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Article(id=1236276117817062030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680795387, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680795387, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680795387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680795387, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=95, endPage=99, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276118806917811, articleId=1236276117817062030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Process Mineralogy and Flotation Test of Niobium-Bearing Ore from Africa, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A process mineralogy study was conducted for a niobium-bearing ore in eastern Africa. Based on the study results, the raw ore was ground to－0.10 mm (100% passing size), and then pretreated with a process consisting of desliming, iron removal and zircon flotation for reducing the influence of slime, magnetite, and zircon on flotation performance. Under weakly acidic conditions, a closed-circuit niobium flotation test was carried out, with water glass and aluminum sulfate as a combined depressant, lead nitrate as an activator, and a self-developed chelating collector GYX2, producing a niobium concentrate grading 26.87% Nb2O5 at 88.31% recovery, with a corresponding recovery of 80.86% from the raw ore. It is concluded that the niobium minerals in the ore can be effectively recovered.

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对非洲东部某含铌矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究；基于工艺矿物学，将原矿磨细至－0.10 mm粒级占100%，采用脱泥-除铁-浮锆工艺对原矿进行预处理，减少细泥、磁铁矿、锆石对铌矿物浮选指标的影响；在弱酸性条件下，以水玻璃+硫酸铝为组合抑制剂、硝酸铅为活化剂，结合自制螯合类捕收剂GYX2进行铌浮选试验，获得了铌精矿Nb2O5品位26.87%、作业回收率88.31%、对原矿回收率80.86%的闭路试验指标，实现了矿石中铌矿物的高效回收。

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胡红喜（1985—），男，河南周口人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事选矿工艺研究。E-mail：
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刘超（1988—），男，江西抚州人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事选矿及固废回收利用研究。E-mail：

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刘超（1988—），男，江西抚州人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事选矿及固废回收利用研究。E-mail：

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刘超（1988—），男，江西抚州人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事选矿及固废回收利用研究。E-mail：

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Research progress of niobium ore flotation reagents[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2022, 42(6): 50-56., articleTitle=Research progress of niobium ore flotation reagents, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236348228061417755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, awardId=2022GDASZH-2022010104; 2023GDASZH-2023010104, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省科学院专项资金项目(2022GDASZH-2022010104; 2023GDASZH-2023010104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236348228212412713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, awardId=2020YFC1908904, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1908904), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236348219827999260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348219844776479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, companyId=1236348219827999260, 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companyId=1236348220369064516, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.盛和资源（连云港）新材料科技有限公司，江苏　连云港　222042)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236348225121210426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flotation test flowchart, figureFileSmall=rEB/SwonGNqsIwJ2TwLV5w==, figureFileBig=UHJF0Tqjta5m4Z9rw7b8zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225230262342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=图1, caption=浮选试验流程, figureFileSmall=rEB/SwonGNqsIwJ2TwLV5w==, figureFileBig=UHJF0Tqjta5m4Z9rw7b8zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225389645911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Collector dosage test results, figureFileSmall=KnUeXxnKn8kQUytA+6QHlw==, figureFileBig=6nzEi4QPl7Ug8FB4O0pOmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225549029477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=图2, caption=捕收剂用量试验结果

（a）GYX1；（b）GYX2

, figureFileSmall=KnUeXxnKn8kQUytA+6QHlw==, figureFileBig=6nzEi4QPl7Ug8FB4O0pOmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225683247219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Activator dosage test results, figureFileSmall=Htwg5QYNLkalC17BRvWlFA==, figureFileBig=FDXeoIbhdmUh7CO9+df4Ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225846825083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=图3, caption=活化剂用量试验结果, figureFileSmall=Htwg5QYNLkalC17BRvWlFA==, figureFileBig=FDXeoIbhdmUh7CO9+df4Ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226077511816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Dosage test results of pH adjuster of H2SO4, figureFileSmall=O7vcja5UqN6Lct2c9NOPKw==, figureFileBig=y2gG6BWTG94HVZGX8QEcfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226215923860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=图4, caption=pH值调整剂硫酸用量试验结果, figureFileSmall=O7vcja5UqN6Lct2c9NOPKw==, figureFileBig=y2gG6BWTG94HVZGX8QEcfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226371113119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of depressant on gangue minerals, figureFileSmall=mOYRQg/kfF7fLKyyIxhwwg==, figureFileBig=MR3eLbvk82jgaUPIeWClNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226534690988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=图5, caption=抑制剂对脉石矿物的抑制效果, figureFileSmall=mOYRQg/kfF7fLKyyIxhwwg==, figureFileBig=MR3eLbvk82jgaUPIeWClNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226639548597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Closed-circuit test flowchart, figureFileSmall=Fl9/PZtav83iwH68Bf1taw==, figureFileBig=VrpXsnxLzilVXy52GTMkKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226736017595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=图6, caption=闭路试验流程, figureFileSmall=Fl9/PZtav83iwH68Bf1taw==, figureFileBig=VrpXsnxLzilVXy52GTMkKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226870235336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Multi-elemental analysis of sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Nb2O5Ta2O5ZrO2CaOCaF2SiO2Al2O3TFeMnP2O5
0.340.0641.681.520.3254.5819.361.210.460.21
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227071561938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品化学多元素分析结果（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Nb2O5Ta2O5ZrO2CaOCaF2SiO2Al2O3TFeMnP2O5
0.340.0641.681.520.3254.5819.361.210.460.21
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227201585368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mineral composition of sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烧绿石钡锶烧绿石铌铁矿铌铁金红石易解石硬锰矿锆石
0.270.130.110.020.020.722.32
石英钠长石钾长石角闪石霞石白云母黑云母
0.1350.0426.120.400.301.6210.58
高岭土磁铁矿褐铁矿磷灰石独居石其他 
3.570.880.960.540.111.16 
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227331608797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

矿物组成（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烧绿石钡锶烧绿石铌铁矿铌铁金红石易解石硬锰矿锆石
0.270.130.110.020.020.722.32
石英钠长石钾长石角闪石霞石白云母黑云母
0.1350.0426.120.400.301.6210.58
高岭土磁铁矿褐铁矿磷灰石独居石其他 
3.570.880.960.540.111.16 
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227453243626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Particle size distribution of pyrochlore，niobite and zircon in sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒级/mm产率/%
烧绿石锆石铌铁矿
－0.32+0.1612.7218.2014.69
－0.16+0.0835.7939.1139.80
－0.08+0.0418.127.9121.66
－0.04+0.0214.1015.8013.04
－0.02+0.016.6910.335.55
－0.0112.588.655.26
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227549712628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

样品中烧绿石、铌铁矿和锆石的粒度分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒级/mm产率/%
烧绿石锆石铌铁矿
－0.32+0.1612.7218.2014.69
－0.16+0.0835.7939.1139.80
－0.08+0.0418.127.9121.66
－0.04+0.0214.1015.8013.04
－0.02+0.016.6910.335.55
－0.0112.588.655.26
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Closed-circuit test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称作业产率/%Nb2O5品位/%Nb2O5回收率/%
作业对原矿
铌精矿1.1426.8788.3180.86
尾矿98.860.04111.6910.70
浮锆尾矿100.000.35100.0091.56
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227792982279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276117817062030, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

闭路试验结果

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作业对原矿
铌精矿1.1426.8788.3180.86
尾矿98.860.04111.6910.70
浮锆尾矿100.000.35100.0091.56
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非洲某含铌矿石工艺矿物学及浮选试验研究
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刘超 1, 2, 3 , 胡红喜 1, 2, 3 , 张忠汉 1, 2, 3 , 黄伟 4 , 杨记平 1, 2, 3 , 陈志强 1, 2, 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(4): 95-99
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(4): 95-99
非洲某含铌矿石工艺矿物学及浮选试验研究
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刘超1, 2, 3 , 胡红喜1, 2, 3 , 张忠汉1, 2, 3, 黄伟4, 杨记平1, 2, 3, 陈志强1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所，广东　广州　510651
  • 2.稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室，广东　广州　510651
  • 3.广东省矿产资源开发与综合利用重点实验室，广东　广州　510651
  • 4.盛和资源（连云港）新材料科技有限公司，江苏　连云港　222042

    • 刘超（1988—），男，江西抚州人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事选矿及固废回收利用研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

胡红喜（1985—），男，河南周口人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事选矿工艺研究。E-mail：
Process Mineralogy and Flotation Test of Niobium-Bearing Ore from Africa
Chao LIU1, 2, 3 , Hongxi HU1, 2, 3 , Zhonghan ZHANG1, 2, 3, Wei HUANG4, Jiping YANG1, 2, 3, Zhiqiang CHEN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Rare Metals Separation and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, China
  • 3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resource and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, China
  • 4.Shenghe Resources (Lianyungang) New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.017
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摘要
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对非洲东部某含铌矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究；基于工艺矿物学，将原矿磨细至－0.10 mm粒级占100%，采用脱泥-除铁-浮锆工艺对原矿进行预处理，减少细泥、磁铁矿、锆石对铌矿物浮选指标的影响；在弱酸性条件下，以水玻璃+硫酸铝为组合抑制剂、硝酸铅为活化剂，结合自制螯合类捕收剂GYX2进行铌浮选试验，获得了铌精矿Nb2O5品位26.87%、作业回收率88.31%、对原矿回收率80.86%的闭路试验指标，实现了矿石中铌矿物的高效回收。

铌矿  /  烧绿石  /  铌铁矿  /  预处理  /  浮选  /  工艺矿物学  /  脱泥

A process mineralogy study was conducted for a niobium-bearing ore in eastern Africa. Based on the study results, the raw ore was ground to－0.10 mm (100% passing size), and then pretreated with a process consisting of desliming, iron removal and zircon flotation for reducing the influence of slime, magnetite, and zircon on flotation performance. Under weakly acidic conditions, a closed-circuit niobium flotation test was carried out, with water glass and aluminum sulfate as a combined depressant, lead nitrate as an activator, and a self-developed chelating collector GYX2, producing a niobium concentrate grading 26.87% Nb2O5 at 88.31% recovery, with a corresponding recovery of 80.86% from the raw ore. It is concluded that the niobium minerals in the ore can be effectively recovered.

niobium ore  /  pyrochlore  /  niobite  /  pretreatment  /  flotation  /  process mineralogy  /  desliming
刘超, 胡红喜, 张忠汉, 黄伟, 杨记平, 陈志强. 非洲某含铌矿石工艺矿物学及浮选试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 95 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.017
Chao LIU, Hongxi HU, Zhonghan ZHANG, Wei HUANG, Jiping YANG, Zhiqiang CHEN. Process Mineralogy and Flotation Test of Niobium-Bearing Ore from Africa[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 95 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.017
正文
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铌是一种重要的战略稀有金属，具有熔点高、吸气性好、超导性等特殊性能，在钢铁工业、航空航天等领域使用广泛，并在尖端电子领域具有广阔的应用前景[1]。随着我国经济快速发展，人们对铌的需求量持续上升。
我国铌矿资源储量位居全球第二，其中98%的铌分布在内蒙古包头白云鄂博矿。我国铌矿资源品位低、嵌布粒度细、铌矿组成复杂，选别难度大，资源回收率低[2]。
含铌矿物种类较多，主要有铌铁矿、烧绿石、黑稀金矿、褐钇铌矿、易解石、钽铁矿等[3]。近90%的铌矿床属于烧绿石[4]，主要分布于美洲地区[5]，浮选是回收烧绿石的主要方法。铌铁矿的选矿方法包括重选、浮选、磁选及其组合方法。白云鄂博矿稀土尾矿中主要铌矿物为铌铁矿、易解石、黄绿石等，回收铌铁矿较为典型的选矿工艺为“反浮选-浮铌-浮铁”和“反浮选-浮铁-浮铌-磁选”[6-7]。对于铌矿物种类较多的复杂铌矿石[8]，不能采用单一烧绿石或铌铁矿选矿方法有效回收铌资源[9]。随着我国矿产资源“走出去”战略不断推进，开发利用国外复杂铌矿资源引起了研究者的重视。本文系统研究非洲东部某轻度风化的含铌矿石的工艺矿物学性质，并在此基础上开展铌矿石浮选回收试验研究。
1　试验样品和试验方法
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1.1　试验样品
试验矿样为来自非洲东部某矿区的转孔岩心样。从矿样中挑选具有代表性的矿石矿块制成光片，其余样品则进行破碎、混匀（堆锥3次）和筛分（筛孔尺寸2 mm），得到－2 mm粒级矿样作为本次试验的样品。
样品化学多元素分析结果见表1，矿物组成见表2。由表1可知，原矿中Nb2O5品位0.34%、ZrO2品位1.68%，主要有价金属为铌，是本次试验测试和回收的对象；锆达到了综合利用要求，本次试验暂不考虑锆的回收。由表2可知，原矿中含铌矿物种类较多，主要以烧绿石、钡锶烧绿石和铌铁矿形式存在，少量存在于易解石、铌铁金红石中，其他金属氧化物有硬锰矿、磁铁矿、褐铁矿；锆主要以锆石形式存在；脉石矿物主要为钠长石、钾长石、黑云母、高岭土，少量为磷灰石、白云母、石英等。
样品中烧绿石、铌铁矿和锆石的粒度分布如表3所示。由表3可见，样品中烧绿石、锆石、铌铁矿粒度分布范围为0～0.32 mm，锆石粒度略粗，－0.01 mm难选微细粒级烧绿石和铌铁矿产率分别为12.58%和5.26%，表明部分烧绿石与铌铁矿嵌布粒度较细，增加了该铌矿物的回收难度。
1.2　试验设备、药剂及方法
试验仪器和试验设备主要包括矿物自动定量分析仪（MLA系统）、FEI Quanta 650扫描电子显微镜、Empyrean锐影X射线荧光光谱仪、扫描电镜能谱仪（EDS）、Leica DMR XP偏光显微镜、WFX-110B原子吸收分光光度计、Leica M125体视显微镜、水力旋流器、Φ240×90锥形球磨机、ZCT湿式筒式磁选机、XFDⅣ型单槽浮选机。
试验试剂包括硫酸、硫酸铝、硝酸铅（均为分析纯），模数2.5的水玻璃（工业纯），自制药剂GYX1（主要成分为C4～8的烷基羟肟酸）和GYX2（主要成分为C7～9的烷基羟肟酸）。
采用MLA系统定量测定样品的矿物组成。将捡取的代表性矿块样品制成光片后利用显微镜研究矿石结构、构造以及嵌布粒度、赋存状态等工艺矿物学特性。利用水力旋流器去除细泥，再通过湿式弱磁选机以及浮选机进行选矿试验，分别得到细泥尾矿、磁性产品和浮选产品。
2　试验结果与讨论
收起
2.1　浮铌前预处理
工艺矿物学研究结果表明，矿石中可回收的主要矿物为烧绿石、钡锶烧绿石和铌铁矿；原矿含一定量风化矿，细泥易干扰含铌矿石的浮选体系，同时会增加药剂消耗[10-11]。此外，原矿中含有少量磁铁矿及部分可浮性较好的锆石，在烧绿石矿的浮选体系中易上浮，从而影响铌精矿品质。因此，在浮选铌之前，需对原矿进行预处理。将原矿磨细至－0.10 mm粒级占100%，加水稀释矿浆后，利用水力旋流器进行脱泥，然后在磁场强度0.45 T条件下利用筒式磁选机脱除磁铁矿，最后在碱性体系下，以淀粉抑制含铌矿物，以油酸为捕收剂回收锆石。经过“脱泥-除铁-浮锆”工艺处理后，浮锆尾矿铌品位0.35%，铌回收率为91.56%，铌主要富集在浮选锆石后的尾矿中。将浮锆尾矿作为浮铌给矿进行后续试验研究。
2.2　浮铌条件试验
2.2.1　捕收剂试验
烧绿石捕收剂以胺类、螯合剂为主[12-14]。本矿石中铌矿物以烧绿石、铌铁矿为主，采用自制高效铌矿物螯合剂GYX1和GYX2为捕收剂，按照图1所示流程进行捕收剂用量试验，结果如图2所示。由图2可见，2种捕收剂作用下，粗精矿铌品位接近，2种捕收剂选择性相近，但GYX2捕收能力明显强于GYX1。随着GYX2用量增加，粗精矿铌品位下降，回收率上升，粗选GYX2用量大于400 g/t时，粗精矿铌品位大幅下降，回收率小幅上升。确定以GYX2为捕收剂，适宜的用量为400 g/t。
2.2.2　活化剂试验
以硝酸铅为活化剂，在捕收剂GYX2用量400 g/t条件下，按照图1所示流程开展了活化剂用量试验，结果见图3。由图3可知，随着活化剂硝酸铅用量增加，粗精矿铌品位先上升后下降，回收率先大幅上升后小幅上升，确定适宜的活化剂硝酸铅用量为200 g/t。
2.2.3　pH值调整剂试验
烧绿石在酸性或弱酸性介质中表现出较好的可浮性。以硫酸为pH值调整剂，在捕收剂GYX2用量400 g/t、活化剂硝酸铅用量200 g/t条件下，按照图1所示流程开展了pH值调整剂用量试验，结果如图4所示。由图4可见，随着pH值调整剂硫酸用量增加，粗精矿铌品位和回收率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势，硫酸用量400 g/t时，粗精矿铌品位高，铌回收率处于较高范围。适宜的粗选硫酸用量为400 g/t。
2.2.4　抑制剂试验
水玻璃为硅酸盐脉石的常见抑制剂，对于矿物组成复杂的矿石，抑制剂组合使用往往能提高对脉石的抑制效果。在捕收剂GYX2用量400 g/t、活化剂硝酸铅用量200 g/t、硫酸用量400 g/t条件下，按照图1所示流程，考察了水玻璃、水玻璃+硫酸铝（二者按质量比1∶1混合均匀）对脉石矿物的抑制效果，结果如图5所示。由图5可见，相较于组合抑制剂，水玻璃对脉石矿物的选择性抑制效果较差，同时对含铌矿石表现出一定的抑制作用。随着组合抑制剂用量增加，粗精矿铌品位上升，铌回收率先上升后下降，当组合抑制剂用量大于600 g/t时，铌品位缓慢上升，回收率则大幅下降。确定以水玻璃+硫酸铝为脉石矿物的抑制剂，适宜用量为600 g/t。
2.3　浮铌闭路试验
在铌浮选条件试验基础上对浮锆尾矿进行了闭路试验，为获得高品位的铌精矿，闭路试验增加了一次精选作业，闭路试验结果见表4，试验流程见图6。
对Nb2O5品位0.35%的浮锆尾矿进行浮选闭路试验，经一次粗选、二次扫选、五次精选，获得了Nb2O5品位26.87%、作业回收率88.31%、对原矿回收率80.86%的铌精矿。该工艺较好地实现了矿石中铌矿物的回收。
3　结论
收起
1）矿石中主要有价金属为铌，含铌矿物种类较多，主要以烧绿石、钡锶烧绿石和铌铁矿形式存在，部分烧绿石与铌铁矿嵌布粒度较细。主要脉石矿物为钠长石、钾长石、黑云母、高岭土。
2）原矿中的风化矿、磁铁矿、锆石矿石易干扰含铌矿物的浮选回收，因而在含铌矿石浮选前需进行脱泥、除铁、浮锆预处理，减少对后续含铌矿石浮选的干扰。
3）对含Nb2O50.34%的原矿，在磨细至－0.10 mm粒级占100%，经“脱泥-除铁-浮锆”预处理，在弱酸性条件下，以水玻璃+硫酸铝为组合抑制剂、硝酸铅为活化剂、GYX2为捕收剂，闭路试验取得了Nb2O5品位26.87%、对原矿回收率80.86%的铌精矿，实现了矿石中铌矿物的高效回收。
基金
收起
  • 广东省科学院专项资金项目(2022GDASZH-2022010104; 2023GDASZH-2023010104)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1908904)
文献
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.017
  • 接收时间：2025-02-18
  • 首发时间：2026-03-05
  • 出版时间：2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-18
基金
广东省科学院专项资金项目(2022GDASZH-2022010104; 2023GDASZH-2023010104)
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1908904)
作者信息
    1.广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所，广东　广州　510651
    2.稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室，广东　广州　510651
    3.广东省矿产资源开发与综合利用重点实验室，广东　广州　510651
    4.盛和资源（连云港）新材料科技有限公司，江苏　连云港　222042

通讯作者:

胡红喜（1985—），男，河南周口人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事选矿工艺研究。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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