Article(id=1236276109222924419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680793337, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680793337, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680793337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680793337, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=122, endPage=125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276110963560626, articleId=1236276109222924419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Extraction and Separation of Indium and Iron from Sulfuric Acid Leaching Solution of Volatile Dust from Zinc Smelting Process, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The process of extraction and separation of indium and Fe(III) requires a step of reduction of trivalent iron in advance and also emulsification is prone to occur. In order to solve the problems, an experimental study was carried out with acid leaching solution of volatile dust from a domestic large-scale zinc smelting enterprise to explore the processing technique of direct extraction with a extractant system of DY23 (a combination of extractant A and co-extractant M) to recover indium without a step of reduction of Fe(III) in advance. Based on the experiment, effects of organic phase concentration, phase ratio in extraction, extraction time and temperature on the separation between indium and Fe(III) were investigated. It is found that with a combined extraction system, consisting of 30% extractant A, 10% co-extractant M and 60% sulfonated kerosene, O/A ratio of 1∶1, the leaching solution of volatile dust is subjected to a two-stage countercurrent extraction at room temperature for 1.5 min, leading to indium extraction rate exceeding 99% and extraction rate of Fe(III) at only around 10%, presenting a good separation effect. The loaded organic phase is then subjected to a stripping process with 4 mol/L hydrochloric acid after being washed with 200 g/L sulfuric acid, leading to the stripping rate of indium exceeding 95%. After stripping of indium, the organic phase is subjected to another stripping with 70 g/L oxalic acid to remove Fe(III), resulting in the stripping rate of Fe(III) up to 98%. It is concluded that indium and Fe(III) therein can be effectively separated.

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针对P204萃取分离铟铁(Ⅲ)需要预先还原三价铁及萃取过程易乳化等问题,以国内某大型炼锌企业产出的挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液为料液,开展了不预先还原三价铁、采用协萃体系DY23(萃取剂A+协萃剂M)直接萃取回收铟的工艺研究,考察了萃取有机相浓度、萃取相比、萃取时间和温度等对铟、铁(Ⅲ)萃取分离的影响。结果表明,采用30%萃取剂A+10%协萃剂M+60%磺化煤油的协萃体系,在萃取相比O/A=1∶1、室温萃取1.5 min的优化条件下,经二级串级逆流萃取,铟萃取率达99%以上,铁(Ⅲ)萃取率仅10%左右,萃取过程分相良好;负载有机相经200 g/L硫酸洗涤后采用4 mol/L盐酸反萃,铟反萃率达95%以上,反萃铟后有机相采用70 g/L草酸进一步反萃铁(Ⅲ),铁反萃率达98%,实现了铟、铁的有效分离。

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沈裕军(1963—),男,湖南湘乡人,正高级工程师,主要从事有色金属冶金工艺及其深加工研究。E-mail:
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张喜龙(2000—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事有色金属提取与分离研究。E-mail:

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Components of sulfuric acid leachate of volatile dust

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ZnInFeFe(Ⅲ)SiPb
105.500.81633.1021.010.0530.028
CaBiAsSnAlCd
0.3220.5702.370.1391.703.67
), ArticleFig(id=1236348229298737538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276109222924419, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液主要成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ZnInFeFe(Ⅲ)SiPb
105.500.81633.1021.010.0530.028
CaBiAsSnAlCd
0.3220.5702.370.1391.703.67
), ArticleFig(id=1236348229395206543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276109222924419, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Experimental results of two-stage countercurrent extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排数萃余液In浓度/(mg·L-1萃余液Fe(Ⅲ)浓度/(g·L-1In萃取率/%Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率/%分离系数
119.2919.5597.886.95
32.6418.7799.7110.662 566.29
53.6518.2499.6013.181 483.09
72.5818.5599.7211.712 424.15
91.2519.0899.869.186 515.12
), ArticleFig(id=1236348229487481236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276109222924419, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2级逆流萃取实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排数萃余液In浓度/(mg·L-1萃余液Fe(Ⅲ)浓度/(g·L-1In萃取率/%Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率/%分离系数
119.2919.5597.886.95
32.6418.7799.7110.662 566.29
53.6518.2499.6013.181 483.09
72.5818.5599.7211.712 424.15
91.2519.0899.869.186 515.12
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炼锌挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液中铟铁的萃取分离研究
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张喜龙 1 , 沈裕军 1 , 彭俊 1 , 熊卫江 2 , 周正华 2 , 丁锦泽 1 , 蔡云卓 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025,45(4): 122-125
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025, 45(4): 122-125
炼锌挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液中铟铁的萃取分离研究
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张喜龙1 , 沈裕军1 , 彭俊1, 熊卫江2, 周正华2, 丁锦泽1, 蔡云卓1
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 2.湖南株冶有色金属有限公司,湖南 衡阳 421513
  • 张喜龙(2000—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事有色金属提取与分离研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

沈裕军(1963—),男,湖南湘乡人,正高级工程师,主要从事有色金属冶金工艺及其深加工研究。E-mail:
Extraction and Separation of Indium and Iron from Sulfuric Acid Leaching Solution of Volatile Dust from Zinc Smelting Process
Xilong ZHANG1 , Yujun SHEN1 , Jun PENG1, Weijiang XIONG2, Zhenghua ZHOU2, Jinze DING1, Yunzhuo CAI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Changsha 410012, Hunan, China
  • 2.Hunan Zhuye Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Hengyang 421513, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.022
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针对P204萃取分离铟铁(Ⅲ)需要预先还原三价铁及萃取过程易乳化等问题,以国内某大型炼锌企业产出的挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液为料液,开展了不预先还原三价铁、采用协萃体系DY23(萃取剂A+协萃剂M)直接萃取回收铟的工艺研究,考察了萃取有机相浓度、萃取相比、萃取时间和温度等对铟、铁(Ⅲ)萃取分离的影响。结果表明,采用30%萃取剂A+10%协萃剂M+60%磺化煤油的协萃体系,在萃取相比O/A=1∶1、室温萃取1.5 min的优化条件下,经二级串级逆流萃取,铟萃取率达99%以上,铁(Ⅲ)萃取率仅10%左右,萃取过程分相良好;负载有机相经200 g/L硫酸洗涤后采用4 mol/L盐酸反萃,铟反萃率达95%以上,反萃铟后有机相采用70 g/L草酸进一步反萃铁(Ⅲ),铁反萃率达98%,实现了铟、铁的有效分离。

萃取  /  反萃  /  铟铁分离  /  协萃体系  /  铟  /  铁  /  挥发烟尘

The process of extraction and separation of indium and Fe(III) requires a step of reduction of trivalent iron in advance and also emulsification is prone to occur. In order to solve the problems, an experimental study was carried out with acid leaching solution of volatile dust from a domestic large-scale zinc smelting enterprise to explore the processing technique of direct extraction with a extractant system of DY23 (a combination of extractant A and co-extractant M) to recover indium without a step of reduction of Fe(III) in advance. Based on the experiment, effects of organic phase concentration, phase ratio in extraction, extraction time and temperature on the separation between indium and Fe(III) were investigated. It is found that with a combined extraction system, consisting of 30% extractant A, 10% co-extractant M and 60% sulfonated kerosene, O/A ratio of 1∶1, the leaching solution of volatile dust is subjected to a two-stage countercurrent extraction at room temperature for 1.5 min, leading to indium extraction rate exceeding 99% and extraction rate of Fe(III) at only around 10%, presenting a good separation effect. The loaded organic phase is then subjected to a stripping process with 4 mol/L hydrochloric acid after being washed with 200 g/L sulfuric acid, leading to the stripping rate of indium exceeding 95%. After stripping of indium, the organic phase is subjected to another stripping with 70 g/L oxalic acid to remove Fe(III), resulting in the stripping rate of Fe(III) up to 98%. It is concluded that indium and Fe(III) therein can be effectively separated.

extraction  /  stripping  /  separation between indium and iron  /  combined extraction system  /  indium  /  iron  /  volatile dust
张喜龙, 沈裕军, 彭俊, 熊卫江, 周正华, 丁锦泽, 蔡云卓. 炼锌挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液中铟铁的萃取分离研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 122 -125 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.022
Xilong ZHANG, Yujun SHEN, Jun PENG, Weijiang XIONG, Zhenghua ZHOU, Jinze DING, Yunzhuo CAI. Extraction and Separation of Indium and Iron from Sulfuric Acid Leaching Solution of Volatile Dust from Zinc Smelting Process[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 122 -125 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.022
铟是一种稀散金属,在地壳中含量极少(0.11 μg/g),且本身不能独立成矿,仅以微量伴生于锌、铅等金属矿中。作为世界上极稀缺的金属之一,铟在武器制造、航空航天、信息产业等高科技领域中的应用不可或缺,近年来凭借光渗透性和导电性强等物理化学性能,铟被广泛应用于ITO靶材、电子半导体、高性能铟合金、光伏电池、现代军事等高新技术领域[1-2],成为国家战略储备及控制出口的对象。随着科技快速发展,铟的使用范围及需求量也在持续扩大,但也面临资源短缺的挑战。我国铟储量居世界第一[3],但我国铟资源的利用率不高,浪费比较严重,而且随着铟资源的大量利用,富铟资源逐渐枯竭,贫铟矿以及含铟二次资源已成为开发重点[4-5]。从资源开发利用、经济发展以及国家利益角度考虑,我国必须努力强化发展伴生铟资源的绿色高效回收技术,有效提高铟资源冶炼技术及铟资源利用率。
目前,从湿法炼锌挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液中回收铟通常是先将溶液中三价铁还原为二价铁,再用P204萃铟,存在工艺复杂、萃取过程易乳化、分相慢等问题,且还原过程还会产生剧毒含砷气体[6-8]
为解决上述问题,本文以国内某大型湿法炼锌企业产出的挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液为料液,开展了不预先还原Fe(Ⅲ)、采用协萃体系DY23(萃取剂A+协萃剂M)直接萃取分离铟铁(Ⅲ)的实验研究。
实验原料取自国内某大型炼锌企业的挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液,其主要成分如表1所示。由表1可知,挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液中铟、铁质量浓度分别为0.816 g/L和33.10 g/L,其中Fe(Ⅲ)质量浓度为21.01 g/L,占总铁的63.5%,为高铁低铟溶液,另含有少量镉、铝、铋、锡等金属离子。硫酸浸出液中H+浓度为0.67 mol/L。
实验所用萃取剂A(纯度大于95%)、协萃剂M(纯度大于99%)、磺化煤油(优级品)、硫酸(分析纯)、盐酸(分析纯)均为市购药剂。实验设备包括双功能水浴恒温振荡器、电子天平、梨形分液漏斗、智能磁力搅拌器、雷磁实验室pH计等。
取原液60 mL与配制好的有机相放入分液漏斗中,封好后放入水浴恒温振荡器中进行萃取,萃取完成后等待分相,分相完成后放出萃余液和有机相,检测萃余液中铟和铁含量并计算铟和铁萃取率,根据萃取前后水相中铟和铁的离子浓度变化反推有机相中铟和铁浓度,计算其分配比和铟铁之间的分离系数,确定萃取的优化条件。
萃取相比O/A=1∶1,磺化煤油、萃取剂A与协萃剂M组成有机相,协萃剂M浓度(体积分数)10%,振荡强度240 r/min,在室温(25 ℃)下萃取1.5 min,萃取剂A浓度(体积分数)对In、Fe(Ⅲ)萃取效果的影响见图1。由图1可见,随着萃取剂A浓度增加,铟萃取率不断提高,而铁(Ⅲ)萃取率变化很小,萃取剂A浓度由15%增至30%时,铟萃取率由90.05%增至98.40%,分离系数由139.38增至621.86。萃取剂A浓度优选30%。
萃取剂A浓度30%,其他条件不变,协萃剂M浓度对In、Fe(Ⅲ)萃取效果的影响见图2。从图2可知,随着协萃剂M浓度增加,In和Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率不同程度地下降,当协萃剂M浓度从5%上升到10%时,In萃取率略有降低,而Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率下降较为明显,分离系数从957.29上升至1 293.17;协萃剂M浓度从10%继续上升到30%时,铟、铁(Ⅲ)萃取率进一步下降,分离系数大幅下降后小幅回升。协萃体系中协萃剂M浓度优选10%。
协萃剂M浓度10%,其他条件不变,萃取时间对In、Fe(Ⅲ)萃取效果的影响见图3。从图3可知,随着萃取时间从10 s增加到90 s,In萃取率快速上升至99%以上,之后继续延长时间,In萃取率变化不大;Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率随着萃取时间增加缓慢上升。综合考虑,优选萃取时间90 s(1.5 min)。
萃取时间1.5 min,其他条件不变,萃取温度对In、Fe(Ⅲ)萃取效果的影响见图4。从图4可以看出,随着萃取温度升高,In和Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率不同程度地上升,其中,In萃取率上升速率更慢,相对应的分离系数在40 ℃时达到峰值。考虑到升温的能耗损失,选择室温(25 ℃)萃取较为合适。
室温(25 ℃)下萃取,其他条件不变,萃取相比O/A对铟、铁(Ⅲ)分离效果的影响见图5。从图5可以看出,随着萃取相比O/A从1∶3增加到1∶1,In萃取率缓慢上升,Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率不断下降,相对应的分离系数不断增加。综合考虑,选择萃取相比O/A=1∶1较合适。
设定有机相组成为30%萃取剂A+10%协萃剂M+60%磺化煤油,振荡强度240 r/min,在室温(25 ℃)下萃取1.5 min,通过改变萃取相比的方法绘制铟的萃取平衡等温线,以水相中铟浓度为横坐标、有机相中铟浓度为纵坐标,以萃取相比O/A=1∶1为斜率绘制操作线,结果如图6所示。图6中从左至右各点的萃取相比O/A分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3。用McCabe-Thiele图解法可以估算出,原液铟浓度0.815 g/L、O/A=1∶1条件下,铟萃取率达到99%以上(即铟在水相中的浓度低于8 mg/L)时,逆流萃取理论级数为2级。
有机相组成为30%萃取剂A+10%协萃剂M+60%磺化煤油,萃取相比O/A=1∶1,振荡强度240 r/min,在室温(25 ℃)下萃取1.5 min的2级逆流萃取模拟实验结果见表2。从表2可以看出,经过2级逆流萃取,铟萃取率达99.60%以上,Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率仅10%左右,萃取平衡后,铟铁(Ⅲ)分离系数超过1 400。
负载有机相洗涤与反萃主要包括洗涤锌、反萃铟以及反萃铁。
负载有机相含铟814 mg/L、锌2.22 g/L、铁2.3 g/L、铋0.36 g/L。
首先,进行洗涤锌实验。以200 g/L硫酸为洗涤剂,进行2级逆流模拟洗涤,洗涤相比O/A=20∶1,在室温下洗涤3 min。结果表明,洗涤后有机相中锌含量为23.90 mg/L,锌洗涤率接近100%,洗涤液含铟60.7 mg/L、含铋553 mg/L、含铁57 mg/L,洗锌过程中铟、铋、铁洗下率分别为0.30%、7.6%、0.12%,洗锌效果很好。
接着反萃铟:以4 mol/L盐酸为反萃剂,反萃取相比O/A=30∶1,室温下进行7级逆流反萃,反萃3 min。结果表明,反萃后有机相中铟含量为37.74 mg/L,铟反萃率达95.35%,反萃液含铟23.15 g/L、含铁0.45 g/L、含铋9.89 g/L,反萃铟效果较好,铁几乎不被反萃,铋反萃率接近100%。
最后反萃铁:采用70 g/L草酸进行单级反萃,反萃相比O/A=1∶1,反萃温度45 ℃,反萃时间15 min。结果表明,反萃后有机相中铁含量为42.89 mg/L,铁反萃率达98%,反萃铁效果好。
1)在不预还原三价铁的情况下,采用协萃体系(30%萃取剂A+10%协萃剂M+60%磺化煤油)萃取铟,在萃取相比O/A=1∶1、萃取时间1.5 min、萃取温度为室温的优化条件下,经2级逆流萃取,铟萃取率为99.60%,Fe(Ⅲ)萃取率仅10%左右,铟铁(Ⅲ)分离系数超过1 400,可以实现锌浸渣挥发烟尘硫酸浸出液中铟、铁(Ⅲ)的选择性萃取分离,萃取过程分相效果好。
2)负载有机相经洗锌后,以4 mol/L盐酸为反萃剂进行7级逆流反萃,铟反萃率为95.35%,铁基本不被反萃,铟铁分离效果好;且反萃铟后有机相采用70 g/L草酸进行反萃,铁反萃率达98%,反萃铁效果好。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902804)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.022
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
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国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902804)
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    1.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    2.湖南株冶有色金属有限公司,湖南 衡阳 421513

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沈裕军(1963—),男,湖南湘乡人,正高级工程师,主要从事有色金属冶金工艺及其深加工研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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