Article(id=1236276107184500964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739462400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772680792851, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772680792851, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772680792851, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772680792851, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236276104999268557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772680792331, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772681498687, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236279067746562720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1236276104999268557, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=68, endPage=72, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236276107905921271, articleId=1236276107184500964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Combined Process of Magnetic Separation and Gravity Separation for an Ilmenite Ore, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to comprehensively recover titanium resources and iron resources from a low-grade ilmenite ore, an experimental study was performed for the ore by a process of low intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) followed by regrinding and re-concentration to recover Ti and Fe therein. The results show that LIMS with ore at a grinding fineness of-0.074 mm 84.78% can yield an iron concentrate grading 62.82% TFe and 3.62% TiO2 with iron recovery of 51.32%, presenting a good recovery of magnetic iron; the obtained LIMS concentrate is subjected to high-intensity magnetic separation (HIMS) consisting of one roughing and one cleaning, followed by gravity separation with a shaking table, resulting in the obtained Ti concentrate grading 40.81% TiO2 at 18.47% recovery. It is shown that both Fe and Ti therein can be comprehensively recovered.

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为综合回收某低品位钛铁矿中的钛、铁资源,在矿石性质研究基础上,进行了弱磁选-再磨再选回收铁、钛的选矿试验研究。结果表明,磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占84.78%时进行弱磁选,所得铁精矿TFe、TiO2品位分别为62.82%和3.62%,铁回收率为51.32%,磁性铁回收效果良好;对弱磁选尾矿进行一粗一精强磁选-摇床重选联合流程试验,得到TiO2品位40.81%、钛回收率18.47%的钛精矿,铁和钛均得到综合回收。

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路漫漫(1989—),男,安徽铜陵人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为化工固废资源化利用、化工矿物综合利用。E-mail:
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史耘澎(1999—),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士,主要研究方向为化工固废资源化利用。E-mail:

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史耘澎(1999—),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士,主要研究方向为化工固废资源化利用。E-mail:

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Minerals, 2024, 14(1): 68., articleTitle=Gravity separation tests of a complex rutile ore, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236348227923005714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, awardId=52204276, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52204276), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236348219945439780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348219966411304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, companyId=1236348219945439780, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Resources & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236348219974799913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, companyId=1236348219945439780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖北 武汉 430205)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236348224345265116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Principle flowchart of test, figureFileSmall=rbXcw5mlDdJ4mDiNbVzhBw==, figureFileBig=17+WBg4N8fvLyUrm73M16A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348224479482861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试验原则流程, figureFileSmall=rbXcw5mlDdJ4mDiNbVzhBw==, figureFileBig=17+WBg4N8fvLyUrm73M16A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348224605310976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=XRD patterns of iron concentrate and mixed tailings from LIMS, figureFileSmall=BmY8d98J3Qwjq9Vk/hBQgA==, figureFileBig=rRfS4vQwZ5a4ii3QNP4NFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348224781471764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=图2, caption=弱磁选铁精矿和混合尾矿XRD图谱

(a)弱磁选精矿;(b)弱磁选混合尾矿

, figureFileSmall=BmY8d98J3Qwjq9Vk/hBQgA==, figureFileBig=rRfS4vQwZ5a4ii3QNP4NFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348224936661028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=LIMS-HIMS-gravity separation process flow diagram with mass balance, figureFileSmall=joIIv/Axj4dForPy4PJiIQ==, figureFileBig=j2YWqRBAkNebozrohjMrjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225049907249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=图3, caption=弱磁选-强磁选-重选全流程试验数质量流程图, figureFileSmall=joIIv/Axj4dForPy4PJiIQ==, figureFileBig=j2YWqRBAkNebozrohjMrjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236348225163153468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Multi-elemental analysis results of raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeMFeTiO2SiO2MgOAl2O3CaOV2O5S烧失
23.9311.018.0232.674.6610.075.320.230.510.092
), ArticleFig(id=1236348225263816778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原矿化学多元素分析结果(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeMFeTiO2SiO2MgOAl2O3CaOV2O5S烧失
23.9311.018.0232.674.6610.075.320.230.510.092
), ArticleFig(id=1236348225410617437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis results of iron and titanium phase in raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素铁物相含量(质量分数)/%分布率/%
碳酸铁中铁0.200.84
硫化铁中铁0.401.67
赤褐铁矿中铁2.6210.95
硅酸铁中铁4.8320.18
钛磁铁矿中铁11.0146.01
钛铁矿中铁4.8720.35
合计23.93100.00
钛磁铁矿中钛0.728.98
榍石中钛0.789.72
钛铁矿及金红石中钛6.5281.30
合计8.02100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348225557418087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

原矿铁物相和钛物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素铁物相含量(质量分数)/%分布率/%
碳酸铁中铁0.200.84
硫化铁中铁0.401.67
赤褐铁矿中铁2.6210.95
硅酸铁中铁4.8320.18
钛磁铁矿中铁11.0146.01
钛铁矿中铁4.8720.35
合计23.93100.00
钛磁铁矿中钛0.728.98
榍石中钛0.789.72
钛铁矿及金红石中钛6.5281.30
合计8.02100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348225691635830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of grinding fineness on magnetic separation indices

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-0.074 mm粒级含量/%产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
69.90精矿22.4551.844.2148.6311.78
尾矿77.5515.879.1251.3788.22
给矿100.0023.958.02100.00100.00
75.43精矿23.4153.203.9252.0411.44
尾矿76.5914.989.2747.9688.56
给矿100.0023.938.02100.00100.00
84.78精矿20.9460.213.6052.699.41
尾矿79.0614.329.1947.3190.59
给矿100.0023.938.02100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348225855213693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

磨矿细度对磁选指标的影响

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-0.074 mm粒级含量/%产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
69.90精矿22.4551.844.2148.6311.78
尾矿77.5515.879.1251.3788.22
给矿100.0023.958.02100.00100.00
75.43精矿23.4153.203.9252.0411.44
尾矿76.5914.989.2747.9688.56
给矿100.0023.938.02100.00100.00
84.78精矿20.9460.213.6052.699.41
尾矿79.0614.329.1947.3190.59
给矿100.0023.938.02100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226060734598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Re-grinding and re-separation test results

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再磨细度产品名称作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
-0.074 mm占89.00%精矿93.3662.823.6297.4193.88
尾矿6.6423.553.362.596.12
给矿100.0060.213.60100.00100.00
-0.045 mm占76.50%精矿79.5966.152.8293.4662.35
尾矿20.4118.048.606.5437.65
给矿100.0060.213.60100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226203340948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

再磨再选试验结果

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再磨细度产品名称作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
-0.074 mm占89.00%精矿93.3662.823.6297.4193.88
尾矿6.6423.553.362.596.12
给矿100.0060.213.60100.00100.00
-0.045 mm占76.50%精矿79.5966.152.8293.4662.35
尾矿20.4118.048.606.5437.65
给矿100.0060.213.60100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226354335899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test results of lateral inclination angle of shaking table surface

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床面横向坡度/(°)产品编号作业产率/%品位/%回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
117.553.343.721.743.09
210.018.024.335.544.77
341.9414.654.4542.4320.55
438.7217.6915.4747.9065.95
51.7824.3628.762.995.64
2117.543.805.864.6011.30
227.2015.226.9428.5920.77
339.7417.038.6946.7437.99
414.1818.6216.9518.2326.44
51.3419.8323.761.843.50
3126.318.075.8614.6616.96
238.7116.247.8343.4233.34
329.3617.1611.6334.7937.56
45.3018.2619.306.6811.25
50.3220.2924.970.450.88
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226475970724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

摇床床面横向坡度试验结果

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床面横向坡度/(°)产品编号作业产率/%品位/%回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
117.553.343.721.743.09
210.018.024.335.544.77
341.9414.654.4542.4320.55
438.7217.6915.4747.9065.95
51.7824.3628.762.995.64
2117.543.805.864.6011.30
227.2015.226.9428.5920.77
339.7417.038.6946.7437.99
414.1818.6216.9518.2326.44
51.3419.8323.761.843.50
3126.318.075.8614.6616.96
238.7116.247.8343.4233.34
329.3617.1611.6334.7937.56
45.3018.2619.306.6811.25
50.3220.2924.970.450.88
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226610188463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effect of magnetic field intensity of HIMS on ilmenite separation

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磁场强度/(kA·m-1产品名称作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
360精矿14.2825.9026.3225.5441.35
尾矿85.7212.576.2274.4658.65
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
560精矿19.5823.7622.1832.1347.78
尾矿80.4212.225.9067.8752.22
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
800精矿27.8622.3019.2542.9159.00
尾矿72.1411.465.1757.0941.00
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
960精矿34.5421.9118.7352.2671.17
尾矿65.4610.564.0047.7429.83
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226740211900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

强磁选磁场强度对钛铁矿分选效果的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场强度/(kA·m-1产品名称作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
360精矿14.2825.9026.3225.5441.35
尾矿85.7212.576.2274.4658.65
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
560精矿19.5823.7622.1832.1347.78
尾矿80.4212.225.9067.8752.22
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
800精矿27.8622.3019.2542.9159.00
尾矿72.1411.465.1757.0941.00
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
960精矿34.5421.9118.7352.2671.17
尾矿65.4610.564.0047.7429.83
给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348226866041029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Test results with combined process of HIMS and gravity separation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场强度/(kA·m-1重选产品作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
56012.089.729.960.850.88
27.7220.4511.686.493.84
317.6521.5312.6514.889.52
454.3127.0224.6554.9054.00
519.2428.2634.9522.8828.67
96016.026.107.561.682.43
214.4915.811.3310.458.77
334.4419.6314.5130.8626.68
431.2426.1622.1737.3036.98
513.8231.2634.0819.7225.15
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227075756242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

强磁选-重选试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场强度/(kA·m-1重选产品作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
56012.089.729.960.850.88
27.7220.4511.686.493.84
317.6521.5312.6514.889.52
454.3127.0224.6554.9054.00
519.2428.2634.9522.8828.67
96016.026.107.561.682.43
214.4915.811.3310.458.77
334.4419.6314.5130.8626.68
431.2426.1622.1737.3036.98
513.8231.2634.0819.7225.15
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227214168281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Test results of HIMS(one roughing and one cleaning)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场强度/(kA·m-1产品名称作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
960粗选精矿34.5421.9118.7352.2671.17
粗选尾矿65.4610.5610.5647.7428.83
粗选给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
560精选精矿48.2723.3925.0251.5364.48
精选尾矿51.7320.5312.8648.4735.52
精选给矿100.0021.9118.73100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227356774627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

一粗一精强磁选试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
磁场强度/(kA·m-1产品名称作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
960粗选精矿34.5421.9118.7352.2671.17
粗选尾矿65.4610.5610.5647.7428.83
粗选给矿100.0014.489.09100.00100.00
560精选精矿48.2723.3925.0251.5364.48
精选尾矿51.7320.5312.8648.4735.52
精选给矿100.0021.9118.73100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227507769583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Gravity separation test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品编号作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
112.578.925.454.792.74
215.8913.448.769.135.56
317.2518.0822.7913.3315.71
427.9125.6229.4330.5732.83
526.4637.2840.8142.1743.16
), ArticleFig(id=1236348227621015803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1236276107184500964, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

重选试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品编号作业产率/%品位/%作业回收率/%
TFeTiO2TFeTiO2
112.578.925.454.792.74
215.8913.448.769.135.56
317.2518.0822.7913.3315.71
427.9125.6229.4330.5732.83
526.4637.2840.8142.1743.16
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某钛铁矿磁选-重选联合工艺回收钛、铁试验研究
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史耘澎 , 梁斌 , 李世维 , 路漫漫 , 张汉泉
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(4): 68-72
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(4): 68-72
某钛铁矿磁选-重选联合工艺回收钛、铁试验研究
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史耘澎 , 梁斌, 李世维, 路漫漫 , 张汉泉
作者信息
  • 武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖北 武汉 430205
  • 史耘澎(1999—),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士,主要研究方向为化工固废资源化利用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

路漫漫(1989—),男,安徽铜陵人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为化工固废资源化利用、化工矿物综合利用。E-mail:
Experimental Study on Combined Process of Magnetic Separation and Gravity Separation for an Ilmenite Ore
Yunpeng SHI , Bin LIANG, Shiwei LI, Manman LU , Hanquan ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Resources & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.012
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为综合回收某低品位钛铁矿中的钛、铁资源,在矿石性质研究基础上,进行了弱磁选-再磨再选回收铁、钛的选矿试验研究。结果表明,磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占84.78%时进行弱磁选,所得铁精矿TFe、TiO2品位分别为62.82%和3.62%,铁回收率为51.32%,磁性铁回收效果良好;对弱磁选尾矿进行一粗一精强磁选-摇床重选联合流程试验,得到TiO2品位40.81%、钛回收率18.47%的钛精矿,铁和钛均得到综合回收。

钛铁矿  /  钛磁铁矿  /  磁选  /  重选  /  联合流程  /  铁精矿  /  钛精矿

In order to comprehensively recover titanium resources and iron resources from a low-grade ilmenite ore, an experimental study was performed for the ore by a process of low intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) followed by regrinding and re-concentration to recover Ti and Fe therein. The results show that LIMS with ore at a grinding fineness of-0.074 mm 84.78% can yield an iron concentrate grading 62.82% TFe and 3.62% TiO2 with iron recovery of 51.32%, presenting a good recovery of magnetic iron; the obtained LIMS concentrate is subjected to high-intensity magnetic separation (HIMS) consisting of one roughing and one cleaning, followed by gravity separation with a shaking table, resulting in the obtained Ti concentrate grading 40.81% TiO2 at 18.47% recovery. It is shown that both Fe and Ti therein can be comprehensively recovered.

ilmenite  /  titanomagnetite  /  magnetic separation  /  gravity separation  /  combined flowsheet  /  Fe concentrate  /  Ti concentrate
史耘澎, 梁斌, 李世维, 路漫漫, 张汉泉. 某钛铁矿磁选-重选联合工艺回收钛、铁试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (4) : 68 -72 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.012
Yunpeng SHI, Bin LIANG, Shiwei LI, Manman LU, Hanquan ZHANG. Experimental Study on Combined Process of Magnetic Separation and Gravity Separation for an Ilmenite Ore[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (4) : 68 -72 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.012
钛被广泛应用于航空航天、国防、医疗、化工等领域[1-3]。钛资源的主要经济矿物为钛铁矿和金红石,其次是白钛矿、锐钛矿和红钛铁矿[4]。我国是世界上钛铁矿储量最多的国家,钛储量占全球储量的27.03%。由于长期开发利用,我国高品位钛铁矿资源不断减少,目前国内钛铁矿呈现贫、细、杂的特点,钛组分和铁组分以复合矿相形式交织在一起,难以分选。因此,开展低品位钛铁矿资源的高效综合利用具有重要的战略意义[5-6]
目前,钛铁矿的选别方法主要有单一重选、磁选、浮选以及多工艺联合流程,如重选-磁选-浮选、重选-电选、磁选-浮选工艺等[7-15]。传统浮选工艺虽然可以较好地将钛矿物回收,但耗水量大、流程复杂、生产成本高。本文针对钛铁矿传统分选流程中存在的问题,提出磁选-重选联合新工艺,以某低品位钛铁矿为原料,开展钛矿物回收试验研究,以期为高效低成本开发利用此类钛铁矿提供技术支撑和理论指导。
试样取自河南新县,破碎至-2 mm后待用。采用X射线荧光光谱仪和化学物相分析对钛铁矿原料进行检测,结果见表1表2
表1可以看出,矿石中主要有价组分为铁和钛,需要分选去除的主要脉石组分为SiO2、MgO和Al2O3。由表2可以看出,原矿中铁主要赋存于钛磁铁矿中,其次赋存于钛铁矿和硅酸铁中,剩余铁主要分布于赤褐铁矿、硫化铁和碳酸铁中。钛主要分布在钛铁矿及金红石中,为可利用钛物相;剩余钛分布在榍石和钛磁铁矿中。
X射线衍射分析和光学显微镜观察结果表明:原矿中主要有价矿物为钛铁矿和磁铁矿,需要选矿去除的脉石矿物为石英和长石类矿物;矿石中铁矿物嵌布粒度复杂,可采用阶磨阶选工艺处理。
根据矿石性质,拟采用弱磁选-强磁选-重选联合流程回收铁和钛,试验原则流程见图1
试验仪器和设备包括RK/ZQM(BM)系列智能球磨机、RK/CRS 400×300逆流式弱磁选机、XPM-120*3三头研磨机、XCSQ-50×70湿式强磁选机、LY1100×500摇床等。
分析矿石性质可知,磁铁矿、钛铁矿嵌布粒度基本一致,多数在0.05~0.35 mm,钛铁矿更细。实际选矿过程中,磁铁矿选别要求更细的粒度才能获得高品质精矿。弱磁选磁场强度120 kA/m时,研究了磨矿细度对磁选指标的影响,结果见表3。从表3可以看出,磨矿-0.074 mm粒级占84.78%时,磁选精矿铁品位达到60.21%,精矿产率为20.94%,回收率为52.69%。磨矿细度过细,磨矿成本高,综合考虑,一段磨矿细度选择-0.074 mm粒级占84.78%。
对弱磁选粗精矿进行再磨再选试验。再磨细度-0.074 mm粒级占89.00%和-0.045 mm粒级占76.50%,弱磁选粗选磁场强度120 kA/m、精选磁场强度96 kA/m,再磨再选试验结果如表4所示。由表4可知,粗精矿经过再磨后,单体解离程度更高;随着再磨细度更细,铁回收率及精矿产率下降,铁品位提高;再磨细度-0.074 mm粒级占89.00%时,精选精矿作业产率93.36%,精矿TFe品位62.82%,TFe作业回收率97.41%;再磨细度-0.045 mm粒级占76.50%,精矿作业产率下降到79.59%,精矿TFe品位达到了66.15%,TFe作业回收率下降到了93.46%。综合考虑铁品位、回收率及能耗等因素,再磨细度选择-0.074 mm粒级占89.00%。
将弱磁选精选尾矿与弱磁选粗选尾矿合并为弱磁选混合尾矿,其产率为80.45%,TFe、TiO2品位分别为14.48%和9.09%,TFe、TiO2回收率分别为48.68%和91.18%。对弱磁选精矿和混合尾矿进行了X射线衍射(XRD)分析,结果见图2。从图2可以看出,弱磁选精矿的衍射峰出现在2θ为18.29°、30.08°、32.43°、37.09°、43.05°、53.41°、56.94°、62.52°和73.96°处,与Fe3O4的X射线衍射标准卡图谱特征峰一致,其中FeTiO3的X射线衍射标准卡的图谱特征峰在2θ为32.53°、48.73°处。此现象表明,经过弱磁选,原矿中的磁铁矿和钛铁矿富集在弱磁选精矿中。弱磁选混合尾矿主要矿物为石英、方解石、长石类矿物、钛铁矿、榍石、铁橄榄石、金红石,其中钛矿物赋存在钛铁矿和金红石中,石英、长石类矿物、方解石、铁橄榄石等为脉石矿物。
结合矿物工艺学分析结果,原矿经弱磁选回收磁性矿物后,尾矿中有用矿物主要为钛铁矿,其密度为4.5~5.0 g/cm3,斜长石、钾长石、石英等脉石矿物密度一般为2.8~3.5 g/cm3;钛铁矿比磁化系数为(400~1 000)×10-6 cm3/g,属于弱磁性矿物,脉石矿物大多为非磁性矿物,因此可以根据密度、磁性差异,将钛铁矿富集。可采用环境友好、低碳节能的重选、磁选及其联合流程来分选。
采用摇床进行重选试验。摇床床面横向坡度1°、2°、3°时的重选试验结果见表5。摇床重选共得到5个产品,编号1~5。编号越大,表示矿石密度越大,选择5号产品为精矿。由表5可知,随着摇床床面横向坡度增大,5号产品TiO2回收率降低。对于该钛铁矿,摇床床面横向坡度1°为宜,但单一重选得到的钛精矿品位较低,达不到冶炼要求,且回收率较低。主要原因是进入重选的弱磁选混合尾矿-0.074 mm粒级占83.10%,而摇床重选对-0.074 mm粒级物料回收率低下。
钛铁矿是一种弱磁性矿物,在颗粒粒度合适时,可以通过强磁选初步分离钛铁矿和脉石组分,减少后续作业的物料量,提高进入后续作业矿物的TiO2品位,降低成本。采用强磁选机对选铁尾矿进行分选,强磁选磁场强度对钛铁矿分选效果的影响如表6所示。由表6可知:磁场强度360 kA/m时,精矿铁和钛品位高,但精矿产率以及铁和钛回收率低;随着磁场强度逐渐增大,钛铁矿颗粒被磁场吸引进入精矿,铁、钛回收率增加,但品位下降,主要是因为一些未解离的脉石矿物随着钛铁矿颗粒一起进入精矿产品中。单一的强磁选无法得到高品位合格钛精矿。
采用强磁选-重选联合流程从弱磁选混合尾矿中回收钛铁矿。强磁选粗选磁场强度分别为560和960 kA/m,摇床床面横向坡度为1°,试验结果见表7。结果表明,强磁选-重选精矿品位较单一重选精矿品位有较大幅度提升,强磁选粗选磁场强度560 kA/m时,重选入选TiO2品位为22.18%,重选可以得到TiO2品位34.95%、作业回收率28.67%、对原矿回收率15.55%的选别指标。强磁选粗选磁场强度960 kA/m时,重选入选TiO2品位为18.73%,重选可以获得TiO2品位34.08%、作业回收率25.15%、对原矿回收率17.90%的选别指标。综合考虑TiO2回收率和TiO2品位,强磁选磁场强度选择960 kA/m。
对于弱磁选尾矿提钛,采用强磁选-重选流程选别指标较好,但精矿TiO2品位仅34.08%,仍然达不到冶炼要求。采用一粗一精强磁选工艺,进一步提高重选流程的入选品位,以期得到高品位钛精矿产品。强磁选粗选磁场强度960 kA/m、精选磁场强度560 kA/m,对强磁选精矿再进行摇床重选,摇床床面水平坡度1°,一粗一精强磁选-重选试验结果见表89。一粗一精强磁选-重选可获得作业产率26.46%、TiO2品位40.81%、TiO2回收率43.16%的钛铁矿精矿。
弱磁选-强磁选-重选全流程试验数质量流程图见图3。原矿经弱磁选,可以得到产率19.55%、TFe品位62.82%、TiO2品位3.62%的铁精矿产品,TFe回收率为51.32%;弱磁选尾矿经强磁选-重选,可以得到产率3.63%、TFe品位37.28%、TiO2品位40.81%的钛精矿产品,TiO2回收率为18.47%。
1)河南新县钛铁矿矿石中有用矿物主要为钛磁铁矿,脉石矿物主要为石英和长石类矿物。矿石中有用成分为铁和钛,TFe和TiO2品位分别为23.93%和8.02%,磁性铁占46.01%,有用矿物嵌布粒度较为复杂。
2)原矿磨矿至-0.074 mm粒级占84.78%,经弱磁选流程可初步分离铁和钛,其中弱磁选精矿TFe和TiO2品位分别为60.21%和3.60%,通过再磨再选后,再磨细度为-0.074 mm粒级占89.00%时,得到铁精矿TFe和TiO2品位分别为62.82%和3.62%,产率为19.55%,铁回收率为51.32%,磁性铁回收效果显著。
3)弱磁选尾矿经强磁选流程处理,强磁选粗选磁场强度为960 kA/m,精选磁场强度为560 kA/m,可初步实现TiO2的富集,此时强磁选精选精矿TFe和TiO2品位分别为23.39%和25.02%;强磁选精选精矿采用摇床重选,能使TiO2得到较好的富集,重选精矿TiO2品位40.81%,钛回收率为18.47%。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52204276)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.04.012
  • 接收时间:2025-02-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14
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国家自然科学基金(52204276)
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    武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖北 武汉 430205

通讯作者:

路漫漫(1989—),男,安徽铜陵人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为化工固废资源化利用、化工矿物综合利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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