Article(id=1236276110166651162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680793563, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680793563, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680793563, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680793563, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=41, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276111806624122, articleId=1236276110166651162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Stability Analysis of Concave Open-Pit Slope Based on FMM-SVR Model, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The parameters of the Fuzzy Measure Method (FMM) in slope stability analysis are difficult to determine, thus a support vector regression (SVR) model was established and used to accurately predict parameters of the FMM, and a slope stability prediction model, FMM-SVR, was established, which was then used to predict the instability probability of the slope during the second-phase open-pit mining in Gaocun Iron Mine of Masteel Mining Resources Corporation. The results show that the maximum slope instability probability is 0.120 8 as mining operation approaches the toe of slope in an open pit, indicating that the slope remains overall stable with a risk of partially instability. This conclusion is also consistent with the on-site measured results. The location of the most critical sliding surface of the slope was determined by the finite element strength reduction method, and the factor of safety is calculated to be 1.5, which further verifies the effectiveness of the FMM-SVR model.

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为了解决边坡稳定性分析中模糊测度方法(FMM)参数难以确定的问题,构建了一种待定参数的回归型支持向量机(SVR)代理模型,用于精准预测模糊测度方法中的模糊参数,进而建立FMM-SVR露天矿边坡稳定性预测模型。以马钢矿业高村铁矿二期露天矿边坡为例,利用FMM-SVR模型预测边坡失稳概率。结果表明,开采至坡脚处时边坡失稳概率最大值为0.120 8,边坡处于整体稳定状态但存在局部失稳风险,该结论与现场实测结果相吻合;采用有限元强度折减法确定了边坡最危险滑动面位置,计算得到的安全系数为1.5,进一步验证了FMM-SVR模型的有效性。

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穆琳(1986—),女,河北沧州人,硕士,副教授,主要从事工程力学和岩土工程灾害防治数值仿真方面研究。E-mail:
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周晴晴(1985—),女,安徽亳州人,硕士,讲师,主要从事结构工程和岩土工程灾害防治数值仿真方面研究。E-mail:

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周晴晴(1985—),女,安徽亳州人,硕士,讲师,主要从事结构工程和岩土工程灾害防治数值仿真方面研究。E-mail:

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周晴晴(1985—),女,安徽亳州人,硕士,讲师,主要从事结构工程和岩土工程灾害防治数值仿真方面研究。E-mail:

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Baoding: Hebei University, 2014., articleTitle=Fuzzy model of analysis for jointed rock slope stability and its engineering application, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236348228543770944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, awardId=SYKY2111, language=CN, fundingSource=河北水利电力学院基本科研业务费专项资金(SYKY2111), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236348222801769383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348222810157991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, companyId=1236348222801769383, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Hebei Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Safety and Deformation Control, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348222814352296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, companyId=1236348222801769383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河北水利电力学院 河北省岩土工程安全与变形控制重点实验室,河北 沧洲 061001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236348225691644047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of open-pit mine slope, figureFileSmall=k4Ew+OcEQorRmrTIGdXTNg==, figureFileBig=XE4Jd9KH7ttK3O95MHa5wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225830056085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=图1, caption=露天矿边坡示意图, figureFileSmall=k4Ew+OcEQorRmrTIGdXTNg==, figureFileBig=XE4Jd9KH7ttK3O95MHa5wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225972662431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Prediction results of parameters (ξ and η) in training, figureFileSmall=LnO4pz6c5u5ic+IlS0Ch7Q==, figureFileBig=DIRgLJqTUYIrt7YEVx0Pxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226094297257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=图2, caption=参数ξη的训练结果

(a)参数ξ;(b)参数η

, figureFileSmall=LnO4pz6c5u5ic+IlS0Ch7Q==, figureFileBig=DIRgLJqTUYIrt7YEVx0Pxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226199154860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Geological model of open-pit mine slope, figureFileSmall=x8tsG/nTUAuDJbH+BL45Hg==, figureFileBig=DHMvInybCiJ5sj580eEN8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226366927031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=图3, caption=露天矿边坡简化地质模型(单位:m), figureFileSmall=x8tsG/nTUAuDJbH+BL45Hg==, figureFileBig=DHMvInybCiJ5sj580eEN8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226484367548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Finite element analytical model, figureFileSmall=xOYinxoC3+7kcIQW74mvQQ==, figureFileBig=KFAl1WgjFSm80n5+0t7CJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226622779590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=图4, caption=有限元分析模型, figureFileSmall=xOYinxoC3+7kcIQW74mvQQ==, figureFileBig=KFAl1WgjFSm80n5+0t7CJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226748608720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Calculation by finite element method with different reduction coefficients, figureFileSmall=5VNEo775mS6glHV45qOELw==, figureFileBig=qga2lxeQkAnxxs6dms05wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226887020765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同折减系数下有限元法计算结果

(a)水平应力分布;(b)水平位移分布;(c)等效塑性应变分布

, figureFileSmall=5VNEo775mS6glHV45qOELw==, figureFileBig=qga2lxeQkAnxxs6dms05wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348227084153063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physico-mechanical properties of rocks

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力c/kPa内摩擦角φ/(°)容重γ/(kN·m-3
安山岩50.2740.537.426.0
表内矿60.2645.039.030.5
闪长玢岩80.2750.038.026.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227247730931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩体物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力c/kPa内摩擦角φ/(°)容重γ/(kN·m-3
安山岩50.2740.537.426.0
表内矿60.2645.039.030.5
闪长玢岩80.2750.038.026.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227369365753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Prediction results of testing sample set of fuzzy parameter(ξ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号γ/(kN·m-3c/kPaφ/(°)α/(°)H/mm/kgξ预测结果相对误差/%
127.0504042407432.90.036 30.037 43.03
218.5120306348.10.154 20.150 92.14
322.410353010367.20.346 70.333 13.92
421.410303020323.90.150 30.147 02.20
527.0353542359465.10.036 60.037 83.28
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227511972094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模糊参数ξ测试样本集预测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号γ/(kN·m-3c/kPaφ/(°)α/(°)H/mm/kgξ预测结果相对误差/%
127.0504042407432.90.036 30.037 43.03
218.5120306348.10.154 20.150 92.14
322.410353010367.20.346 70.333 13.92
421.410303020323.90.150 30.147 02.20
527.0353542359465.10.036 60.037 83.28
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227654578440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Prediction results of testing sample set of fuzzy parameter(η

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号φ/(°)α/(°)H/mh/mη预测结果相对误差/%
135.042.0359.0336.00.673 60.677 50.58
236.045.050.048.00.756 80.800 55.77
330.035.04.03.00.539 00.514 74.51
435.037.8320.0316.00.550 00.573 84.32
530.045.020.018.00.641 50.652 11.65
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227784601869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模糊参数η测试样本集预测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号φ/(°)α/(°)H/mh/mη预测结果相对误差/%
135.042.0359.0336.00.673 60.677 50.58
236.045.050.048.00.756 80.800 55.77
330.035.04.03.00.539 00.514 74.51
435.037.8320.0316.00.550 00.573 84.32
530.045.020.018.00.641 50.652 11.65
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227914625304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameters of FMM predicted with SVR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型γ/(kN·m-3c/kPaφ/(°)α/(°)H/mh/mm/kgξη
安山岩26.040.537.441142124000.040.70
表内矿30.545.039.041108125500.080.60
), ArticleFig(id=1236348228053037342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

SVR模型预测的模糊测度参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型γ/(kN·m-3c/kPaφ/(°)α/(°)H/mh/mm/kgξη
安山岩26.040.537.441142124000.040.70
表内矿30.545.039.041108125500.080.60
), ArticleFig(id=1236348228162089253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276110166651162, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Calculation results of slope instability probability

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算点x/m失稳概率计算点x/m失稳概率
00.120 8260.021 3
10.113 9270.019 6
20.107 4280.018 1
30.101 2290.016 6
40.095 3300.015 2
50.089 8310.013 9
60.084 5320.012 7
70.079 4330.011 5
80.074 6340.010 4
90.070 1350.009 4
100.065 8360.008 4
110.061 8370.007 5
120.057 9380.006 7
130.054 2390.005 9
140.050 7400.005 2
150.047 5410.004 5
160.044 4420.003 8
170.041 5430.003 2
180.038 7440.002 6
190.036 1450.002 1
200.033 6460.001 6
210.031 2470.001 2
220.029 0480.000 8
230.026 9490.000 4
240.024 9500
250.023 1  
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边坡失稳概率计算结果

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计算点x/m失稳概率计算点x/m失稳概率
00.120 8260.021 3
10.113 9270.019 6
20.107 4280.018 1
30.101 2290.016 6
40.095 3300.015 2
50.089 8310.013 9
60.084 5320.012 7
70.079 4330.011 5
80.074 6340.010 4
90.070 1350.009 4
100.065 8360.008 4
110.061 8370.007 5
120.057 9380.006 7
130.054 2390.005 9
140.050 7400.005 2
150.047 5410.004 5
160.044 4420.003 8
170.041 5430.003 2
180.038 7440.002 6
190.036 1450.002 1
200.033 6460.001 6
210.031 2470.001 2
220.029 0480.000 8
230.026 9490.000 4
240.024 9500
250.023 1  
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基于FMM-SVR模型的深凹露天矿边坡稳定性分析
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周晴晴 , 穆琳 , 王雷
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(4): 41-46
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(4): 41-46
基于FMM-SVR模型的深凹露天矿边坡稳定性分析
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周晴晴 , 穆琳 , 王雷
作者信息
  • 河北水利电力学院 河北省岩土工程安全与变形控制重点实验室,河北 沧洲 061001
  • 周晴晴(1985—),女,安徽亳州人,硕士,讲师,主要从事结构工程和岩土工程灾害防治数值仿真方面研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

穆琳(1986—),女,河北沧州人,硕士,副教授,主要从事工程力学和岩土工程灾害防治数值仿真方面研究。E-mail:
Stability Analysis of Concave Open-Pit Slope Based on FMM-SVR Model
Qingqing ZHOU , Lin MU , Lei WANG
Affiliations
  • Hebei Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Safety and Deformation Control, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.007
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为了解决边坡稳定性分析中模糊测度方法(FMM)参数难以确定的问题,构建了一种待定参数的回归型支持向量机(SVR)代理模型,用于精准预测模糊测度方法中的模糊参数,进而建立FMM-SVR露天矿边坡稳定性预测模型。以马钢矿业高村铁矿二期露天矿边坡为例,利用FMM-SVR模型预测边坡失稳概率。结果表明,开采至坡脚处时边坡失稳概率最大值为0.120 8,边坡处于整体稳定状态但存在局部失稳风险,该结论与现场实测结果相吻合;采用有限元强度折减法确定了边坡最危险滑动面位置,计算得到的安全系数为1.5,进一步验证了FMM-SVR模型的有效性。

露天边坡  /  边坡稳定性  /  模糊测度  /  支持向量机  /  强度折减  /  安全系数

The parameters of the Fuzzy Measure Method (FMM) in slope stability analysis are difficult to determine, thus a support vector regression (SVR) model was established and used to accurately predict parameters of the FMM, and a slope stability prediction model, FMM-SVR, was established, which was then used to predict the instability probability of the slope during the second-phase open-pit mining in Gaocun Iron Mine of Masteel Mining Resources Corporation. The results show that the maximum slope instability probability is 0.120 8 as mining operation approaches the toe of slope in an open pit, indicating that the slope remains overall stable with a risk of partially instability. This conclusion is also consistent with the on-site measured results. The location of the most critical sliding surface of the slope was determined by the finite element strength reduction method, and the factor of safety is calculated to be 1.5, which further verifies the effectiveness of the FMM-SVR model.

open-pit slope  /  slope stability  /  fuzzy measure  /  support vector machine (SVR)  /  strength reduction  /  factor of safety
周晴晴, 穆琳, 王雷. 基于FMM-SVR模型的深凹露天矿边坡稳定性分析. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 41 -46 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.007
Qingqing ZHOU, Lin MU, Lei WANG. Stability Analysis of Concave Open-Pit Slope Based on FMM-SVR Model[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 41 -46 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.007
边坡稳定性分析一直是岩土工程领域重要的研究课题,我国露天矿山开采逐渐趋于大型化和深凹化,矿山边坡稳定性评价对高陡岩质边坡设计、加固和治理等方面起着重要作用。极限平衡法[1](如瑞典条分法、Bishop法和Janbu法等)是目前边坡工程应用较为广泛的分析方法,但该类方法确定潜在危险滑动面的搜索过程繁杂,也无法确定边坡整体的应力应变状态。随着计算机快速发展,结合有限元分析的强度折减法应运而生。该方法通过引入折减参数弱化影响边坡稳定性的黏聚力和内摩擦角,获得边坡稳定的极限状态[2-4]。相较于传统极限平衡法,强度折减法将岩土体视为连续性介质并依据相应屈服准则,确定边坡潜在危险滑移面。在实际边坡工程中,岩体表现为非连续、非均匀、非线性等复杂特性,影响矿山边坡稳定性的因素较多且复杂[5]。为了降低实时监测成本且高效评估边坡动态的变化过程,诸多学者将机器学习引入边坡稳定性分析中,为预测露天矿山边坡位移变形提供了一种有效的解决方案[6-9]。需要注意的是,勘测点空间分布的随机性、实验仪器和操作者带来的误差等因素导致所采集的岩体样本物理力学性质参数无法精确确定。鉴于此,模糊测度方法(fuzzy measure method,FMM)[10-11]综合考虑了影响边坡稳定性因素的不确定性,采用失稳概率评价边坡稳定性,更能反映工程实际。但是,该类方法涉及模糊参数的确定难题,仅能给出边坡的整体失稳情况,无法精确确定发生失稳破坏的具体位置。
为了更加有效评价露天矿边坡稳定性,本文构建了回归型支持向量机(support vector regression,SVR)代理模型,应用于预测FMM中相应的不确定参数,进而建立一种露天矿边坡稳定性预测模型(FMM-SVR)。以马钢矿业高村铁矿二期露天矿边坡工程为例,利用FMM-SVR模型对该露天矿边坡失稳概率进行预测分析。采用有限元强度折减法确定其最危险滑动面的具体位置,进而综合评价露天矿边坡稳定性,为后续高村铁矿三期工程的顺利开展提供技术指导。
露天矿通常采用爆破作业,爆破振动是影响节理化岩质边坡稳定性的主要因素之一。开采深度H的露天矿边坡如图1所示,假定边坡剖面倾角为α,坡底开采范围长度为L,以开采点xLxL=-L)作为起点,研究开采至距坡脚xii=1,2,…,n)时爆破荷载作用对边坡的影响,即逐步开挖至坡脚时的边坡失稳程度。
根据模糊测度理论[10],爆破过程中露天矿边坡的失稳概率随着离临空坡面的距离变化而变化,具体可表示为:
式中:FmA)为边坡失稳模糊概率;A为边坡失稳地表点所构成的模糊集合;μAx)为计算点x对于模糊集合A的隶属程度,即当隶属度远小于1时,该位置点处开挖活动对边坡体稳定性的影响可以忽略;反之,对边坡体稳定性影响越大。dpx)为反映部分影响因素的分布密度函数;Ω表示由边坡工程实际决定的积分区域。
为了综合考虑爆破施工和岩体性质对边坡稳定性的影响,本文选用隶属函数[10]如下:
式中:ξ为与爆破动力有关的参数;η为与岩石性质有关的参数。
分布密度函数[10]如下:
式中:H为露天矿边坡高度;x为沿着水平开采方向的积分变量。
由式(1)~(3)可以看出,边坡稳定性分析的模糊测度方法考虑了爆破动力和岩体力学性质的影响。为了确定该方法所涉及的模糊参数,本文构建回归型支持向量机代理模型预测相关模糊参数,并运用于模糊测度方法分析边坡稳定性。
回归型支持向量机是一种基于统计学和机器学习的回归方法,它在支持向量机基础上进行了扩展和调整。与传统的回归方法相比,SVR具有更强的泛化能力和对噪声的鲁棒性。该方法的最终目标是找到一个最优空间分类函数,通过输入数据点的特征向量预测目标变量的值,并使预测值与真实值之间的误差最小化。其基本原理是将原始非线性变量升维到高维特征空间,在此高维空间中构建最优分类面,使得所有训练样本距该最优分类面的误差最小。
假定训练样本集为{(xiyi),i∈[1,n]},xiRd表示第i个训练样本,yiR表示相应的输出值,在高维特征空间中建立的分类函数为:
式中:w为权重系数向量;b为超平面截距;φx)为非线性映射函数。与传统回归方法不同,通过进一步引入松弛变量(ξi)、不敏感损失函数ε以及相应惩罚因子C,上述问题则转化为在给定目标函数和约束条件下的最优化问题,其目标函数[12]为:
约束条件为:
引入Lagrange函数至目标函数式(5)中,并进一步简化(推导过程见文献[12]),最终得到:
式中核函数Kxix)=φxiφx)取代了高维特征空间点积的复杂运算,提高了计算效率。为了构建高效的非线性映射网络,采用径向基函数作为核函数进行计算,并采用均方误差MSE和决定系数R2评价SVR模型的性能。
马钢矿业高村铁矿[13]矿体产状倾向北西,倾角约40°,走向长约1 650 m,沿倾向延伸606~1 175 m,二期工程设计最低开采水平为-186 m。矿体赋存于闪长玢岩与安山岩接触带附近的闪长玢岩体中,露天边坡临空面岩体裂隙发育较为明显,岩体基本质量等级为V级,岩体物理力学参数如表1所示。值得注意的是,虽然左坡为反倾边坡,但其开采坡度相对于右坡较陡,且临空面岩体节理化程度较高,岩体强度较低,自稳能力较差。随着开采深度增加,左坡比右坡更有可能发生局部失稳。由现场实测资料可知,该露天矿边坡在标高-6~+8 m范围内出现了多处张拉裂缝,且发生了局部坍塌,后期采用堆载压脚的方法进行应急处理。
在模糊测度理论框架中,模糊参数ξ主要与岩体物理性质、覆盖岩土层中坚硬岩层所占比例、边坡高度H和坡角α、爆破作业炸药量m以及爆破方法等因素有关;参数η主要受边坡高度H、岩体内摩擦角φ、坡角α、台阶高度h等因素影响。为了有效构建SVR模型,本文基于文献[14]中的大量实测数据样本进行代理模型训练,图2为模糊测度方法中参数ξη的训练结果。从图2可以看出,训练样本的均方误差MSE分别为0.000 489 52和0.001 981 3,决定系数R2分别达0.997 71和0.995 23。数值结果表明,本文所构建的SVR模型具有较高的计算精度。
为进一步验证SVR模型的鲁棒性,模糊参数ξη测试样本集的预测结果分别如表2表3所示,最大相对误差在6%以内,满足工程计算要求。在此基础上,将FMM应用于SVR模型,构建分析边坡稳定性的FMM-SVR模型。
考虑到该矿区岩体裂隙发育显著且地下水丰富,爆破开挖时露天坡体结构变得更松散。边坡简化地质模型如图3所示,模型总高度314.0 m,底部边长538.5 m,坡顶长度109.0 m,坡底基岩厚度76.0 m,边坡角约41°;台阶宽6.0 m,台阶高12.0 m,台阶倾角60°;底部两层台阶高度约为5.5 m,倾角与其他各层台阶相同。图中节点为各岩层分布边界线的拐点坐标。
根据表1,采用SVR模型预测的模糊测度参数见表4,考虑到该矿山边坡从坡底到坡顶主要包括安山岩和表内矿,相应模糊参数采用加权平均后代入模糊测度方法中进行边坡稳定性分析。借助数学计算软件Matlab编辑相应计算程序,并预测坡底50 m开挖范围内边坡整体稳定性情况,边坡失稳概率计算结果见表5。离坡脚距离越近,爆破对边坡影响越大;其中,开采至坡脚处所引发的露天边坡失稳概率最大值为0.120 8。根据模糊测度方法的评判准则[10],该矿山边坡处于整体稳定状态,但局部小段会发生破坏,理论计算结果与实际工程状况相吻合。
为了有效确定边坡发生失稳破坏的具体位置,基于ANSYS有限元分析软件,采用强度折减法对该露天边坡进行稳定性分析。基于图3建立了相应有限元分析模型,如图4所示。该模型的左右两边施加水平位移约束,底端施加水平和竖直方向的位移约束;并采用表1参数进行数值分析。依据GB 51016—2014《非煤露天矿边坡工程技术规范》中关于地震惯性力计算说明,分析地震峰值加速度为0.1倍重力加速度(即地震基本烈度为7度)时的边坡稳定性。由水平地震惯性力计算可得,综合水平地震影响系数为0.025。在数值计算过程中,沿水平方向赋予每一个离散单元体0.025倍重力加速度,用于模拟爆破产生的水平地震惯性力对边坡稳定性影响。
此外,根据有限元强度折减法判别边坡临界破坏状态准则[3],在数值计算过程中,通过逐渐增大折减系数F弱化岩体的黏聚力和内摩擦角强度指标,直至模拟出贯通坡脚至坡顶的等效塑性应变区为止,此时,该部分滑坡土体将发生无限制的塑性流动,边坡将进入临界失稳状态,相应折减系数F的大小即为该边坡的安全系数。
图5为折减系数F为1.2、1.5时有限元法计算结果。折减系数1.2时,该露天边坡临空面水平应力为正值,表明矿山开挖会引起应力释放;最大水平位移约为0.034 2 m,最大等效塑性应变为1.605×10-3。折减系数增大至1.5时,在坡中至坡顶区域形成了贯通的等效塑性应变区。其中,临空面最大位移约为0.087 5 m,最大等效塑性应变为3.624×10-3,与折减系数1.2时的结果相比,该处位移、应变值分别增大了近2.5倍和2.3倍,表明边坡临空面在该位置处的力学响应已出现显著突变,标志着边坡进入失稳临界状态,该塑性区即为潜在滑动面位置。滑坡坡体整体处于安山岩体中,表明尽管边坡具有反倾结构,但在岩体质量等级较差(V级)的情况下,仍可能发生局部失稳破坏。
综上所述,采用有限元强度折减法计算得到该边坡安全系数为1.5,表明该露天矿山边坡整体稳定,与FMM-SVR方法计算结果一致,这也进一步验证了本文所提FMM-SVR方法在评价露天矿边坡稳定性方面的有效性。
1)SVR模型具有较高的泛化能力,即便在训练样本较少情况下依然表现出较好的预测精度。SVR模型可精准预测模糊测度方法中待定参数,模糊参数ξη预测值的均方误差低于0.002,决定系数接近1,表明该模型的预测精度满足工程要求。
2)FMM-SVR模型可反映不同开采位置爆破作业对边坡整体的影响程度,坡脚处进行爆破作业引发的边坡失稳概率为0.120 8,随着与坡脚距离增大,边坡失稳概率逐渐衰减至0,准确表征了边坡从稳定状态到失稳状态的渐进演变过程。但是,当边坡处于局部失稳状态时,无法精确确定破坏区域的具体位置。
3)采用有限元强度折减法计算得到该边坡的安全系数为1.5,潜在滑动面位于安山岩体内,证实了边坡在岩体质量差(V级)情况下仍可能发生局部失稳。综上所述,FMM-SVR模型与有限元法结论一致,可为深凹露天矿边坡稳定性分析提供可靠的技术指导。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.007
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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河北水利电力学院基本科研业务费专项资金(SYKY2111)
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    河北水利电力学院 河北省岩土工程安全与变形控制重点实验室,河北 沧洲 061001

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穆琳(1986—),女,河北沧州人,硕士,副教授,主要从事工程力学和岩土工程灾害防治数值仿真方面研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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