用,可加快混凝物的形成,进而加快沉淀速度,强化除氟效果[13]
为了考察溶液中不同浓度杂质离子对除氟效果的影响,在单因素实验得到的优化除氟条件下进行相关实验。为了避免其他干扰因素对实验结果的影响,本实验所用废水为氟化钠配制的模拟废水。首先,向2 000 mL烧杯中加入1 000 mL模拟废水,并添加一定量的杂质离子使其达到相应浓度,之后按照前述除氟实验方法进行实验,并测定相应的氟含量。
采用氟离子选择电极法测定溶液中氟离子浓度,其中氟离子选择电极与饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,通过直接电位法进行测量。测量时需先构建氟离子选择电极的标准曲线,以便准确测定氟离子浓度[14]
PAM浓度1 mg/L、反应时间30 min、溶液pH值7.0、搅拌速度300 r/min条件下,考察了PAC投加量对除氟效果的影响,结果如图1所示。
图1可知,PAC投加量越高,溶液中残留的氟含量越少。PAC投加量分别为2 000,2 600,3 200,3 800,4 400,5 000 mg/L时,溶液中残留的氟含量分别为27.39,16.74,6.39,2.98,0.82,0.49 mg/L,对应的氟去除率分别为31.53%,58.15%,84.03%,92.55%,97.95%,98.78%。目前,《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(征求意见稿)》(GB 18918—20)中对于氟化物的浓度限制为F-浓度不大于1.5 mg/L。为了确保排水达标,综合考虑去除率和处理成本,确定PAC投加量为4400 mg/L。
PAC投加量4400 mg/L,其他条件不变,反应时间对除氟效果的影响如图2所示。
图2可知,反应前15 min,除氟率快速上升;反应15~60 min,除氟率先逐渐提高,然后趋于稳定。为了确保反应充分,并节省反应时间,确定除氟反应时间20 min。
反应时间20 min,其他条件不变,溶液pH值对除氟效果的影响如图3所示。
图3可知,溶液pH值从5.0增加至10.0,溶液中残留氟含量先降低后增加。溶液pH值7.0时,溶液中残留氟含量最低,为0.81 mg/L,对应氟去除率为97.98%。pH值对除氟效果具有显著影响[15],在酸性溶液中,F-易与H+结合形成HF和HF2-,减少了与除氟剂发生反应生成氟化物沉淀的F-含量;随着溶液pH值升高,溶液中H+含量降低,F-与H+发生反应的机会减少,有利于生成氟化物沉淀而除氟。然而,碱性条件下,其中的OH-会耗用部分除氟剂,导致除氟剂的有效成分减少,从而降低除氟效果。中性范围内有利于除氟反应的发生,故选择溶液pH值为7.0。
溶液pH值7.0,其他条件不变,搅拌速度对除氟效果的影响见图4
图4可知,搅拌速度从100 r/min增至300 r/min,溶液中氟去除率从81.6%提高至97.73%;搅拌速度从300 r/min进一步增加至500 r/min,溶液中氟去除率略微降低。合适的搅拌速度可使PAC迅速扩散到上清液中[16],温度场和浓度场更均匀,促使Al3+与F-接触形成沉淀而除氟;但搅拌速度过高会打碎絮凝体,阻碍沉淀形成,从而使除氟效率降低。确定搅拌速度为300 r/min。
金属冶炼不同工段存在的杂质离子(如铁、镁、铜、锰等)含量各不相同。考虑到PAC可能会在不同工段使用,本节基于单因素实验确定的适宜除氟剂用量、反应时间、溶液pH值和搅拌速度,考察了溶液中不同浓度镁离子、亚铁离子、铜离子以及锰离子对除氟效果的影响。杂质离子的浓度区间均为2~10 g/L,结果如图5所示。
图5可知,随着溶液中杂质离子浓度升高,除氟效率均下降。亚铁离子对PAC除氟性能的影响较小,而铜离子的影响较大。杂质离子的存在导致除氟率降低,可能是由于这些离子干扰了除氟剂对氟离子的选择性反应[17]
通过除氟单因素实验,综合考虑经济、能耗等因素,确定了PAC-PAM除氟工艺优化条件为:PAC投加量4 400 mg/L、PAM浓度1 mg/L、反应时间20 min、溶液pH值7.0、搅拌速度300 r/min,此时氟去除率达97.98%,除氟后液中F-残余浓度为0.81 mg/L。在实验室小试基础上,开展了10倍静态放大综合实验,于室温条件下,取10 L原水,按相应实验步骤操作后,测定水中残留F-浓度为1.38 mg/L,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(征求意见稿)》(GB 18918—20)对氟化物浓度的限制标准(F-浓度不大于1.5 mg/L)。
1)PAC-PAM除氟工艺优化条件为:PAC投加量4 400 mg/L(外加1 mg/L PAM助凝剂)、反应时间20 min、溶液pH值7.0、搅拌速度300 r/min,此条件下可将含氟废水中F-浓度从40 mg/L降至1.5 mg/L以下。
2)溶液中杂质离子的存在会降低PAC除氟性能,其中亚铁离子对除氟性能影响较小、铜离子的影响较大。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52269025)
  • 贵州省水利科技项目(KT202226)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.021
  • 接收时间:2023-11-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-24
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国家自然科学基金(52269025)
贵州省水利科技项目(KT202226)
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    1.贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550002
    2.南京大学 环境规划设计研究院集团股份公司,江苏 南京 210000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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