Article(id=1236327864254132277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236327863171993957, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2023.02.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1663862400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772693132698, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1680278400000, pubDateStr=2023-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772693132698, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772693132698, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772693132698, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236327863171993957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2023', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772693132441, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772693403732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236329001107640372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236327863171993957, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236329001107640373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236327863171993957, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=30, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236327864489013304, articleId=1236327864254132277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation of Surface Subsidence Caused by Underground Mining Using Discrete Element Software PFC²D, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

By establishing a particle flow model of geological profile with discrete element software PFC^2D, the formation and development process of overlying strata cracks during the mining of ore body were studied, and the mechanism for overlying strata gradually developing into collapse and caving was also revealed. It is found that with the mining of ore bodies, fractures grow upward and increase in numbers. The goaf after mining can cause the overlying strata with tensile-shear failure, and also the new cracks will constantly occur in the strata. Tensile fractures predominantly develop in the overlying strata, but tensile fractures occur at the both ends of fracture development region. Also, more and more concentrated fractures grow upward at both ends of goaf, presenting a potential of gradual collapse and caving of goaf roof. After the third and fourth stratified ore bodies are mined out, roof collapse will take place locally and then gradually develop into roof caving of the whole goaf, finally leading to roof collapse to the surface and forming a small sinkhole on the ground surface. Then, the development progress of sinkholes can be subdivided into stable stage, slow-progress stage, rapid-progress stage and end of progress in terms of the numbers of fractures, presenting the mechanism for overlying strata developing from tensile fracture and shear fractures at both ends of goaf to overall collapse.

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采用离散元PFC^2D建立了地质剖面颗粒流模型，研究了矿体开采过程中上覆岩层裂缝形成与发展过程，揭示上覆岩层逐渐垮塌崩落的机理。结果表明，随着矿体的开采，裂隙不断向上发展，裂隙数增加。开采矿体后形成的采空区造成了上覆岩层的拉裂-剪裂破坏，岩层中不断有新生裂缝产生。上覆岩层主要以拉裂缝发展为主，在拉裂缝发展区域两端产生部分剪破坏裂缝，在空区两端已经出现向上发展的裂缝集聚，是空区顶板逐渐垮塌崩落的征兆。开采第3分层和第4分层矿体后，出现了局部顶板垮塌现象，且垮塌崩落逐渐发展为整个采空区顶板垮塌，最终垮塌崩落至地表，在地表初步形成一个小塌陷坑。塌陷坑发展过程依据裂隙数可细分为平稳发展时期、缓慢发展时期、快速发展时期和结束发展时期，揭示了井下矿体开采致使上覆岩层拉裂-空区两端剪裂-整体垮塌崩落的形成机理。

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魏媛（1983—），女，湖南永州人，硕士，讲师，主要从事工程管理与岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作。

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魏媛（1983—），女，湖南永州人，硕士，讲师，主要从事工程管理与岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作。

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