Article(id=1236276114876854750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680794686, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680794686, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680794686, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680794686, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276115665383953, articleId=1236276114876854750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Fracture Characteristics of Rocks with Bent Cracks Under Saturated Conditions, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the fracture characteristics of rocks with bent cracks under saturated condition, uniaxial compression tests were conducted for rock specimen with different inclination degrees and numbers of crack bends under saturated conditions to study load-displacement curves, peak strength, acoustic emission characteristics, crack initiation modes, and penetration modes of the rock specimen. The results show that the load-displacement curve of saturated rock specimen with bent cracks presents one-peak or double-peak shape, with peak strength increasing after an initial decreasing as the crack inclination angle becomes larger. The acoustic emission signals become stronger as the crack inclination angle becomes larger and the number of crack bends increases. Cracks mainly initiate at the tip and bends, and mainly penetrate directly or run without penetration.

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为探究饱水状态下含弯折裂纹岩石断裂特征,对含不同裂纹倾角和裂纹弯折数的岩石试样进行了饱水状态下的单轴压缩试验,研究岩石试样的载荷-位移曲线、峰值强度、声发射特征、起裂模式和贯通模式。结果表明,含弯折裂纹饱水岩石试样的载荷-位移曲线呈现“单峰型”和“双峰型”;其峰值强度随着裂纹倾角增大先减小后增大;声发射信号随着弯折裂纹倾角和弯折数增大而增加;裂纹起裂模式主要包括裂纹尖端起裂和裂纹弯折点起裂;裂纹贯通模式主要包括直接贯通和无贯通。

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刘泽霖(1995—),男,贵州织金人,博士,主要从事岩土体物理特性及工程应用研究。E-mail:
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马燕(1994—),女,山西长治人,博士,讲师,主要从事多场耦合岩石力学、压缩空气储能洞室研究。E-mail:

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马燕(1994—),女,山西长治人,博士,讲师,主要从事多场耦合岩石力学、压缩空气储能洞室研究。E-mail:

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马燕(1994—),女,山西长治人,博士,讲师,主要从事多场耦合岩石力学、压缩空气储能洞室研究。E-mail:

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Gold Science and Technology, 2019, 27(3): 398-405., articleTitle=Experimental study of rock-like material with zigzag fracture under uniaxial compression, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236348231588827671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, awardId=52408433, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52408433), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236348231681102365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, awardId=202403021212152; 202203021212303, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划(202403021212152; 202203021212303), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236348231764988450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, awardId=2024L257, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2024L257), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236348225280593996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348225288982606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, companyId=1236348225280593996, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Applied Sciences, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348225301565521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, companyId=1236348225280593996, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.太原科技大学 应用科学学院,山西 太原 030024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236348225393840217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348225406423131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, companyId=1236348225393840217, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348225414811741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, companyId=1236348225393840217, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236348229030302058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Test specimen, figureFileSmall=aGUOwiW3S9QZx1sEZMjRgQ==, figureFileBig=z0fxPqoerYraO/FxLO6ehQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348229147742578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试验试样

(a)示意图;(b)实物图

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(a)W-15;(b)W-6

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(a)W-6;(b)W-15

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(a)W-15-6;(b)W-45-6;(c)W-15-8

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(a)W-6;(b)W-15

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(a)裂纹尖端起裂;(b)裂纹弯折点起裂

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(a)无贯通模式;(b)直接贯通模式

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Geometric parameters of rock specimen with bend cracks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组号试样编号β/(°)nl/mm
W-15W-15-215214.43
W-15-41547.22
W-15-61564.81
W-15-81583.61
W-15-∞1550.00
W-6W-15-61564.81
W-30-63064.81
W-45-64564.81
W-60-66064.81
W-75-67564.81
), ArticleFig(id=1236348231370723850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114876854750, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

含弯折裂纹岩石试样的几何参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组号试样编号β/(°)nl/mm
W-15W-15-215214.43
W-15-41547.22
W-15-61564.81
W-15-81583.61
W-15-∞1550.00
W-6W-15-61564.81
W-30-63064.81
W-45-64564.81
W-60-66064.81
W-75-67564.81
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饱水状态下含弯折裂纹岩石断裂特征试验研究
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马燕 1, 2 , 刘泽霖 2 , 王则 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(4): 22-27
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(4): 22-27
饱水状态下含弯折裂纹岩石断裂特征试验研究
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马燕1, 2 , 刘泽霖2 , 王则1
作者信息
  • 1.太原科技大学 应用科学学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 2.中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075
  • 马燕(1994—),女,山西长治人,博士,讲师,主要从事多场耦合岩石力学、压缩空气储能洞室研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘泽霖(1995—),男,贵州织金人,博士,主要从事岩土体物理特性及工程应用研究。E-mail:
Experimental Study on Fracture Characteristics of Rocks with Bent Cracks Under Saturated Conditions
Yan MA1, 2 , Zelin LIU2 , Ze WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Applied Sciences, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.004
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为探究饱水状态下含弯折裂纹岩石断裂特征,对含不同裂纹倾角和裂纹弯折数的岩石试样进行了饱水状态下的单轴压缩试验,研究岩石试样的载荷-位移曲线、峰值强度、声发射特征、起裂模式和贯通模式。结果表明,含弯折裂纹饱水岩石试样的载荷-位移曲线呈现“单峰型”和“双峰型”;其峰值强度随着裂纹倾角增大先减小后增大;声发射信号随着弯折裂纹倾角和弯折数增大而增加;裂纹起裂模式主要包括裂纹尖端起裂和裂纹弯折点起裂;裂纹贯通模式主要包括直接贯通和无贯通。

岩石力学  /  砂岩  /  断裂特征  /  饱水状态  /  弯折裂纹  /  起裂模式  /  贯通模式

To investigate the fracture characteristics of rocks with bent cracks under saturated condition, uniaxial compression tests were conducted for rock specimen with different inclination degrees and numbers of crack bends under saturated conditions to study load-displacement curves, peak strength, acoustic emission characteristics, crack initiation modes, and penetration modes of the rock specimen. The results show that the load-displacement curve of saturated rock specimen with bent cracks presents one-peak or double-peak shape, with peak strength increasing after an initial decreasing as the crack inclination angle becomes larger. The acoustic emission signals become stronger as the crack inclination angle becomes larger and the number of crack bends increases. Cracks mainly initiate at the tip and bends, and mainly penetrate directly or run without penetration.

rock mechanics  /  sandstone  /  fracture characteristics  /  saturated condition  /  bent crack  /  initiation mode  /  penetration mode
马燕, 刘泽霖, 王则. 饱水状态下含弯折裂纹岩石断裂特征试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 22 -27 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.004
Yan MA, Zelin LIU, Ze WANG. Experimental Study on Fracture Characteristics of Rocks with Bent Cracks Under Saturated Conditions[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 22 -27 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.004
在采矿、压缩空气储能及油气开采开发等工程领域中,工程岩体的稳定性至关重要[1-3]。然而,地下岩体的黏土矿物、泥质和钙质胶结在地下水作用下会弱化或溶解,导致岩体强度和刚度下降[4-6]。岩体中含有天然裂纹,在内外力作用下会发生裂纹扩展、贯通甚至引发岩体破坏,进而诱发工程事故[7-8]。因此有必要开展饱水状态下岩石断裂特征研究,为地下工程安全稳定性设计提供依据。
以往饱水状态下岩石断裂特征研究主要集中于完整岩石和含直裂纹岩石,然而天然岩体中可能出现弯折裂纹,且裂纹的弯折程度对岩石峰值强度的影响不可忽视[9],因此有必要开展饱水状态下含弯折裂纹岩石断裂特征研究。
本文利用岩石力学试验机、声发射系统及DIC系统,对含不同裂纹倾角和裂纹弯折数的弯折裂纹岩石试样进行单轴压缩试验,拟从载荷-位移曲线、峰值应力、声发射信号特征、起裂模式和贯通模式等方面研究饱水状态下含弯折裂纹岩石的断裂特征,为地下岩体工程的安全稳定性分析提供参考。
采用产自山东的砂岩进行单轴压缩试验,试样尺寸100 mm×100 mm×20 mm,水平度和垂直度满足工程岩体试验方法标准(GB/T 50266—2013)。在试样中心,采用水刀切割预制了宽度1 mm、不同倾角β和弯折数n的弯折穿透裂纹,试验试样如图1所示。试样参数如表1所示,其中l为弯折段裂纹长度。n=∞时,弯折裂纹可以近似视为直裂纹。为了确保试验结果的准确性,每种类型试样重复3次试验。
单轴压缩试验装置包括MTS815试验机、PCI-2声发射系统和DIC系统。其中,加载模式为位移加载,加载速率0.12 mm/min;声发射系统由固定在试样裂纹两侧的2个声发射探头、2个阈值为40 dB的前置放大器、1套数据处理系统组成;DIC系统由CCD相机、2个光源和2台计算机组成,散斑照片的采集速率为10张/s。
试验前,先将岩石试样以每隔6 h淹没试样高度的1/4、1/2、3/4和完全浸没的方式在水中浸泡48 h,以确保岩石中的所有孔隙都处于饱水状态;其次,在试样表面喷涂白色哑光底漆后均匀喷涂黑色点状哑光漆,以满足DIC散斑计算的成像要求。试验中,同步记录轴向力、位移、声发射信号及散斑照片。试验结束后,记录弯折裂纹起裂、扩展及断裂轨迹,并分析试验数据。
图2为饱水状态下含不同裂纹倾角和裂纹弯折数岩石试样的载荷-位移曲线。从图2可以看出,曲线主要分为两种类型:单峰型曲线(实线型)和多峰型曲线(虚线型)。
以试样W-15-6为例,单峰型曲线主要包括四阶段:压密阶段,该阶段岩石内部孔隙被压密,尚未产生裂纹;弹性阶段,该阶段载荷-位移曲线接近于直线,开始出现新裂纹;塑性变形阶段,该阶段裂纹发生扩展和贯通;破坏阶段,该阶段裂纹不断扩展和贯通直到试样最终破坏。
以试样W-15-8为例,多峰型曲线与单峰型曲线相同的是均包括压密阶段、弹性阶段、塑性变形阶段,不同的是多峰型曲线包括脆性跌落段(次裂纹发生扩展)和残余应力阶段(裂纹失效)两部分。这主要是裂纹开始失稳扩展时,应力释放导致曲线出现脆性跌落段。出现多峰型曲线的试样在轴压作用下,裂纹被进一步压实,裂纹面产生较大的摩擦效应,会延缓裂纹失稳扩展进程,从而使试样恢复部分承载能力,表现为载荷-位移曲线的残余应力阶段。
试验试样多呈现单峰型曲线,仅试样W-15-8和试样W-45-6呈现多峰型曲线。由此可见,当裂纹弯折数较大时,载荷-位移曲线易呈现多峰型曲线。
为对比分析饱水状态与自然状态下试样载荷-位移曲线,采用裂纹倾角β=15°、裂纹弯折数n=2的长方体试样(D-15-2)开展了自然状态下的单轴压缩试验,并与饱水状态下试样W-15-2进行对比,结果如图3所示。由图3可知,试样W-15-2压密阶段(oa段)的曲线较试样D-15-2平缓,这是因为水填充了岩石内部孔隙,延缓了孔隙被压密的过程;弹性阶段(ab段)试样W-15-2曲线斜率较试样D-15-2更小,这是因为水促进了裂纹尖端应力集中,加速了微裂纹聚集,导致新裂纹更易起裂,刚度降低;塑形变形阶段两者曲线变化趋势较为接近;破坏阶段(ce段)试样W-15-2曲线呈现不断扩展和贯通,直到试样最终破坏,而试样D-15-2曲线(c′f′段)呈现残余应力,这可能是因为自然状态下试样的裂纹在轴压作用下被进一步压实,裂纹面较饱水状态下的试样裂纹面产生更大的摩擦效应,延缓了裂纹失稳扩展进程,表现出残余应力。
图4为饱水试样峰值强度。饱水状态下试样峰值强度随着裂纹倾角增大先减小后增大,β=30°时,试样峰值强度最小。裂纹弯折数n≤8时,试样峰值强度随着裂纹弯折数的增大呈现上下波动变化。n=2、6时,试样峰值强度出现波谷,这是因为此时新裂纹起裂点呈现对称分布。n=4、8时,试样峰值强度出现波峰,这是因为此时新裂纹呈非对称分布,而非对称的新裂纹由于应力集中而优先沿最薄弱路径快速贯通直至最后破坏,试样强度降低。n=8~∞时,试样峰值强度基本保持不变。
图5为部分饱水试样声发射特征曲线(以单峰型载荷-位移曲线试样W-15-6和多峰型载荷-位移曲线试样W-45-6、W-15-8为例)。以W-15-6试样为例,声发射累计计数曲线大致分为三个阶段:阶段I,缓慢增长阶段(OA段,对应载荷-位移曲线中的压密阶段),该阶段由于岩石中的微裂纹被逐渐压实,而只产生微弱的声发射信号;阶段II,稳定阶段(AB段,对应载荷-位移曲线中的弹性阶段),该阶段岩石主要发生弹性变形,声发射计数相对稳定;阶段III,急剧增加阶段(BC段,对应单峰型载荷-位移曲线中的塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段,或多峰型载荷-位移曲线中的塑性变形阶段、脆性跌落段及残余应力阶段),该阶段弯折裂纹发生起裂-扩展-贯通直至岩石试样破坏,其峰值应力处呈现明显的更强的声发射计数活动性(图中圆圈处),声发射计数突然增加,导致声发射累计计数曲线急剧上升。
试样W-45-6和试样W-15-8载荷-位移曲线呈现多峰型,出现多次应力跌落,即试样发生裂纹扩展后,在单轴压缩下,试样会进一步被压密,呈现更高的承载力,因此,声发射计数呈现多次突然增加现象。
弯折裂纹倾角越大,声发射信号越明显,这可能是因为岩石抗裂承载力随着裂纹倾角增大而增大,从而产生更多的损伤及微裂纹。裂纹弯折数越多,声发射信号越明显,这可能是因为裂纹弯折数越多,裂纹弯折点处更容易出现应力集中,从而产生更多损伤和新裂纹,导致声发射信号明显增多。
图6为饱水试样在裂纹初始阶段、起裂阶段、扩展阶段和破坏阶段的yy方向应变云图。
图6可知,弯折裂纹的起裂点主要集中在裂纹尖端、裂纹弯折点。弯折裂纹起裂点如图7所示,这主要是因为裂纹尖端的应力奇异性和裂纹弯折点处几何不连续性而引发应力集中。
裂纹起裂模式主要包括拉伸模式和剪切模式,如图8所示。
图6可知,裂纹弯折数n=6时,裂纹倾角15°、30°、45°、60°的试样均以拉伸模式发生起裂,β=75°的试样以剪切模式发生起裂。
裂纹倾角β=15°时,裂纹弯折数n=∞的试样由于裂纹加工圆孔产生了应力集中而发生起裂,而后在裂纹尖端以剪切模式发生起裂,裂纹弯折数n=2、4、6、8的试样均以拉伸模式发生起裂。
随着裂纹弯折数增加,裂纹起裂模式由剪切转变为拉伸;随着裂纹倾角增大,裂纹起裂模式由拉伸转变为剪切,这是因为裂纹面上剪切应力随着裂纹倾角增大而逐渐增大,而对于弯折裂纹,弯折点处的应力集中提升了局部剪切应力,促进了剪切裂纹的产生。
饱水状态下试样弯折裂纹贯通模式主要包括无贯通模式和直接贯通模式,如图9所示。
裂纹弯折数n=6时,裂纹倾角15°、30°、45°、60°的试样,新裂纹以拉伸模式起裂后分别逐渐扩展至试样顶部和底部,导致试样破坏,试验过程中裂纹未发生贯通,属于无贯通模式;β=75°的试样,新裂纹以剪切模式发生起裂,而后扩展与原裂纹贯通,形成直接贯通模式。
裂纹倾角β=15°时,不同裂纹弯折数的试样试验过程中新裂纹均未发生贯通,属于无贯通模式。
由此可见,裂纹弯折数对裂纹贯通模式几乎无影响,而随着裂纹倾角增大,裂纹贯通模式由无贯通模式转换为直接贯通模式,这是因为随着裂纹倾角增大,新裂纹由拉伸裂纹转变为剪切裂纹,而后与原裂纹面形成直接贯通。
1)饱水状态下弯折裂纹岩石试样的单轴压缩载荷-位移曲线呈现“单峰型”和“双峰型”,其中大多数为“单峰型”。
2)饱水试样峰值强度随着裂纹倾角增大先减小后增大,β=30°时,峰值强度最小。在相同裂纹倾角、裂纹弯折数小于等于8的条件下,峰值应力随着裂纹弯折数增加呈上下波动变化,裂纹弯折数为8~∞时,峰值强度基本保持不变。
3)饱水状态下弯折裂纹岩石,声发射信号随着弯折裂纹倾角和弯折数增大而明显增大。
4)饱水状态下弯折裂纹起裂点主要包括裂纹尖端起裂和裂纹弯折点起裂;裂纹贯通模式主要包括直接贯通和无贯通。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52408433)
  • 山西省基础研究计划(202403021212152; 202203021212303)
  • 山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2024L257)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.004
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24
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国家自然科学基金(52408433)
山西省基础研究计划(202403021212152; 202203021212303)
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2024L257)
作者信息
    1.太原科技大学 应用科学学院,山西 太原 030024
    2.中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075

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刘泽霖(1995—),男,贵州织金人,博士,主要从事岩土体物理特性及工程应用研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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