Article(id=1236276114260283694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740758400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680794539, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680794539, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680794539, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680794539, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=196, endPage=200, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276114839097694, articleId=1236276114260283694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Two-Way Empowerment of Low-Altitude Economy and Mining and Metallurgical Engineering:Coupling Mechanism of Technology Chain and Talent Chain, columnId=1236276114683908427, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=BUSINESS ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A discussion on collaborative development of low-altitude economy (LAE) and mining & metallurgical engineering (MME), as well as the two-way empowerment mechanism is presented. Low-altitude technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL), can be used to reshape MME, while MME can provide core materials for low-altitude aircraft. However, the collaboration between them is limited by disciplinary barriers and talent gaps, so it is necessary to build a dual system of “technology chain-talent chain”. This can be achieved by adding interdisciplinary courses, establishing actual flight certification bases in mining areas, promoting integration of relevant qualification certifications, and accelerating incubation of key technologies based on low-altitude economic industrial parks. These measures can break down discipline barriers, shorten the cycle of technology transformation, and provide support for the in-depth integration and collaborative development of LAE and MME.

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针对低空经济与矿冶工程协同发展、双向赋能机制进行了探讨。低空技术通过无人机、电动垂直起降飞行器(eVTOL)等载体重塑矿冶工程,同时矿冶工程为低空飞行器提供核心材料支撑;二者协同受限于学科壁垒与人才断层,需构建“技术链-人才链”双螺旋体系,通过增设交叉课程,建立矿区实飞认证基地,推动相关资格认证融合,并依托低空经济产业园加速关键技术孵化,打破学科壁垒,缩短技术转化周期,为低空经济与矿冶工程的深度融合及协同发展提供支撑。

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贺跃光(1966—),男,湖南桃江人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山地表变形监测。E-mail:
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徐鹏(1978—),男,江西南昌人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为地理信息系统。E-mail:

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徐鹏(1978—),男,江西南昌人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为地理信息系统。E-mail:

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徐鹏(1978—),男,江西南昌人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为地理信息系统。E-mail:

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Dual drive of policy and industry

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层面关键举措技术链支撑案例
政策设立矿区临时空域审批“一站式通道”开通高校教学飞行绿色空域
产业创建低空经济产业园(集成研发-中试-交易)孵化固态电池负极材料产线
国际共建深地-低空开发课程引入美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)矿区空管标准
), ArticleFig(id=1236348223913251747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114260283694, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

政策与产业双轮驱动

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层面关键举措技术链支撑案例
政策设立矿区临时空域审批“一站式通道”开通高校教学飞行绿色空域
产业创建低空经济产业园(集成研发-中试-交易)孵化固态电池负极材料产线
国际共建深地-低空开发课程引入美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)矿区空管标准
), ArticleFig(id=1236348224018109358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114260283694, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of capability training in traditional mining and metallurgical engineering and its integration with low-altitude economy

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能力维度传统矿冶工程领域的培养重点矿冶工程与低空经济融合领域的培养重点
技术知识地质勘探、采矿方法、矿物加工无人机遥感解译、空域规划、航空材料冶金
工具技能地质锤、罗盘、爆破设计软件无人机航线规划、三维建模
认证要求矿山安全工程师资格CAAC无人机操控员执照+矿山安全双认证
应用场景井下开采、选矿厂设计矿区实景建模、低空物流网络优化、尾矿库生态监测
), ArticleFig(id=1236348224143938494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276114260283694, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

传统矿冶工程领域及其与低空经济融合领域的能力维度培养对比

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能力维度传统矿冶工程领域的培养重点矿冶工程与低空经济融合领域的培养重点
技术知识地质勘探、采矿方法、矿物加工无人机遥感解译、空域规划、航空材料冶金
工具技能地质锤、罗盘、爆破设计软件无人机航线规划、三维建模
认证要求矿山安全工程师资格CAAC无人机操控员执照+矿山安全双认证
应用场景井下开采、选矿厂设计矿区实景建模、低空物流网络优化、尾矿库生态监测
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低空经济与矿冶工程双向赋能——技术链和人才链耦合机制研究
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徐鹏 , 贺跃光
矿冶工程杂志 | 企业经济与管理 2025,45(4): 196-200
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矿冶工程杂志 | 企业经济与管理 2025, 45(4): 196-200
低空经济与矿冶工程双向赋能——技术链和人才链耦合机制研究
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徐鹏 , 贺跃光
作者信息
  • 长沙理工大学 航空工程学院,湖南 长沙 410114
  • 徐鹏(1978—),男,江西南昌人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为地理信息系统。E-mail:

通讯作者:

贺跃光(1966—),男,湖南桃江人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山地表变形监测。E-mail:
Two-Way Empowerment of Low-Altitude Economy and Mining and Metallurgical Engineering:Coupling Mechanism of Technology Chain and Talent Chain
Peng XU , Yueguang HE
Affiliations
  • School of Aeronautical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.036
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针对低空经济与矿冶工程协同发展、双向赋能机制进行了探讨。低空技术通过无人机、电动垂直起降飞行器(eVTOL)等载体重塑矿冶工程,同时矿冶工程为低空飞行器提供核心材料支撑;二者协同受限于学科壁垒与人才断层,需构建“技术链-人才链”双螺旋体系,通过增设交叉课程,建立矿区实飞认证基地,推动相关资格认证融合,并依托低空经济产业园加速关键技术孵化,打破学科壁垒,缩短技术转化周期,为低空经济与矿冶工程的深度融合及协同发展提供支撑。

矿冶工程  /  低空经济  /  双向赋能  /  技术链  /  人才链

A discussion on collaborative development of low-altitude economy (LAE) and mining & metallurgical engineering (MME), as well as the two-way empowerment mechanism is presented. Low-altitude technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL), can be used to reshape MME, while MME can provide core materials for low-altitude aircraft. However, the collaboration between them is limited by disciplinary barriers and talent gaps, so it is necessary to build a dual system of “technology chain-talent chain”. This can be achieved by adding interdisciplinary courses, establishing actual flight certification bases in mining areas, promoting integration of relevant qualification certifications, and accelerating incubation of key technologies based on low-altitude economic industrial parks. These measures can break down discipline barriers, shorten the cycle of technology transformation, and provide support for the in-depth integration and collaborative development of LAE and MME.

mining and metallurgical engineering  /  low-altitude economy  /  two-way empowerment  /  technology chain  /  talent chain
徐鹏, 贺跃光. 低空经济与矿冶工程双向赋能——技术链和人才链耦合机制研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 196 -200 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.036
Peng XU, Yueguang HE. Two-Way Empowerment of Low-Altitude Economy and Mining and Metallurgical Engineering:Coupling Mechanism of Technology Chain and Talent Chain[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 196 -200 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.036
中国民航局预测,到2035年,低空经济市场规模将有望达到3.5万亿元[1]。低空经济作为新质生产力的代表,正以万亿级市场规模重塑产业生态。在低空空域内,无人机与电动垂直起降飞行器(eVTOL)通过物流配送、矿区巡检等场景深度赋能传统矿冶行业,另一方面,飞行器的“钢筋铁骨”依赖矿冶行业提供的高性能材料,矿山智能化转型也亟须低空技术破解勘探、安监、物流等瓶颈。二者形成双向赋能的闭环,却受制于学科壁垒与人才断层。本文针对矿冶工程与低空经济的协同机制,揭示技术链共融与人才链重构路径,为低空经济与矿冶工程的深度融合及协同发展提供支撑。
低空经济是指在垂直高度1 000 m以下空域(部分场景延伸至3 000 m),以民用有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器(如无人机、eVTOL等)为核心载体,开展载人、载货及综合服务的经济活动,具有产业链长、技术密集、应用场景多元等特点。低空经济产业链见图1
低空经济产业链涵盖制造端、飞行端、保障端和综合服务端四大领域。当前,低空经济已成为我国战略性新兴产业和经济增长新引擎。在政策强力驱动下,低空经济应用场景快速扩展,包括物流配送、空中通勤、农林植保、应急救援、低空旅游等,对GDP贡献持续提升,国家明确将低空经济作为新质生产力的代表。
矿冶工程是现代工业的基石,为制造业、能源、基建等领域提供不可或缺的原材料支撑,同时推动资源高效利用和绿色低碳发展,低空经济与矿冶工程呈现双向赋能、深度协同的创新融合趋势。
低空经济通过无人机、eVTOL等智能装备深度赋能矿冶工程,推动这一传统领域向智能化、绿色化、高效化转型,并从勘探、安监、物流、环保、冶金五大环节重构矿冶工程价值链。
地质勘探与测绘。在矿床勘探阶段,无人机通过搭载激光雷达与多光谱成像仪,可高效准确开展空天地一体化勘探,如刚果(金)铜矿项目中,紫金矿业应用大疆M300 RTK无人机,仅用2周时间完成100 km2测绘,将传统勘探周期从180 d压缩至14 d,效率提升约12倍,成本降低68%[2]
矿区环境动态监测。无人机定期巡查矿区边坡稳定性、水文变化及植被恢复情况,可实现矿区地质灾害预防;无人机自动对热力管网进行全天候巡检,结合AI算法可识别细微变化并预警。
作业现场安全监控。无人机实时监控爆破、开采、运输等环节,识别违规操作或设备故障,如防爆无人机可替代工人进入高危矿井检测气体,规避窒息与爆炸风险,解决矿山安全与效率等方面的问题。
应急响应与救援。合成孔径雷达干涉(InSAR)技术边坡变形监测系统,可大幅降低滑坡事故率[3];通过重载无人机向偏远矿区投送紧急物资,可将物资运输时间从48 h压缩至2 h[4]
特殊场景物流突破。大型无人运输机可解决矿区“最后一公里”运输难题,如顺丰采购的ES1000无人机,载重1.5 t,航程1 200 km,可在复杂地形实现超短距起降,大幅降低山区矿石样品或设备零件运输成本。
氢能动力实现供应链优化。氢能无人机续航长、载重大,适用于矿区巡检和物资运输,其小型燃料电池仅重1.5 kg,氢气利用率达97%[5],可大幅减少中转节点,实现偏远矿区物资直达式运输,降低供应链层级损耗,兼具环保与经济效益。
污染源监测与治理。无人机搭载气体传感器实时监测矿区粉尘、废气排放,精准定位污染源,为矿企环保合规提供技术支持;在矿山环保治理阶段,无人机搭载热红外相机系统,可提前预警尾矿库渗漏[6-7]
复垦区生态管理。农业无人机精准播撒草籽、施肥,加速矿区复垦,单机日作业面积是传统人工作业面积的20倍[8],药剂喷洒误差率在5%以内[9];低空无人机可精准播撒凝结剂,提升抑尘效率[10],实现矿区生态修复全周期智慧化管理。
冶炼厂区设备巡检。无人机可替代人工检查高温、高危区域的冶金设备(如高炉、管道),减少停工风险。
厂区物流智能化。通过eVTOL运输金属半成品或危险化学品,可缓解厂区地面交通压力。
低空经济在降低作业风险、优化供应链、驱动全产业绿色低碳转型等方面重塑矿冶产业未来。但目前存在矿冶环境复杂、缺少配套起降场和通信导航设施、法规与标准不完善、成本控制难等问题。随着低空新基建加速落地和矿冶场景定制化技术成熟,无人机等智能化装备可为矿山智能化提供核心引擎。
低空经济作为全球战略性新兴产业,其核心载体(eVTOL、无人机等)的研发、制造与规模化运营,高度依赖于高性能材料、先进能源系统及智能化基础设施。
低空飞行器要求材料“轻质高强”“耐环境性”及“多功能集成”。
轻量化结构材料。传统航空铝合金及镁合金仍是低空飞行器主体结构的主力,矿冶科技的进步显著提升了其强度、韧性及耐腐蚀性。钛合金以其优异的比强度(强度/密度比)、高温稳定性和耐腐蚀性,成为关键承力部件(如起落架、发动机挂架)和高速飞行器热端部件的首选,粉末冶金、近净成形等先进冶炼加工技术降低了材料生产成本,提高了材料利用率。
先进复合材料。碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)凭借其高比强度、比模量及可设计性,在eVTOL机翼、旋翼、机身主结构中应用广泛。其核心原材料——高模高强碳纤维的制备,依赖于高纯度聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝及精确控制的预氧化、碳化工艺,矿冶工程为高性能PAN原丝所需的高纯度化工原料的催化剂开发提供了有效支撑。
关键功能材料。永磁材料驱动电机是电动飞行器的核心,如高性能钕铁硼永磁体是实现电机高功率密度、高效率的关键,其性能依赖于稀土元素的精确配比、高纯度冶炼及先进晶界扩散技术。
电磁功能材料。飞行器雷达罩需高透波性,用于制作透波增强材料的熔融石英纤维/特种玻璃纤维增强复合材料依赖于高纯度石英砂的精炼技术;天线系统、高速电路板依赖高导电性铜箔及精密蚀刻技术;电磁屏蔽材料则涉及特殊合金或金属镀层技术。
半导体材料。飞行控制、感知、通信系统的“大脑”——芯片,其制造基础是超高纯硅、锗及第三代半导体材料,而SiC单晶生长、GaN外延片制备等均涉及高温、高真空、精密控制的材料合成过程,是冶金物理化学与晶体生长技术的深度结合。
电动化是低空飞行器的主流方向,对电池能量密度、功率密度、安全性及循环寿命要求高。
锂离子电池技术。当前无人机、eVTOL主要采用高镍三元或磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池。其正极材料镍钴锰酸锂(NMC)/镍钴铝酸锂(NCA)需镍钴锰/铝的精确配比与高温烧结工艺,LFP需高纯前驱体及纳米化改性,矿冶工程为锂、钴、镍等高纯度原料供应提供保障;负极材料硅基负极(高容量)面临体积膨胀问题,需纳米硅/碳复合结构优化,以电解质/隔膜中固态电池为发展方向。
氢能与燃料电池技术。长航程场景下,氢燃料电池存在催化剂依赖铂基材料的问题,需开发低铂/非贵金属催化剂,以实现铂族金属高效回收;双极板需钛/不锈钢表面改性或石墨复合材料;储氢系统中高压气瓶依赖碳纤维技术;固态储氢需镁/钛铁系合金材料设计。
低空经济的运行需要强大的地面保障体系。
起降场站与维护设施。垂直起降平台、无人机机库的建设需要大量钢材、混凝土、铝合金等基础建材;智能化机库的温控、自动充电/换电设备也涉及金属结构件和电气材料。
通信导航监视网络。低空空域管理依赖高密度部署的5G/6G通信基站、广播式自动相关监视地面站、差分全球导航卫星系统基准站等,其天线系统、精密结构件、高速服务器/交换机等核心材料均源于矿冶产品及其深加工。
能源补给网络。分布式充电桩/换电站的建设需要大量铜缆、钢结构;制氢、储氢、加氢站的核心设备同样依赖高性能特种金属材料。
低空经济规模化发展必须解决资源约束与环境影响的问题。
关键材料回收利用。退役航空电池的回收利用是获取锂、钴、镍、锰等战略资源的二次来源,而高效、环保的浸出、分离、提纯技术是矿冶工程的前沿方向。从报废电机中高效回收稀土,涉及破碎、磁选、氢碎、再制造等复杂流程,对保障永磁材料供应链安全至关重要;建立高价值钛合金、铝合金等废料的分类、净化、重熔再利用的航空合金再生体系,可降低对原生矿产的依赖和能耗。
绿色矿冶技术。包括开发低碳/零碳冶炼新工艺;提高选矿回收率,降低尾矿排放,推进尾矿资源化利用;采用清洁能源为矿山和冶炼厂供能,从源头降低环境影响。
矿冶工程是低空经济的核心引擎与基础保障,在材料基石、能源命脉、设施保障等方面支撑低空经济的绿色低碳发展。持续深化矿冶科技自主创新,突破关键材料制备与资源循环利用的核心技术,有助于低空经济高质量发展。
矿冶工程与低空经济的融合依赖技术链和人才链,两者协同需打破学科壁垒。
矿冶工程的低空作业需突破复杂环境适应性(井下无GNSS导航、强电磁干扰、高危工况)、专用装备开发(防爆无人机、重载eVTOL)、空域智能管理(三维航线规划、动态避障)等关键技术。
当前人才培养体系存在学科壁垒,无法满足复合型能力需求。矿冶类专业缺乏低空技术模块,航空专业未涵盖矿区场景知识。如高校缺少矿区实景模拟场、防爆改装实验室;认证脱节,矿用无人机操作需同时取得中国民用航空局(CAAC)无人机操控员执照与国家矿山安全监察局矿山安全认证,但双证考核标准未衔接。
在人才培养中进行课程重构,嵌入技术能力知识体系。如在矿冶类专业中加入低空技术能力包,包括矿山无人机遥感解译、尾矿库航测评估等;在低空技术专业中增加矿冶场景适配包,如矿山低空环境工程学等,并开设eVTOL电池材料冶金学等交叉课,打通航空能源与矿冶材料技术链。
建设“三位一体”实践平台,如深地空域实验室模拟井下无人机巡检;矿区实飞认证基地,集成CAAC无人机操控员执照与矿山安全认证考核;产业联盟研发中心,校企联合开发矿用重载无人机。
师资与认证革新。招聘具备CAAC无人机操控员执照和矿山安全认证的航空工程师转型教师,吸收矿区无人机专利/标准成果,推动矿用无人机系统工程师进入国家职业目录,制定ISO矿业无人机国际标准。
政策与产业双轮驱动。政策与产业双轮驱动关系如表1所示。
传统矿冶工程与低空经济融合领域的能力维度培养对比如表2所示。目前亟须打破人才培养的学科壁垒,并通过技术链需求反推人才链设计,缩短课程项目→实验室验证→产业园孵化周期;压缩双证工程师上岗培训时间。
低空经济与矿冶工程的深度融合,正重塑现代产业格局。无人机与eVTOL赋能矿山勘探、安监、物流全链条,提升了勘探效率与应急响应速度;高强钛合金机身、钕铁硼永磁电机、芯片材料为飞行器铸就“钢筋铁骨”,筑牢低空产业根基。通过技术链共研与人才链互通,推动资源开发与空中经济的协同发展;通过材料创新与场景深化,持续打破学科壁垒,释放万亿级市场潜能,才能使“矿冶低空”成为新质生产力的战略高地。
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.036
  • 接收时间:2025-03-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
补充材料
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01
基金
2025年湖南省普通本科高校教学改革研究重点项目(202502000427)
作者信息
    长沙理工大学 航空工程学院,湖南 长沙 410114

通讯作者:

贺跃光(1966—),男,湖南桃江人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿山地表变形监测。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.036
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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