Article(id=1236276114398704062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738857600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680794571, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680794571, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680794571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680794571, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=126, endPage=129, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276115103347178, articleId=1236276114398704062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Recovery of Scandium from Red Mud in Guizhou, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the red mud from Guizhou as raw material, an experiment was carried out by adopting a process of low-temperature acidification roasting followed by water leaching to recover scandium, and effects of factors, including sulfuric acid dosage, temperature and time for roasting process, liquid-solid ratio of leaching solution, leaching temperature and time, on scandium leaching rate were investigated. It is shown that after 4 h-roasting at 200 ℃ with sulfuric acid and raw ore in a mass ratio of 1∶1, and then 4 h-leaching at 80 ℃ with leaching solution and solid in a mass ratio of 6∶1, the leaching rate of scandium can be finally up to 89.10%.

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以贵州某地赤泥为原料,采用低温酸化焙烧-水浸法,考察了焙烧硫酸用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸出液固比(质量比)、浸出温度、浸出时间等因素对钪浸出率的影响。结果表明:在硫酸与原矿质量比1∶1、焙烧温度200 ℃、焙烧时间4 h、浸出液固比6∶1、浸出温度80 ℃、浸出时间4 h条件下,钪浸出率达到89.10%。

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黄苑龄(1988—),女,江西都昌人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为矿物资源利用。E-mail:

, authorsList=黄苑龄, 邓强)}, authors=[Author(id=1236348224307516375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114398704062, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=244539343@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236348224466899946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114398704062, authorId=1236348224307516375, language=EN, stringName=Yuanling HUANG, firstName=Yuanling, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1.Guizhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Exploration of Strategic Minerals, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China
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黄苑龄(1988—),女,江西都昌人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为矿物资源利用。E-mail:

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黄苑龄(1988—),女,江西都昌人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为矿物资源利用。E-mail:

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Keyword(id=1236348226362724510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114398704062, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=回收利用), Keyword(id=1236348226530496683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114398704062, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=水浸)], refs=[Reference(id=1236348229256794494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114398704062, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=235, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=叶鑫, 赵爱春, 刘宸嘉, journalName=湿法冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶鑫, 赵爱春, 刘宸嘉, 等. 赤泥中有价金属的回收工艺研究进展[J]. 湿法冶金, 2023, 42(3): 229-235., articleTitle=赤泥中有价金属的回收工艺研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236348229370040717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114398704062, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=229, 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figureFileBig=CVzeLU7hcdLBAoUCvx3foQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348228346630450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114398704062, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chemical composition of red mud

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Al2O3Fe2O3SiO2CaONa2OSc2O3TiO2
22.9016.5212.8815.416.730.009 87.68
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赤泥主要化学成分(质量分数)

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Al2O3Fe2O3SiO2CaONa2OSc2O3TiO2
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贵州某地赤泥中钪的回收试验研究
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黄苑龄 1, 2, 3, 4 , 邓强 1, 2, 3, 4
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025,45(4): 126-129
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025, 45(4): 126-129
贵州某地赤泥中钪的回收试验研究
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黄苑龄1, 2, 3, 4 , 邓强1, 2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.贵州省战略矿产智慧勘查重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550003
  • 2.贵州省地质矿产中心实验室,贵州 贵阳 550003
  • 3.贵州省贵金属矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心,贵州 贵阳 550003
  • 4.自然资源部基岩区矿产资源勘查工程技术创新中心,贵州 贵阳 550003
  • 黄苑龄(1988—),女,江西都昌人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为矿物资源利用。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Recovery of Scandium from Red Mud in Guizhou
Yuanling HUANG1, 2, 3, 4 , Qiang DENG1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.Guizhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Exploration of Strategic Minerals, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China
  • 2.Guizhou General Laboratory of Geology and Mineral Resources, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China
  • 3.Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Precious Metals and Mineral Resources, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China
  • 4.Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Mineral Resources Exploration in Bedrock Zones, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.023
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以贵州某地赤泥为原料,采用低温酸化焙烧-水浸法,考察了焙烧硫酸用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸出液固比(质量比)、浸出温度、浸出时间等因素对钪浸出率的影响。结果表明:在硫酸与原矿质量比1∶1、焙烧温度200 ℃、焙烧时间4 h、浸出液固比6∶1、浸出温度80 ℃、浸出时间4 h条件下,钪浸出率达到89.10%。

钪  /  赤泥  /  酸化焙烧  /  回收利用  /  水浸

With the red mud from Guizhou as raw material, an experiment was carried out by adopting a process of low-temperature acidification roasting followed by water leaching to recover scandium, and effects of factors, including sulfuric acid dosage, temperature and time for roasting process, liquid-solid ratio of leaching solution, leaching temperature and time, on scandium leaching rate were investigated. It is shown that after 4 h-roasting at 200 ℃ with sulfuric acid and raw ore in a mass ratio of 1∶1, and then 4 h-leaching at 80 ℃ with leaching solution and solid in a mass ratio of 6∶1, the leaching rate of scandium can be finally up to 89.10%.

scandium  /  red mud  /  acidification roasting  /  recycle  /  water leaching
黄苑龄, 邓强. 贵州某地赤泥中钪的回收试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 126 -129 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.023
Yuanling HUANG, Qiang DENG. Experimental Study on Recovery of Scandium from Red Mud in Guizhou[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 126 -129 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.023
钪是一种地球上分布极为分散的稀土元素,钪化合物及金属钪具有优异的化学性能和机械性能,广泛应用于核能、陶瓷材料、电池、农业等领域[1-2]。钪钇石是主要的含钪矿物,地球上极稀少。铝土矿中常伴生钪,且在铝土矿生产氧化铝的过程中富集于赤泥中[3-4]。大部分赤泥通过堆存处理,不仅占用了土地资源,还污染土壤、水和空气,造成严重的环境污染。赤泥中含有大量有价金属,如果能对赤泥进行有效回收利用,不仅能缓解赤泥堆放带来的环境问题,而且可以实现废弃资源充分开发利用,所以从赤泥中有效回收钪具有十分重要的意义[5]
综合前人研究,火法工艺处理赤泥相对成熟。火法工艺通过添加还原剂、添加剂,对赤泥进行还原焙烧,焙烧温度1 000~1 400 ℃,能耗大[6]。湿法冶金工艺多以盐酸、硫酸、磷酸等常规酸直接浸出,但酸耗量较高,有价元素回收率不高,无法保证经济效益[7-10]。铝土矿为贵州省优势矿产,研发赤泥综合利用技术及减排技术,降低工艺能耗及经济成本,对落实贵州省“富矿精开”战略部署、实现特色资源优势转化为经济优势具有重要意义[11-12]。本文以贵州某地赤泥为原料,采用低温酸化焙烧-水浸的方法,开展回收钪的试验研究,在低能耗、低酸耗的同时保证钪浸出率,可为该地赤泥中钪的提取提供依据。
试验所用原料为贵州某氧化铝厂赤泥,其主要化学成分如表1所示。
该地赤泥主要化学成分为Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、CaO、TiO2,主要矿物为赤铁矿、铝硅酸盐矿物等,其中有价元素钪主要以类质同象形式存在。
硫酸具有强酸性和强氧化性,不同种类硫酸盐分解温度不一样,相应的稳定性也不同。一般来说,温度越高,硫酸盐越不稳定,容易分解为氧化物。利用不同种类硫酸盐稳定性的差异,通过控制焙烧温度,使需要提取的有价金属转变成可溶性的硫酸盐后,采取水浸的方式,将金属硫酸盐直接溶解于溶液中,达到回收的目的。
试验中使用的硫酸为分析纯试剂。试验仪器包括电子天平、高温箱式电阻炉、智能磁力搅拌器、循环水式真空泵、电热鼓风干燥箱、三头研磨机等。
将赤泥放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥;干燥后取出冷却,进行研磨。使用电子天平称取50.0 g研磨好的赤泥试样,放入聚四氟乙烯罐中,往罐中缓慢加入98%浓硫酸,同时进行搅拌,将浓硫酸与赤泥混合均匀后放入马弗炉内焙烧,焙烧结束后自然冷却,焙砂用自来水恒温浸出。浸出结束后,用真空过滤机过滤、洗涤。固体渣在鼓风干燥箱中干燥后,称重并检测钪含量,数据处理后计算钪浸出率。
利用硫酸的强酸性和强氧化性,破坏原矿中类质同象的目的金属矿物晶格,使金属离子与硫酸根离子结合,形成可溶于水的硫酸盐。焙烧温度180 ℃、焙烧时间3 h、浸出温度40 ℃、浸出时间1 h、液固比(质量比,下同)10∶1,硫酸用量对钪浸出率的影响见图1。由图1可知,钪浸出率随着硫酸用量增加明显升高。这是因为随着硫酸用量增加,赤泥中大部分氧化物都转化为硫酸盐,同时赤泥中某些元素会与硫酸优先反应,有些元素不受添加量的影响,随着硫酸用量增加,反应进一步充分、完全。综合考虑,适宜的硫酸用量为硫酸与原矿质量比1∶1。
硫酸与原矿质量比1∶1,其他条件不变,考察了焙烧温度对钪浸出率的影响,结果见图2。由图2可知,钪浸出率在焙烧温度200 ℃时达到峰值,随后略有回落。这是由于焙烧温度升高,分子热运动加快,反应速率增大。随着焙烧温度升高,140~200 ℃范围内钪浸出率明显升高,说明在此温度范围内大部分氧化物都已经转化为各自的硫酸盐,依据不同硫酸盐的溶解度差异进入溶液中。综合考虑,适宜的焙烧温度为200 ℃。
焙烧温度200 ℃,其他条件不变,考察了焙烧时间对钪浸出率的影响,结果见图3。由图3可知,焙烧时间从2 h增加到4 h,浸出率明显升高;焙烧时间从4 h增加到6 h,钪浸出率稍有下降;焙烧时间8 h时,钪浸出率明显下降。说明在焙烧4 h内,氧化物转化为硫酸盐的反应在逐步发生,浸出率升高;随着焙烧时间继续增加,生成的新物质包裹了部分钪离子,导致钪浸出率降低。综合考虑,焙烧时间4 h为宜。
焙烧时间4 h,其他条件不变,考察了浸出液固比对钪浸出率的影响,结果见图4。由图4可知,随着浸出液固比增加,钪浸出率先快速增加后趋于稳定。这是由于赤泥中硅酸盐矿物较多,且粒度极细,在液固比较低时出现搅拌凝固的情况,反应中生成的硅酸物形成凝胶状,使得浸出渣呈果冻状,固液分离不佳,提高液固比可以降低矿浆浓度,促进离子进入溶液,使得反应更充分,浸出率增大。综合考虑,浸出液固比6∶1为宜。
浸出液固比6∶1,其他条件不变,考察了浸出温度对钪浸出率的影响,结果见图5。由图5可知,随着浸出温度升高,钪浸出率先大幅增加后缓慢增加再趋于稳定。这是由于浸出温度升高,加速了表面化学反应和溶液内粒子的运动速率,同时温度升高会使反应流动阻力减小,钪浸出率增大。但试验操作中,浸出温度100 ℃时溶液沸腾剧烈,导致试验操作困难且浸出率无法继续升高。综合考虑,浸出温度80 ℃为宜。
浸出温度80 ℃,其他条件不变,考察了浸出时间对赤泥中钪浸出率的影响,结果见图6。由图6可知,随着浸出时间增加,钪浸出率先明显增加后趋于稳定。浸出时间越长,钪浸出反应越充分,但原样品赤泥中硅酸盐矿物含量较高,浸出后进入液体,长时间浸出容易形成胶体,导致部分钪离子被胶体吸附,使得浸出率难以继续提升。综合考虑,浸出时间4 h为宜。
单因素条件试验得到适宜的试验条件为:硫酸与原矿质量比1∶1,焙烧温度200 ℃,焙烧时间4 h,浸出液固比6∶1,浸出温度80 ℃,浸出时间4 h。在该条件下,进行了3组平行试验,钪浸出率分别为89.22%、89.07%、89.01%,平均浸出率为89.10%,试验可重复性好。
通过低温酸化焙烧-水浸法回收贵州某地赤泥中有价元素钪,详细考察了焙烧硫酸用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸出液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间等影响因素对钪浸出率的影响,确定适宜的试验条件为:硫酸与原矿质量比1∶1,焙烧温度200 ℃,焙烧时间4 h,浸出液固比6∶1,浸出温度80 ℃,浸出时间4 h。该条件下获得了钪浸出率89.10%的良好指标。
  • 黔科合支撑([2023]一般174)
  • 黔科合基础(MS〔2025〕014)
  • 黔科合人才(CXTD〔2025〕016)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.023
  • 接收时间:2025-02-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07
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黔科合支撑([2023]一般174)
黔科合基础(MS〔2025〕014)
黔科合人才(CXTD〔2025〕016)
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    1.贵州省战略矿产智慧勘查重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550003
    2.贵州省地质矿产中心实验室,贵州 贵阳 550003
    3.贵州省贵金属矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心,贵州 贵阳 550003
    4.自然资源部基岩区矿产资源勘查工程技术创新中心,贵州 贵阳 550003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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