矿冶工程杂志

深部特大型矿山超大面积开采地表岩移演化规律与井筒稳定性系统分析

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石磊 ¹ , 于振建 ¹ , 王玉丁 ²^,³ , 龚永超 ²^,³ , 林卫星 ²^,³ , 徐敏 ¹ , 陆锦涛 ²^,³ , 栗伟 ¹ , 张庆嵩 ²^,³ , 周雨馨 ²^,³

矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2026,46(4): 60-66

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矿冶工程杂志 |采矿 2026 , 46 (4) : 60 -66

深部特大型矿山超大面积开采地表岩移演化规律与井筒稳定性系统分析

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石磊¹, 于振建¹, 王玉丁²^,³, 龚永超²^,³, 林卫星²^,³, 徐敏¹, 陆锦涛²^,³, 栗伟¹, 张庆嵩²^,³, 周雨馨²^,³

作者信息

^1．安徽开发矿业有限公司，安徽合肥 230001

^2．长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司，湖南长沙 410012

^3．战略性稀有金属矿产高效开发国家技术创新中心，湖南长沙 410012

通讯作者:

王玉丁（1993—），男，湖南隆回人，硕士，工程师，主要从事金属矿山采矿工艺研究工作。E-mail: diwangyuding@163.com

作者简介:

石磊（1986—），男，甘肃庆阳人，高级工程师，主要从事金属矿山采矿方法及工艺研究工作。E-mail: 460742400@qq.com

Evolution Law of Surface Rock Movement and Systematic Analysis of Shaft Stability for Mining of Super-Large Area in Deep Super-Large Mine

Lei SHI¹, Zhenjian YU¹, Yuding WANG²^,³, Yongchao GONG²^,³, Weixing LIN²^,³, Min XU¹, Jintao LU²^,³, Wei LI¹, Qingsong ZHANG²^,³, Yuxin ZHOU²^,³

Affiliations

^1.Anhui Development Mining Co., Ltd., Hefei 230001, Anhui, China

^2.Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Changsha 410012, Hunan, China

^3.National Technological Innovation Center for Efficient Development of Strategic Rare Metal Mineral Resources, Changsha 410012, Hunan, China

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.008

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摘要

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以国内某特大型铁矿为工程背景，利用FLAC^3D计算和分析了井下超大面积采-充作业诱发的岩移规律，并结合相关规范对地表及井筒的变形程度进行了评价。结果表明：开采扰动区上、下盘矿岩属于岩移集中区域，沉降、隆起峰值位移分别约为9、6 cm，并呈拱形往地表方向或下盘岩层深处逐步递减，同时深部开采活动易加剧浅部中段岩体变形；地表倾斜、曲率以及水平变形最大绝对值分别为0.22 mm/m、0.002×10^-3/m、0.12 mm/m，均小于相关规范最大允许变形值，表明深部开采不易造成地表建（构）筑物发生倾斜变形破坏，但南、北措施井位于移动带范围之内。进一步的井筒稳定性分析表明，南、北措施井尽管受到开采扰动影响，但井壁倾斜、曲率以及水平变形指标峰值依次为0.52 mm/m、0.09× 10^-3/m、0.18 mm/m，变形指标同样未超过相关规范允许值范围；地表主、副井各监测点历年沉降累计最大位移低于4.6 mm，表明井下超大面积开采对主、副井及其他建（构）筑物的稳定性影响较小。

关键词

采空区 / 充填采矿 / 深部开采 / 特大型矿山 / 地表岩移 / 矿山安全 / 井筒稳定性 / 沉降监测

Abstract

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With a domestic super-large iron mine taken as research background, FLAC^3D was adopted to calculate and analyze the rock movement law by mining and backfilling operations of underground super-large area, and the deformation degrees of the ground surface and shafts were also evaluated according to relevant standards. It is found that the hanging wall and foot wall in the mining disturbed zone are concentrated within rock movement zones. The peak displacements of subsidence and uplift are approximately 9 cm and 6 cm respectively, which decrease gradually in an arch-shaped pattern toward the ground surface or deep footwall strata. Meanwhile, deep mining activities tend to aggravate the deformation of rock masses in middle sections. The maximum absolute values of surface inclination, curvature and horizontal deformation are 0.22 mm/m, 0.002×10^-3/m and 0.12 mm/m, respectively, all less than the maximum allowable deformation values specified in relevant standards. It indicates that deep mining is unlikely to induce tilting deformation of surface buildings (structures), whereas the southern and northern service shafts are located within the movement zones. Further shaft stability analysis reveals that the southern and northern service shafts are subjected to mining disturbances, and the peak values of inclination, curvature and horizontal deformation of shaft wall are 0.52 mm/m, 0.09 × 10^-3/m and 0.18 mm/m respectively, which are also within the permissible limits according to relevant standards. The maximum cumulative subsidence over time at each monitoring point of the main and auxiliary shafts to the surface is less than 4.6 mm, which indicates that the underground mining of super-large area exerts slight influences on the stability of the main and auxiliary shafts, as well as other buildings (structures).

Key words

goaf / backfill mining / deep mining / super-large mine / surface rock movement / mine safety / shaft stability / subsidence monitoring

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石磊, 于振建, 王玉丁, 龚永超, 林卫星, 徐敏, 陆锦涛, 栗伟, 张庆嵩, 周雨馨. 深部特大型矿山超大面积开采地表岩移演化规律与井筒稳定性系统分析. 矿冶工程杂志, 2026 , 46 (4) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.008

Lei SHI, Zhenjian YU, Yuding WANG, Yongchao GONG, Weixing LIN, Min XU, Jintao LU, Wei LI, Qingsong ZHANG, Yuxin ZHOU. Evolution Law of Surface Rock Movement and Systematic Analysis of Shaft Stability for Mining of Super-Large Area in Deep Super-Large Mine[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2026 , 46 (4) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.008

基金

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国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1010701)
中国五矿科技专项计划项目(2023ZXB01; 2026ZXB01)

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2026年第46卷第4期

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文章信息

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.008

接收时间：2026-03-07
首发时间：2026-10-08

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收稿日期：2026-03-07

基金

国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1010701)

中国五矿科技专项计划项目(2023ZXB01; 2026ZXB01)

作者信息

^1．安徽开发矿业有限公司，安徽合肥 230001

^2．长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司，湖南长沙 410012

^3．战略性稀有金属矿产高效开发国家技术创新中心，湖南长沙 410012

通讯作者:

王玉丁（1993—），男，湖南隆回人，硕士，工程师，主要从事金属矿山采矿工艺研究工作。E-mail: diwangyuding@163.com

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.008

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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