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To improve the surface quality of high-end plates by descaling and cleaning process, an experimental study was carried out with different process routes that are determined based on the combination of Steel Eco Descaling (SED) technology and other surface pretreatment processes. Based on the analysis of surface appearance, surface roughness, surface micromorphology and surface energy spectrum of the plates treated by different processes, an optimal descaling process is finally determined, consisting of SED, soaking with roller brush cleaner, polishing with scouring pad buffering wheel, and high-pressure flushing. After cleaning treatment with this process, the plate sample is overall in a uniform metallic color, with significantly reduced surface roughness and oxygen content. It is concluded that after treatment with this combined process, surface quality of the third-generation advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) plates for automotive can be effectively improved.

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为改善高端板材除鳞清理表面质量,将钢铁生态除鳞(SED)技术与不同的表面预处理工艺相结合,形成不同的组合工艺路线并开展试验研究,分析不同组合工艺处理后的表面样貌、表面粗糙度和表面微观形貌、表面能谱情况,获得最佳的处理工艺为SED+辊刷液浸泡+百洁布轮抛磨+高压冲洗,经该工艺处理后,试样表面色泽均匀、整体呈金属色,表面粗糙度和氧含量明显降低,能有效提高汽车用第三代AHSS钢板清理后的表面质量。

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黄海花(1984—),女,湖南长沙人,工程师,主要研究方向为高压水射流技术和深海采矿技术。E-mail:

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黄海花(1984—),女,湖南长沙人,工程师,主要研究方向为高压水射流技术和深海采矿技术。E-mail:

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language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=表面除鳞)], refs=[Reference(id=1236348227453243625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=264, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王永恒, journalName=山西冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王永恒. 冷轧高强度汽车板工艺及设备优化探讨[J]. 山西冶金, 2023, 46(12): 264-265., articleTitle=冷轧高强度汽车板工艺及设备优化探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236348227558101237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=264, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WANG Yongheng, journalName=Shanxi Metallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yongheng. 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(a)标样1;(b)标样1(冲洗后);(c)方案1;(d)方案2;(e)方案3;(f)方案4

, figureFileSmall=CG19XgZ1Yk6UW2OMKWNSCw==, figureFileBig=Wqd2BFYyddkPFoykQo5fHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225389645912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Spectra of molecular oxygen on sample surface after different descaling treatment, figureFileSmall=LvZ6Ri/ayNosXFyhgjyNqg==, figureFileBig=fTvpB1mIdUMM4bPXQnb0+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225549029479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同方案处理后试样表面氧元素能谱图

(a)方案1;(b)方案2;(c)方案3;(d)方案4

, figureFileSmall=LvZ6Ri/ayNosXFyhgjyNqg==, figureFileBig=fTvpB1mIdUMM4bPXQnb0+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225683247217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of oxygen content on sample surface after different descaling treatment, figureFileSmall=K99CXaVlmmWCigjcu3Dx6w==, figureFileBig=YP5wKjtusgL55aSlutDcJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225855213695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同表面清理工艺除鳞后试样表面氧含量对比图, figureFileSmall=K99CXaVlmmWCigjcu3Dx6w==, figureFileBig=YP5wKjtusgL55aSlutDcJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348226073317513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Different combined process routes for surface cleaning

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案除鳞工艺
标样1SED
标样1(冲洗后)SED→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案1SED→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案2SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案3SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案4SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→百洁布轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226194952337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同表面清理工艺组合

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案除鳞工艺
标样1SED
标样1(冲洗后)SED→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案1SED→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案2SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案3SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
方案4SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→百洁布轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226354335901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Surface roughness of samples treated by different descaling schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案表面粗糙度/μm
点位1点位2点位3点位4平均值
标样1(冲洗后)3.433.473.583.383.47
方案13.894.034.174.114.05
方案23.333.563.373.553.45
方案33.924.134.224.064.08
方案42.912.873.153.213.04
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226471776420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同方案除鳞清理后试样表面粗糙度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案表面粗糙度/μm
点位1点位2点位3点位4平均值
标样1(冲洗后)3.433.473.583.383.47
方案13.894.034.174.114.05
方案23.333.563.373.553.45
方案33.924.134.224.064.08
方案42.912.873.153.213.04
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226610188462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect after treatment with different combined descaling processes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案工艺组合表面样貌表面粗糙度/μm氧含量/%
标样1(冲洗后)SED→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差3.4725.76
方案1SED→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差、有明暗区域4.0528.28
方案2SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差、有明暗区域3.4537.51
方案3SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差、有明暗区域4.0832.21
方案4SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→百洁布轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s均匀、表面光洁、有金属光泽3.0414.28
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226736017596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276108824473856, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同组合工艺表面处理效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案工艺组合表面样貌表面粗糙度/μm氧含量/%
标样1(冲洗后)SED→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差3.4725.76
方案1SED→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差、有明暗区域4.0528.28
方案2SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差、有明暗区域3.4537.51
方案3SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→磨料丝轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s不均匀、有色差、有明暗区域4.0832.21
方案4SED→辊刷液浸泡10 s→百洁布轮抛磨→50 MPa高压冲洗3 s均匀、表面光洁、有金属光泽3.0414.28
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高端板材表面除鳞清理工艺研究
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黄海花 , 柯熠 , 毛桂庭 , 韩德奎 , 欧阳邓培 , 高波
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(4): 175-179
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(4): 175-179
高端板材表面除鳞清理工艺研究
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黄海花 , 柯熠, 毛桂庭, 韩德奎, 欧阳邓培, 高波
作者信息
  • 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 黄海花(1984—),女,湖南长沙人,工程师,主要研究方向为高压水射流技术和深海采矿技术。E-mail:

Surface Descaling and Cleaning Process for High-End Plates
Haihua HUANG , Yi KE, Guiting MAO, Dekui HAN, Dengpei OUYANG, Bo GAO
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Deep Sea Mineral Resources, Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co, Ltd, Changsha 410012, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.032
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为改善高端板材除鳞清理表面质量,将钢铁生态除鳞(SED)技术与不同的表面预处理工艺相结合,形成不同的组合工艺路线并开展试验研究,分析不同组合工艺处理后的表面样貌、表面粗糙度和表面微观形貌、表面能谱情况,获得最佳的处理工艺为SED+辊刷液浸泡+百洁布轮抛磨+高压冲洗,经该工艺处理后,试样表面色泽均匀、整体呈金属色,表面粗糙度和氧含量明显降低,能有效提高汽车用第三代AHSS钢板清理后的表面质量。

高端板材  /  钢铁生态除鳞  /  表面清理  /  AHSS钢  /  磨料射流  /  表面除鳞

To improve the surface quality of high-end plates by descaling and cleaning process, an experimental study was carried out with different process routes that are determined based on the combination of Steel Eco Descaling (SED) technology and other surface pretreatment processes. Based on the analysis of surface appearance, surface roughness, surface micromorphology and surface energy spectrum of the plates treated by different processes, an optimal descaling process is finally determined, consisting of SED, soaking with roller brush cleaner, polishing with scouring pad buffering wheel, and high-pressure flushing. After cleaning treatment with this process, the plate sample is overall in a uniform metallic color, with significantly reduced surface roughness and oxygen content. It is concluded that after treatment with this combined process, surface quality of the third-generation advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) plates for automotive can be effectively improved.

high-end plates  /  steel eco descaling (SED)  /  surface cleaning  /  advanced high-strength steel (AHSS)  /  abrasive jet  /  surface descaling
黄海花, 柯熠, 毛桂庭, 韩德奎, 欧阳邓培, 高波. 高端板材表面除鳞清理工艺研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 175 -179 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.032
Haihua HUANG, Yi KE, Guiting MAO, Dekui HAN, Dengpei OUYANG, Bo GAO. Surface Descaling and Cleaning Process for High-End Plates[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 175 -179 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.032
汽车板、家电板等高端板材是汽车、家电等行业的重要工业原材料,其强度高、塑性好、表面质量要求高,通常需要进行冷轧镀锌等深加工,是钢铁板材的高端应用领域[1-3]。钢板在热轧生产过程中,表面会形成一层致密的氧化膜,在进行冷轧等深加工前,需要去除该表面氧化膜、露出金属基体。传统的除鳞清理工艺为酸洗工艺,该工艺会产生大量酸雾、废酸和酸泥,且无法避免“跑冒滴漏”,会对大气、土壤和水体造成严重污染。因此,国内外纷纷加大表面氧化鳞皮无酸清理技术的研发力度,以满足日益严格的环保要求,如采用铁粒摩擦除鳞、抛丸除鳞、光滑清洁表面(smooth clean surface,SCS)、生态清洗表面(eco-pickled surface,EPS)等,但因各自技术局限,除鳞清理后的表面质量并不理想,不适用于后续深加工,未在汽车板、家电板等高端板材表面除鳞清理中得到应用[4-6]
钢铁生态除鳞(steel eco descaling,SED)是长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司自主研发的技术,其基于高压水射流喷丸除鳞技术,采用“高压磨料打击磨削+高压水楔强力冲蚀”的物理方法,可高效清除金属表面氧化膜、油脂、锈蚀、泥垢、水垢、积碳等污物,目前已在普碳钢板冷轧前的除鳞清理中得到了验证,生产过程绿色环保[7]。但采用SED技术对汽车板、家电板等高端板材常规除鳞后,基体表面存在色差,亟须研究新的技术或工艺解决此问题。
本文基于SED技术,结合钢铁行业中常用的表面预处理工艺,如机械抛磨(磨料丝轮抛磨、百洁布轮抛磨)、钝化处理(辊刷液)等[8],形成不同的SED组合工艺路线;针对汽车用第三代AHSS钢[9-11],在高压磨料射流表面除鳞试验装置上开展试验,观察除鳞清理后的表面样貌、检测其表面粗糙度,进行SEM和XPS分析,探究不同SED组合工艺对板材表面质量的影响,以期找到适宜的工艺路线,以提高清理后的板材表面质量、满足高端板材的表面质量要求。
本文依托深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室的高压磨料射流表面除鳞试验装置开展试验研究,该试验装置由高压射流喷丸装置、钝化处理装置、机械抛磨装置、高压冲洗装置和干燥装置等组成(如图1所示),驱动电机带动移动平台在输送辊上前后移动,试验试样固定在移动平台上并随其移动,可以完成除鳞清理、冲刷钝化、机械抛磨和高压冲洗等处理。
试验材料由无锡某新材料有限公司提供,为AHSS钢板,其屈服强度达800 MPa,是汽车板减重降能用钢板[10-11]。试验材料分割成130 mm×60 mm规格的试样。试验中,SED工艺参数为:工作压力50 MPa、靶距210 mm、进给速度30 m/min,磨料为0.2 mm钢丸。
试样经SED清理后再进行不同工艺的表面处理,分别是:辊刷液浸泡、磨料丝轮抛磨、百洁布轮抛磨,不同表面清理工艺组合如表1所示,其中机械抛磨速度为10 m/min。试验后,观察试样的表面样貌、测量其表面粗糙度;利用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察其表面微观形貌;利用XPS能谱仪对表面元素分布进行分析。
不同方案下试样除鳞清理后表面样貌如图2所示。由图2可知,所有试样表面均存在细微的凹坑,表面整体并不均匀一致,这是因为所有试样经过高压磨料射流除鳞清理,磨料射流速度和冲击角度并不一致,导致试件表面形成不一致的细微凹坑,使得高端板材除鳞清理后表面存在漫反射,这是试样表面存在外观色差的主要原因。经方案4处理的试样,表面样貌较为均匀一致、整体光洁,较其他3个方案处理的试样,表面更好。
在试验后的各试样表面以面积等分成4个区域,每个区域中心点作为测量点位,利用表面粗糙度仪测量其表面粗糙度,结果如表2所示。由表2可知,经方案1和方案3处理的试样表面粗糙度较标样1(冲洗后)明显增大,这是由于这2个方案中有磨料丝轮抛磨处理,导致试样表面粗糙度增大。经方案2处理的试样,表面粗糙度变化不大,这也反映单一的辊刷液浸泡对试样表面微观结构的改变作用不大。经方案4处理的试样表面粗糙度明显下降,这是由于百洁布抛磨的作用力远弱于磨料丝轮抛磨的作用力,对高压磨料射流除鳞清理后的表面微观结构起到了一定的改善作用,但并不能完全去除表面细微凹坑。这与图2中各试样处理后的表面样貌相吻合。
钢板表面粗糙度直接影响冲压成型及冷轧时的金属流动特性,适当的表面粗糙度有利于储存并保持油膜,有利于后续冷轧等工艺。过小的表面粗糙度会导致后续冷轧轧辊打滑;而过大的表面粗糙度会导致冷轧轧辊磨损过快,冷轧后表面质量不佳。适宜的表面粗糙度一般为2.5~3.5 μm,经方案4处理的试样表面粗糙度符合要求。
对清洗后的各试样进行取样,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜进行表面微观形貌分析,结果如图3所示。从图3(a)、(b)可以看出,磨料冲击试样表面,在磨料的切削和冲蚀下,试样表面呈现高低不平的起伏,以及大小不一的冲击坑,表面残留有破碎的金属微粒;再经50 MPa高压喷嘴冲洗后,表面微观形貌差异不大,但表面附着的破碎金属微粒明显减少,表面更为干净。
经过4个方案处理后的试样,其表面微观形貌均存在微小的凹坑和尖峰。经过磨料丝轮抛磨的试样表面可以观察到钢丝在钢板表面打磨的痕迹,而经过百洁布轮抛磨的试样表面也有部分磨削痕迹,但不如磨料丝轮抛磨明显。
表面残留氧化鳞皮是影响成品表面外观和冷轧冲压成型质量的重要因素。对试验后的试样取样,利用XPS能谱仪进行表面氧元素含量检测,间接分析不同组合工艺处理时表面氧化鳞皮变化情况,只要有氧化鳞皮存在必然存在氧元素峰,其峰值高低间接反映检测区域氧化鳞皮残留量的多少。
不同方案处理后试样表面氧元素能谱图见图4。由图4可知,钢板表面氧化物成分及形态不同,所出现的氧元素分峰结合能大多在529~534 eV,与标准的529.5~531.5 eV有差异。方案1和方案2试样表面能谱出现了2个明显的分峰,右边分峰一般为表面晶格氧,左边高而尖的分峰为表面吸附氧;方案3和方案4表面的晶格氧峰不明显。从图4可知,方案1~3的表面吸附氧峰值相近,而方案4中表面吸附氧峰值明显下降,氧元素结合能向低场方向迁移,这也说明经方案4处理后试样表面氧元素显著减少。
在试验后的各试样表面以面积等分成3个区域,每个区域中央选取5 mm×5 mm作为检测样本,在每块样本表面进行XPS表面氧含量能谱检测,每种方案获得3个平行点位,统计各点位表面氧含量并取平均值,结果如图5所示。由图5可知,钢板经SED除鳞后再经方案1磨料丝轮抛磨和方案2辊刷液浸泡处理后的表面氧含量不降反增。这是因为磨料丝轮抛磨产生高温,表面二次氧化形成新的氧化膜;而辊刷液浸泡处理提高了表面活性,进而导致表面氧化程度加重。经方案3处理后的试样表面氧含量位于方案1和方案2之间。而经方案4处理后的试样表面氧含量明显降低,降幅达到44%,这表明辊刷液浸泡+百洁布轮抛磨+高压冲洗对破碎松散的氧化鳞皮有一定去除清理作用。对比方案3和方案4,百洁布轮抛磨和磨料丝轮抛磨存在明显差异,这主要是由于两者材质不同,在抛磨时作用力不同、产热温升不同,得到的处理效果也不同。这也印证了不同组合工艺处理后,试样表面微观形貌和表面粗糙度的变化情况。
综合上述表面样貌、表面粗糙度和表面微观形貌、表面能谱氧含量的结果,不同组合工艺表面处理效果如表3所示。由表3可知,AHSS钢板经方案4处理后,获得的表面效果更好。钢板经SED处理后使用辊刷液浸泡10 s,继而使用百洁布轮抛磨并经50 MPa高压水冲洗,处理后的表面色泽均匀、整体呈金属色,表面粗糙度明显降低,但在有益区间内,辊刷液浸泡+百洁布轮抛磨对表面破碎松散的氧化鳞皮起到了一定的去除作用,表面氧含量明显降低,均有利于提高AHSS钢板清理后的表面质量,提高成品质量。
本研究受涂装前表面处理工艺的启发,结合抛磨、钝化等处理工艺,与SED相结合进行了试验研究,鉴于抛磨工艺、钝化工艺与SED结合仍存在诸多未探索的内容,建议下一步从以下方面开展研究:辊刷液的种类、浓度、浸泡时间对表面质量的影响;抛光时间、抛光速度对表面质量的影响。
SED除鳞+辊刷液浸泡+百洁布轮抛磨+高压冲洗这一工艺路线是本文最佳工艺路线。经该工艺处理后的试样表面色泽均匀、整体呈金属色,表面粗糙度从SED除鳞+高压冲洗处理后的3.47 μm降低至3.04 μm;辊刷液浸泡+百洁布轮抛磨+高压冲洗对表面破碎松散的氧化鳞皮起到了清理作用,表面氧含量从SED除鳞+高压冲洗后的25.76%降低至14.28%,能有效去除表面残留氧化鳞皮。经SED除鳞+辊刷液浸泡+百洁布轮抛磨+高压冲洗处理后,试样表面色泽均匀,表面粗糙度和氧含量明显降低,能有效提高汽车用第三代AHSS钢板清理后的表面质量。
  • 中国五矿集团有限公司科技专项计划项目(2019ZXB03)
  • 湖南省科技创新计划项目(2022GK4032)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.032
  • 接收时间:2025-02-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-23
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中国五矿集团有限公司科技专项计划项目(2019ZXB03)
湖南省科技创新计划项目(2022GK4032)
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    长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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