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According to the existence of manganese, an experiment was carried out by adopting a processing technique consisting of reduction roasting and acid leaching to treat high-silicon manganese oxide ore. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, mass ratio of coal to ore, leaching temperature and time, initial sulfuric acid concentration, and liquid-solid ratio on the manganese leaching rate were all investigated. The results show that the leaching rate of manganese can reach 95.83% under the conditions including roasting temperature of 880 ℃, roasting time of 1.5 h, a mass ratio of 18% for coal to ore, leaching temperature of 55 ℃, leaching time of 2 h, initial sulfuric acid concentration of 1.80 mol/L, as well as liquid-solid ratio of 5 mL/g.

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依据锰矿的赋存形态,采用还原焙烧-酸浸法处理高硅复杂氧化锰矿,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、煤与矿质量比、浸出温度、浸出时间、初始硫酸浓度、液固比等因素对锰浸出率的影响。结果表明,在焙烧温度880 ℃、焙烧时间1.5 h、煤与矿质量比18%、浸出温度55 ℃、浸出时间2 h、初始硫酸浓度1.80 mol/L、液固比5 mL/g条件下,锰浸出率达95.83%。

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刘志雄(1973—),男,湖南新化人,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师,主要研究方向为功能材料合成及矿物加工。E-mail:
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肖胜鹏(1999—),男,湖南衡阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为资源综合利用及功能材料合成。E-mail:

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肖胜鹏(1999—),男,湖南衡阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为资源综合利用及功能材料合成。E-mail:

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(a)氧化锰矿;(b)焙烧矿;(c)浸出渣;(d)~(f)对应的放大图

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MnOSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3K2OCaOMgO
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氧化锰矿化学成分(质量分数)

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高硅氧化锰矿还原焙烧-酸浸工艺研究
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肖胜鹏 1 , 田宇航 1 , 李飞 2 , 刘志雄 1, 2 , 刘清霞 1 , 陈爽 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(3): 120-123
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(3): 120-123
高硅氧化锰矿还原焙烧-酸浸工艺研究
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肖胜鹏1 , 田宇航1, 李飞2, 刘志雄1, 2 , 刘清霞1, 陈爽1
作者信息
  • 1.吉首大学 物理与机电工程学院,湖南 吉首 416000
  • 2.矿物清洁生产与绿色功能材料开发湖南省重点实验室,吉首大学,湖南 吉首 416000
  • 肖胜鹏(1999—),男,湖南衡阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为资源综合利用及功能材料合成。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘志雄(1973—),男,湖南新化人,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师,主要研究方向为功能材料合成及矿物加工。E-mail:
Reduction Roasting and Acid Leaching of High-Silicon Manganese Oxide Ore
Shengpeng XIAO1 , Yuhang TIAN1, Fei LI2, Zhixiong LIU1, 2 , Qingxia LIU1, Shuang CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China
  • 2.Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Mineral Cleaner Production and Green Functional Materials, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.026
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依据锰矿的赋存形态,采用还原焙烧-酸浸法处理高硅复杂氧化锰矿,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、煤与矿质量比、浸出温度、浸出时间、初始硫酸浓度、液固比等因素对锰浸出率的影响。结果表明,在焙烧温度880 ℃、焙烧时间1.5 h、煤与矿质量比18%、浸出温度55 ℃、浸出时间2 h、初始硫酸浓度1.80 mol/L、液固比5 mL/g条件下,锰浸出率达95.83%。

氧化锰矿  /  高硅  /  还原焙烧  /  酸浸

According to the existence of manganese, an experiment was carried out by adopting a processing technique consisting of reduction roasting and acid leaching to treat high-silicon manganese oxide ore. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, mass ratio of coal to ore, leaching temperature and time, initial sulfuric acid concentration, and liquid-solid ratio on the manganese leaching rate were all investigated. The results show that the leaching rate of manganese can reach 95.83% under the conditions including roasting temperature of 880 ℃, roasting time of 1.5 h, a mass ratio of 18% for coal to ore, leaching temperature of 55 ℃, leaching time of 2 h, initial sulfuric acid concentration of 1.80 mol/L, as well as liquid-solid ratio of 5 mL/g.

manganese oxide ore  /  high silica  /  reduction roasting  /  acid leaching
肖胜鹏, 田宇航, 李飞, 刘志雄, 刘清霞, 陈爽. 高硅氧化锰矿还原焙烧-酸浸工艺研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 120 -123 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.026
Shengpeng XIAO, Yuhang TIAN, Fei LI, Zhixiong LIU, Qingxia LIU, Shuang CHEN. Reduction Roasting and Acid Leaching of High-Silicon Manganese Oxide Ore[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (3) : 120 -123 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.026
锰主要应用于钢铁工业,作为合金添加剂、脱氧和脱硫剂等[1-3]。我国是世界最大的电解金属锰生产国、消费国及出口国。长期以来,我国主要以碳酸锰矿石为主要原料生产电解金属锰。国内碳酸锰矿储量日渐减少,所用碳酸锰矿锰品位从18%~20%降至13%~15%;另一方面,储藏量相对丰富的含锰20%~30%氧化锰矿却未能充分开发利用[4-6]。因此,高效充分利用氧化锰矿资源对锰行业发展具有重要意义。目前,氧化锰矿的研究与应用以软锰矿为主,软锰矿浸出提锰工艺主要有还原焙烧-酸浸及直接还原酸浸。还原焙烧-酸浸工艺是从软锰矿提取锰较成熟的技术[7-8],还原剂主要有气体还原剂和固体还原剂[9-15]。还原焙烧工艺参数对锰浸出率影响大,因此,探究还原焙烧与酸浸的耦合关系对氧化锰矿的浸出具有重要意义。本文以煤粉为还原剂,针对某高硅复杂氧化锰矿进行还原焙烧及酸浸实验,以期有效开发利用高硅氧化锰矿。
实验用锰矿为广西某氧化锰矿,经破碎、球磨至-74 μm粒级占84.63%,对其进行了化学成分分析和XRD分析,结果分别见表1图1
表1可知,氧化锰矿中主要含锰、硅、铁及铝等元素,同时含有少量钠、钾、钙及镁等,是高硅氧化锰矿。图1表明,氧化锰中主要含锰矿物为软锰矿(MnO2)和水合氧化锰(Mn6O12(H2O)3),其他矿物主要为石英(SiO2)、赤铁矿(Fe2O3)及高岭土(Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4)。
实验用无烟煤粉来自广西某煤矿,粒度-2 mm。煤工业分析结果为:平均发热量40.37 MJ/kg,挥发分6.24%,固定碳90.12%,灰分0.85%,全硫2.45%,水分4.42%。
实验用硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、磷酸、硝酸铵等均为分析纯试剂。实验用水为去离子水。
实验用仪器设备包括电子天平、电热鼓风干燥箱、恒温水浴锅、循环水真空泵、马弗炉等。
还原焙烧:称取一定氧化锰矿与无烟煤按一定质量比混合均匀,然后放入带盖的镍坩埚,将镍坩埚置入马弗炉中升温至预定温度,焙烧预定时间后,取出镍坩埚置于水中直接水冷,冷却至室温后回收焙烧的粉末产物备用。
酸浸:量取适量稀硫酸溶液,加入圆底烧瓶,以500 r/min速度搅拌并加热,待温度升至预设值,按预定液固比加入还原焙烧氧化锰矿,浸出预定时间后,固液抽滤分离。分别对滤液和滤渣进行化学分析,并计算锰浸出率。
焙烧温度880 ℃、液固比5 mL/g、初始硫酸浓度为1.80 mol/L、浸出时间4.0 h、浸出温度95 ℃条件下,考察了不同焙烧时间下煤与矿质量比对锰浸出率的影响,结果见图2
图2可知,在还原时间0.5 h时,锰浸出率随着煤与矿质量比增大而增大,但锰浸出率较低,表明焙烧时间较短,MnO2没有充分还原为氧化锰,锰的还原产物可能以Mn2O3、Mn3O4为主[16-17]。相同配比时,锰浸出率随着焙烧时间延长而增大;焙烧时间1.5 h时,锰浸出率在煤与矿质量比为18%时达到最大,此后煤与矿质量比增大,浸出率有所降低。因此选择煤与矿质量比18%和焙烧时间1.5 h进行后续实验。
焙烧时间1.5 h、煤与矿质量比18%,其他条件不变,焙烧温度对锰浸出率的影响见图3
图3可知,随着焙烧温度从760 ℃升至880 ℃,锰浸出率从68.76%提升至95.68%,表明提高焙烧温度有利于二氧化锰的还原;此后继续增大焙烧温度,锰浸出率基本没有变化。因此,焙烧温度确定为880 ℃。
焙烧温度880 ℃,其他条件不变,液固比对锰浸出率的影响见图4
图4可知,锰浸出率随着液固比增大呈现出先增大而后持平的趋势。液固比较小时,矿浆浓度大,单位质量还原产物与浸出剂接触机会少,不利于浸出物扩散,锰浸出率较低;液固比达到5 mL/g后,锰浸出率基本不变。因此,确定液固比为5 mL/g。
液固比5 mL/g,其他条件不变,初始硫酸浓度对锰浸出率的影响见图5
图5可知,锰浸出率随着初始硫酸浓度增大呈现先逐渐增大后趋于平缓的规律。硫酸初始浓度从0.72 mol/L增大到1.80 mol/L时,锰浸出率从60.65%提高到95.68%,之后,随着初始硫酸浓度增大,锰出率基本不变。初始硫酸浓度增大,浸出剂向矿物缝隙渗透的推动力增大,促进了锰的浸出,直至达到平衡。因此,确定初始硫酸浓度为1.80 mol/L。
初始硫酸浓度1.80 mol/L,其他条件不变,浸出时间对锰浸出率的影响见图6
图6可知,锰浸出率随着浸出时间延长而增大,浸出时间2.0 h时,锰浸出率达到95.68%,继续延长浸出时间,锰浸出率基本不变。因此,确定浸出时间为2.0 h。
浸出时间2.0 h,其他条件不变,浸出温度对锰浸出率影响见图7
图7可知,浸出温度较低时,锰浸出率随着浸出温度增大而增大,浸出温度超过55 ℃后,继续升温,锰浸出率基本不变。因此,确定浸出温度为55 ℃。
通过上述单因素实验获得的软锰矿较佳浸出条件为:煤与矿质量比18%、焙烧温度880 ℃、液固比5 mL/g、初始硫酸浓度1.80 mol/L、浸出时间2.0 h和浸出温度55 ℃,此条件下进行了3组重复实验,锰浸出率分别为96.46%、95.63%、95.39%,平均浸出率达95.83%。
焙烧时间1.5 h、煤与矿质量比18%时,不同温度(800 ℃、880 ℃、920 ℃)下还原焙烧矿及优化条件下浸出渣的XRD图如图8所示。
图8可以看出,焙烧温度800 ℃时,氧化锰矿中的锰主要转变为Mn3O4,这可能是因为焙烧温度较低,还原焙烧产生的CO2无法与碳快速反应生成CO,从而影响了锰氧化物的转变。焙烧温度880 ℃时,分子热运动加快,有利于气体在矿物中扩散,CO2与煤反应生成CO的速率加快[18],焙烧产物中MnO含量逐渐增大,MnO特征峰增强。
对比氧化锰矿、不同温度下焙烧氧化锰矿及其浸出渣XRD结果可知,煤粉高温焙烧后Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4相转变成Al-Si尖晶石的结构[19],焙烧产物中出现了Al2O3相。焙烧温度由800 ℃增至920 ℃,SiO2特征峰强度随着温度增加而减弱,Fe2SiO4相特征峰强度随着温度提升而增强。同时,优化条件下的焙烧产物及浸出渣中出现了FeMn(SiO)4相,说明焙烧过程中二氧化硅与锰、铁等发生反应形成了较稳定的化合物,影响了锰的浸出。
氧化锰矿以及优化条件下焙烧氧化锰矿及其浸出渣微观形貌见图9
图9(a)~(c)可以得知,氧化锰矿经还原焙烧后大粒径颗粒明显增多,焙烧过程中矿物颗粒表面原子在高温下具有较高活性,易于扩散到相邻表面发生反应聚合在一起。由图9(d)~(f)可以发现,焙烧矿颗粒表面相较于氧化锰矿基本无絮状物质,且存在较多缝隙,表面也较为粗糙,而在浸出后颗粒表面相较于焙烧矿出现了较为光滑的界面,表明锰矿焙烧过程中存在高岭土的转变以及颗粒间的聚合,导致Al-Si尖晶石光滑的表面被部分掩盖,直到锰被浸出后才得以暴露出来,这与图8结果相符。
1)氧化锰矿较佳的还原焙烧-酸浸条件为:煤与矿质量比18%、焙烧温度880 ℃、液固比5 mL/g、初始硫酸浓度1.80 mol/L、浸出时间2.0 h和浸出温度55 ℃,此条件下锰平均浸出率达95.83%。
2)氧化锰矿在高温焙烧时,锰、铁氧化物与二氧化硅生成铁锰硅酸盐,导致锰浸出率下降。
3)还原焙烧-酸浸工艺可用于处理高硅复杂氧化锰矿,该工艺可为类似高硅复杂氧化锰矿的利用提供技术参考。
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4507; 2020JJ5456)
  • 矿物清洁生产与绿色功能材料开发湖南省重点实验室开放基金(KWC202001)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.026
  • 接收时间:2023-12-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05
基金
湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4507; 2020JJ5456)
矿物清洁生产与绿色功能材料开发湖南省重点实验室开放基金(KWC202001)
作者信息
    1.吉首大学 物理与机电工程学院,湖南 吉首 416000
    2.矿物清洁生产与绿色功能材料开发湖南省重点实验室,吉首大学,湖南 吉首 416000

通讯作者:

刘志雄(1973—),男,湖南新化人,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师,主要研究方向为功能材料合成及矿物加工。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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