Article(id=1236276116974006918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739116800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680795186, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680795186, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680795186, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680795186, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=137, endPage=140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276119297651418, articleId=1236276116974006918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Application of Oxidative Precipitation for Iron Removal in Refining Nickel Sulfate, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In an experiment, oxidative precipitation method was adopted to remove iron from crude nickel sulphate solution. With H2O2 or Cl2 as oxidant, Fe2+ in the solution was oxidized to Fe3+, and then Fe3+ was precipitated in the form of Fe(OH)3 and FeOOH by adjusting the pH of the solution. It is found that under the optimum conditions for iron removal with H2O2 as the oxidant, including H2O2 dosage of 3.84%, temperature of 75 ℃, pH of 4.5, dropping of H2O2 solution at a rate of 0.33 mL/min, and the aging time of 90 min, the removal rate of iron can reach 99.74%. Under the optimal conditions for iron precipitation with Cl2 as oxidant, including reaction temperature of 70 ℃, pH of 4.5, Cl2 injection time of 60 min and aging time of 90 min, the iron removal rate can reach 99.72%. It is shown that the solution after iron removal with H2O2 or Cl2 as an oxidant can have the iron content therein up to the class I standard (iron content no more than 0.000 5%) in GB/T 26524—2023 Refined Nickel Sulfates.

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采用氧化沉淀法除去粗硫酸镍溶液中的铁,以过氧化氢或氯气为氧化剂,将溶液中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,调节pH值使溶液中的Fe3+以Fe(OH)3和FeOOH形式沉淀。结果表明,以过氧化氢为氧化剂适宜的除铁条件为:过氧化氢用量3.84%、反应温度75 ℃、pH=4.5、H2O2溶液滴加速度0.33 mL/min、陈化时间90 min,在该条件下铁去除率达到99.74%;以氯气为氧化剂适宜的除铁条件为:反应温度70 ℃、pH=4.5、Cl2通气时间60 min、陈化时间90 min,在该条件下铁去除率达到99.72%。以过氧化氢或氯气为氧化剂除铁后溶液中铁含量均能达到GB/T 26524—2023精制硫酸镍I类标准的要求(铁质量分数不大于0.000 5%)。

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何贵香(1973—),女,湖南郴州人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金及资源回收利用。E-mail:
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蒋学先(1972—),男,广西平乐人,教授,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金及资源回收利用。E-mail:

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caption=反应温度对Fe、Ni沉淀率的影响, figureFileSmall=7zIJfebP4O0ojRP31jPi2g==, figureFileBig=fH0nsASwVgjPTIuFpQQWYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348229156131190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276116974006918, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chemical composition of crude nickel sulfate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NiFeCoCuZn
15.820.320.0790.190.93
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粗硫酸镍主要化学成分(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NiFeCoCuZn
15.820.320.0790.190.93
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Parallel testing of iron removal by H2O2 oxidation

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实验编号Ni沉淀率/%Fe沉淀率/%
19.0599.74
29.7099.74
39.4399.74
平均9.3999.74
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H2O2氧化除铁平行试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验编号Ni沉淀率/%Fe沉淀率/%
19.0599.74
29.7099.74
39.4399.74
平均9.3999.74
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Parallel testing of Cl2 oxidation for iron removal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验编号Ni沉淀率/%Fe沉淀率/%
110.8299.72
210.5199.72
310.2499.72
平均10.5299.72
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Cl2氧化除铁平行试验结果

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实验编号Ni沉淀率/%Fe沉淀率/%
110.8299.72
210.5199.72
310.2499.72
平均10.5299.72
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氧化沉淀法除铁在精制硫酸镍中的应用
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蒋学先 1, 2 , 王露森 1 , 朱文云 1 , 何贵香 1, 2 , 李中林 1 , 李源萍 2 , 何宗庆 3 , 黄彩红 3 , 杨永明 3 , 陈小兰 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025,45(4): 137-140
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025, 45(4): 137-140
氧化沉淀法除铁在精制硫酸镍中的应用
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蒋学先1, 2 , 王露森1, 朱文云1, 何贵香1, 2 , 李中林1, 李源萍2, 何宗庆3, 黄彩红3, 杨永明3, 陈小兰2
作者信息
  • 1.桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,广西 桂林 541004
  • 2.桂林理工大学南宁分校冶金与资源工程学院,广西 南宁 530001
  • 3.广西南国铜业有限责任公司,广西 扶绥 532301
  • 蒋学先(1972—),男,广西平乐人,教授,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金及资源回收利用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

何贵香(1973—),女,湖南郴州人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金及资源回收利用。E-mail:
Application of Oxidative Precipitation for Iron Removal in Refining Nickel Sulfate
Xuexian JIANG1, 2 , Lusen WANG1, Wenyun ZHU1, Guixiang HE1, 2 , Zhonglin LI1, Yuanping LI2, Zongqing HE3, Caihong HUANG3, Yongming YANG3, Xiaolan CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
  • 2.School of Metallurgy and Resource Engineering, Guilin University of Technology at Nanning, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
  • 3.Guangxi Nanguo Copper Co., Ltd., Fusui 532301, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.025
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采用氧化沉淀法除去粗硫酸镍溶液中的铁,以过氧化氢或氯气为氧化剂,将溶液中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,调节pH值使溶液中的Fe3+以Fe(OH)3和FeOOH形式沉淀。结果表明,以过氧化氢为氧化剂适宜的除铁条件为:过氧化氢用量3.84%、反应温度75 ℃、pH=4.5、H2O2溶液滴加速度0.33 mL/min、陈化时间90 min,在该条件下铁去除率达到99.74%;以氯气为氧化剂适宜的除铁条件为:反应温度70 ℃、pH=4.5、Cl2通气时间60 min、陈化时间90 min,在该条件下铁去除率达到99.72%。以过氧化氢或氯气为氧化剂除铁后溶液中铁含量均能达到GB/T 26524—2023精制硫酸镍I类标准的要求(铁质量分数不大于0.000 5%)。

硫酸镍  /  氧化除铁  /  过氧化氢氧化法  /  氯气氧化法

In an experiment, oxidative precipitation method was adopted to remove iron from crude nickel sulphate solution. With H2O2 or Cl2 as oxidant, Fe2+ in the solution was oxidized to Fe3+, and then Fe3+ was precipitated in the form of Fe(OH)3 and FeOOH by adjusting the pH of the solution. It is found that under the optimum conditions for iron removal with H2O2 as the oxidant, including H2O2 dosage of 3.84%, temperature of 75 ℃, pH of 4.5, dropping of H2O2 solution at a rate of 0.33 mL/min, and the aging time of 90 min, the removal rate of iron can reach 99.74%. Under the optimal conditions for iron precipitation with Cl2 as oxidant, including reaction temperature of 70 ℃, pH of 4.5, Cl2 injection time of 60 min and aging time of 90 min, the iron removal rate can reach 99.72%. It is shown that the solution after iron removal with H2O2 or Cl2 as an oxidant can have the iron content therein up to the class I standard (iron content no more than 0.000 5%) in GB/T 26524—2023 Refined Nickel Sulfates.

nickel sulfate  /  iron removal by oxidation  /  hydrogen peroxide oxidation  /  chlorine oxidation
蒋学先, 王露森, 朱文云, 何贵香, 李中林, 李源萍, 何宗庆, 黄彩红, 杨永明, 陈小兰. 氧化沉淀法除铁在精制硫酸镍中的应用. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 137 -140 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.025
Xuexian JIANG, Lusen WANG, Wenyun ZHU, Guixiang HE, Zhonglin LI, Yuanping LI, Zongqing HE, Caihong HUANG, Yongming YANG, Xiaolan CHEN. Application of Oxidative Precipitation for Iron Removal in Refining Nickel Sulfate[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 137 -140 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.025
硫酸镍在化工、冶金和电池等领域得到广泛应用[1-5]。近年来,随着电池材料行业需求迅速增加,作为镍系电池主要原材料的硫酸镍需求不断增加。硫酸镍作为电极材料时,其中含有的铁在充电过程中会发热和析氧,降低充电效率。目前工业上常用的除铁方法有氧化沉淀法、萃取法和电解法等。氧化沉淀法具有试剂成本低、工艺流程简单、能耗低等优势。使用氧化沉淀法除铁,能够极大地降低粗硫酸镍溶液中铁的含量,有利于后续粗硫酸镍精制与回收。本文采用氧化沉淀法除去粗硫酸镍溶液中的铁,以过氧化氢和氯气为氧化剂,探究氧化除铁的反应条件,在保证杂质铁去除率以及镍回收率的前提下,缩短原有除铁工艺流程,降低生产成本。
实验所用原料为铜电解液脱镍产生的粗硫酸镍,取自广西某铜业公司,其主要化学成分见表1
实验试剂包括浓硫酸、浓盐酸、氨水、高锰酸钾、氢氧化钠、30%过氧化氢等,均为分析纯试剂。
主要仪器包括集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器、蠕动泵驱动器、pH计、铂电极、参比电极、X射线荧光分析仪、电子天平等。
过氧化氢(H2O2)氧化除铁:通过向粗硫酸镍溶液中加入氧化剂H2O2,将溶液中的Fe2+氧化为Fe3+;调节溶液pH值,使Fe3+发生水解。Fe3+在水溶液中水解反应的实质是离子型化合物的阳离子(Fe3+)具有足够强的极化能力,在与水分子发生作用时使水分子中的O—H键断裂,然后Fe3+与OH基团结合,生成难溶物质Fe(OH)3。H2O2氧化法基本反应方程式为:
氯气(Cl2)氧化除铁:将Cl2通入粗硫酸镍溶液中,Cl2与水反应生成的HClO将Fe2+氧化成Fe3+进而沉淀,且在低酸性和低Fe3+浓度条件下,溶液中的Fe3+还能以FeOOH形式沉淀析出。Cl2氧化法的基本反应方程式为:
H2O2氧化除铁在自制装置中进行。在一个圆口玻璃器上方配有密封橡胶塞,橡胶塞上方设有4个孔,分别用于通气以及安装铂电极、参比电极、滴液管。将250 mL粗硫酸镍溶液加入自制容器中,加热并保温,用氨水调节溶液pH值至2.5~3.0;在30 min内向粗硫酸镍溶液匀速滴入30%H2O2溶液10 mL,均匀搅拌,确保反应过程中溶液电极电势不超过0.6 V。H2O2滴加完毕后停止搅拌,待溶液自然冷却至室温后,用氨水调节pH值,陈化一段时间,过滤。
Cl2氧化除铁在自制装置中进行。先将Cl2出气孔与进气孔相连接,将200 mL粗硫酸镍溶液加入Cl2氧化装置内,用氨水调节溶液pH值至2.5~3.0,加热并保温;将浓盐酸缓慢滴入高锰酸钾溶液中,生成Cl2并使Cl2进入粗硫酸镍溶液中,均匀搅拌,确保反应过程中溶液电极电势不超过0.6 V。通气结束后停止搅拌,待溶液自然冷却至室温后,用氨水调节pH值,陈化一段时间,过滤。
分析H2O2和Cl2氧化除铁后的滤液成分,并计算Ni和Fe沉淀率。
粗硫酸镍溶液初始pH值2.5~3.0、氧化温度65 ℃、氧化剂H2O2滴加速度0.33 mL/min、H2O2用量3.84%(相对溶液的体积分数)、陈化时间60 min,溶液pH值对Fe、Ni沉淀率的影响如图1所示。由图1可知,随着pH值不断升高,铁沉淀率先增大后变化平缓。pH值2.5时铁沉淀率较低,这是因为在较低的pH值条件下,溶液中Fe2+不易被氧化成Fe3+,而Fe2+不易水解且Fe(OH)2溶解度相对较高。pH值6.5时铁沉淀率较高,这是因为在较高pH值条件下,Fe2+较为容易被氧化成Fe3+,而Fe3+易于水解,能够形成溶解度相对较低的Fe(OH)3沉淀[6];但此时镍沉淀率也达到最高,为24.59%,这是因为pH值升高导致Ni2+水解,镍沉淀率增加[7]。pH值4.5时镍沉淀率不高,而铁沉淀率能达到98.61%。综合考虑镍的损失和铁的去除,适宜的溶液pH值为4.5。
沉铁溶液pH值4.5,其他条件不变,陈化时间对Fe、Ni沉淀率的影响如图2所示。由图2可知,陈化时间30~90 min,随着陈化时间延长,铁沉淀率逐渐增大。延长陈化时间能提高氧化剂与铁离子之间化学反应的完成度,从而提高铁沉淀率[8];延长陈化时间还能促进铁氧化物沉淀的生成和凝聚,进而提高铁沉淀率。陈化时间超过90 min后铁沉淀率变化不大,是因为溶液中的铁趋于全部沉淀。陈化时间90 min时,Ni沉淀率较低,铁沉淀率达到了97.84%。综合考虑铁的去除、镍的损失及时间成本,陈化时间90 min为宜。
陈化时间90 min,其他条件不变,考察了反应温度对Fe、Ni沉淀率的影响,结果见图3。由图3可知,随着反应温度升高,铁沉淀率一直保持在较高水平,Ni沉淀率也保持在一个相对较低的水平,说明升高温度对氧化剂的活性产生了积极影响。但反应温度超过75 ℃后,铁沉淀率随着温度上升有所下降,这是因为过高的温度导致H2O2分解,降低了其氧化能力[9]。适宜的反应温度为75 ℃,此时铁沉淀率为98.47%。
根据H2O2氧化法的单因素实验结果,粗硫酸镍溶液除铁的优化条件为:溶液初始pH值2.5~3.0、氧化剂H2O2滴加速度0.33 mL/min、H2O2用量3.84%、沉铁溶液pH值4.5、陈化时间90 min、反应温度75 ℃,此条件下进行了3组平行试验,结果见表2。结果表明,在适宜条件下,铁平均去除率为99.74%;蒸发结晶获得的硫酸镍达到了GB/T 26524—2023精制硫酸镍I类标准的要求(铁质量分数不大于0.000 5%),既可以去除杂质铁,又可以有效回收镍。
文献[10]以Cl2为氧化剂,对粗硫酸镍溶液进行氧化除铁,适宜的pH值为4.5~5.0。在该pH值范围内,铁去除率均能达到97%以上,但Ni损失率会随着pH值增大而增加。综合考虑铁的去除及镍的损失,最终选择pH值4.5进行Cl2氧化除铁实验。
粗硫酸镍溶液温度70 ℃、陈化60 min、pH值4.5条件下,通氯气时间对Fe、Ni沉淀率的影响如图4所示。由图4可知,15~60 min内,随着通氯气时间延长,Fe沉淀率上升。这是因为随着通氯气时间延长,更多的Fe2+与Cl2反应,使得Fe2+被氧化成Fe3+,Fe3+水解形成了更多的FeOOH沉淀[11]。通氯气时间超过60 min后,铁沉淀率随着通氯气时间延长无明显变化,此时溶液中的铁已经与氯气完全反应。适宜的通氯气时间为60 min。
通氯气时间60 min,其他条件不变,考察了陈化时间对Fe、Ni沉淀率的影响,结果如图5所示。由图5可知,陈化时间30~90 min,随着陈化时间延长,铁沉淀率逐渐增大;陈化时间超过90 min后,铁沉淀率无明显变化。这是因为在陈化的前90 min,随着陈化时间延长,溶液中更多Fe2+被Cl2氧化水解,铁沉淀率增加;陈化时间超过90 min后,沉淀物的生成和凝聚过程已接近完成,再延长陈化时间对除铁作用有限。适宜的陈化时间为90 min。
陈化时间90 min,其他条件不变,考察了反应温度对Fe、Ni沉淀率的影响,结果如图6所示。由图6可知,反应温度40~70 ℃时,随着反应温度升高,铁沉淀率显著增长,这是因为升高温度增加了分子的运动速度和碰撞频率,加速了氧化反应的进程,使得更多的Fe2+被Cl2氧化并水解生成沉淀。温度超过70 ℃后,过高的温度导致沉淀稳定性降低,铁沉淀率有所下降。综合考虑,适宜的反应温度为70 ℃。
根据Cl2氧化除铁法的单因素实验结果,氯气氧化法除铁的适宜条件为:Cl2通气时间60 min、陈化时间90 min、溶液pH值4.5、反应温度70 ℃,在该条件下进行了3组平行试验,结果见表3。结果表明,在适宜条件下,铁平均去除率为99.72%,镍平均损失率为10.52%。
1)以粗硫酸镍溶液为原料,以H2O2或Cl2为氧化剂,分别考察了pH值、氧化时间、陈化时间、反应温度对除铁的影响。结果表明:在反应温度75 ℃、溶液pH值4.5、H2O2溶液滴加速度0.33 mL/min、H2O2用量3.84%、陈化时间90 min条件下,H2O2氧化法除铁的铁去除率达到99.74%,镍损失率为9.39%;在反应温度70 ℃、溶液pH值4.5、Cl2通气时间60 min、陈化时间90 min条件下,Cl2氧化法除铁的铁去除率达到99.72%,镍损失率为10.52%。
2)H2O2和Cl2都能作为氧化剂有效除铁,但Cl2本身毒性较强,需要额外处理尾气,导致除铁成本上升,并增加了硫酸镍溶液中的杂质离子;使用Cl2氧化时,镍损失率也略高于使用H2O2。从经济效益、操作难度和环境保护的角度来看,选择H2O2作为粗硫酸镍溶液除铁的氧化剂更合适。
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22067077)
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AB21196046)
  • 崇左市科技计划项目(崇科20220601)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.025
  • 接收时间:2025-02-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10
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广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22067077)
广西科技重大专项(桂科AB21196046)
崇左市科技计划项目(崇科20220601)
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    1.桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,广西 桂林 541004
    2.桂林理工大学南宁分校冶金与资源工程学院,广西 南宁 530001
    3.广西南国铜业有限责任公司,广西 扶绥 532301

通讯作者:

何贵香(1973—),女,湖南郴州人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为有色金属冶金及资源回收利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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