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The electronic structure and spin state of pristine rhodochrosite and rhodochrosites with Mn atoms substituted by Ca, Mg or Fe atoms were calculated by density functional theory (DFT), and the magnetism of rhodochrosites was investigated by calculating their spin magnetic moment. The results show that substituting Mn atoms in rhodochrosite for Ca, Mg or Fe atoms can weaken the magnetism of rhodochrosite, and, among the four types of atoms, Mn atoms exhibit the highest saturation magnetization, followed by Fe atoms. The magnetic field and spin magnetic moment generated by the relative motion of ion core to electron of Mn2+ are larger than those of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+.

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采用密度泛函理论计算了菱锰矿以及Mg、Ca、Fe原子取代Mn原子后菱锰矿晶体的电子结构以及自旋状态,通过计算磁矩说明菱锰矿晶体以及杂质原子取代后菱锰矿的磁学性质。结果表明,杂质原子Ca、Mg、Fe取代菱锰矿中Mn原子均会降低菱锰矿磁性,其中Mn原子饱和磁化强度最大,其次为Fe原子,Mn2+离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩均大于Ca2+、Mg2+和Fe2+离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩。

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张覃(1967—),女,贵州毕节人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为难选矿石选矿及资源综合利用。E-mail:
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张景奇(1998—),男,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为难选矿石选矿及资源综合利用。E-mail:

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张景奇(1998—),男,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为难选矿石选矿及资源综合利用。E-mail:

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(a)Ca原子取代;(b)Mg原子取代;(c)Fe原子取代

, figureFileSmall=w9Zi3JaAlTinCmjaoV+fnA==, figureFileBig=A7/OSKJun2AW2WOKAbESBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651361591816558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Electron configuration outside nucleus, figureFileSmall=0pOwWH8DwEJfa31Hd0vvlg==, figureFileBig=4t5Br0KfiZv52zxtWPYV4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363135320441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=图3, caption=原子核外电子排布, figureFileSmall=0pOwWH8DwEJfa31Hd0vvlg==, figureFileBig=4t5Br0KfiZv52zxtWPYV4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363244372355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electron configuration of Mn atom and Fe atom at d orbital in rhombosite crystal field, figureFileSmall=k7jpRZHACh6ScRU3dYEIUA==, figureFileBig=y9/iulKRCnJ9rX9xWQBfMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363324064139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菱锰矿晶体场中Mn和Fe原子d轨道的电子排布, figureFileSmall=k7jpRZHACh6ScRU3dYEIUA==, figureFileBig=y9/iulKRCnJ9rX9xWQBfMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363537973656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Spin polarization band structure and state density of rhombosite, figureFileSmall=W4kaEe8jiFY5X4eKBBgbWQ==, figureFileBig=8dIZ1z/rSrrPqYjgsjjeTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363638636958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菱锰矿自旋极化能带结构和态密度

(a)多数自旋态;(b)少数自旋态

, figureFileSmall=W4kaEe8jiFY5X4eKBBgbWQ==, figureFileBig=8dIZ1z/rSrrPqYjgsjjeTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363764466090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Total state density of rhombosite, figureFileSmall=YDTTkEKIPZG1K/GCcD4NRA==, figureFileBig=POoZ4fllwGP4xUsBq+yQUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363881906609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菱锰矿总态密度, figureFileSmall=YDTTkEKIPZG1K/GCcD4NRA==, figureFileBig=POoZ4fllwGP4xUsBq+yQUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651363990958523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Spin polarization band structure and state density of rhodochrosite with substitutional Mg, figureFileSmall=MyjHeRoxDLt72PmF9ZylnQ==, figureFileBig=kbgRj21knVHKgeZMZrHDQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651364120981957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Mg取代菱锰矿自旋极化能带结构和态密度

(a)多数自旋态;(b)少数自旋态

, figureFileSmall=MyjHeRoxDLt72PmF9ZylnQ==, figureFileBig=kbgRj21knVHKgeZMZrHDQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651364242616781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Spin polarization band structure and state density of rhodochrosite with substitutional Ca, figureFileSmall=+a0M9TarCze22B3YNc7L/Q==, figureFileBig=zI0WCV8v+CO3hlowo0wWBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651364360057304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Ca取代菱锰矿自旋极化能带结构和态密度

(a)多数自旋态;(b)少数自旋态

, figureFileSmall=+a0M9TarCze22B3YNc7L/Q==, figureFileBig=zI0WCV8v+CO3hlowo0wWBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651364498469347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Spin polarization band structure and state density of rhodochrosite with substitutional Fe, figureFileSmall=2AegzfseZKLlLVIX3+Oqrg==, figureFileBig=JNvJAFwRs7Ysb369t/kBzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651364628492781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=图9, caption=Fe取代菱锰矿自旋极化能带结构和态密度

(a)多数自旋态;(b)少数自旋态

, figureFileSmall=2AegzfseZKLlLVIX3+Oqrg==, figureFileBig=JNvJAFwRs7Ysb369t/kBzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651364783682038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Electron numbers of spin, total magnetic moment and spin state of rhodochrosite with and without substitution of impurities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取代状态NNNMs多数自旋态少数自旋态
取代前102.072.017430自旋向上自旋向下
Ca取代103.573.517730
Fe取代102.073.017529
Mg取代102.572.517530
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364909511166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

杂质原子取代前后菱锰矿自旋电子数、总磁矩及自旋状态

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取代状态NNNMs多数自旋态少数自旋态
取代前102.072.017430自旋向上自旋向下
Ca取代103.573.517730
Fe取代102.073.017529
Mg取代102.572.517530
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365026951686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Spin magnetic moment of rhombosite with and without substitution of impurities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取代状态自旋磁矩/(10-22A·m2自旋磁矩的模/(10-22A·m2
取代前5.5645.565
Ca取代4.6374.638
Fe取代5.3795.380
Mg取代4.6374.638
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365144392208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631874452779824, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

杂质原子取代前后菱锰矿自旋磁矩

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取代状态自旋磁矩/(10-22A·m2自旋磁矩的模/(10-22A·m2
取代前5.5645.565
Ca取代4.6374.638
Fe取代5.3795.380
Mg取代4.6374.638
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杂质取代对菱锰矿磁性的影响研究
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张景奇 1 , 张覃 2, 3, 4
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(1): 51-56
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(1): 51-56
杂质取代对菱锰矿磁性的影响研究
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张景奇1 , 张覃2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州科学院,贵州 贵阳 550001
  • 3.喀斯特地区优势矿产资源高效利用国家地方联合工程实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 4.贵州省非金属矿产资源综合利用重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 张景奇(1998—),男,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为难选矿石选矿及资源综合利用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张覃(1967—),女,贵州毕节人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为难选矿石选矿及资源综合利用。E-mail:
Effect of Impurity Substitution on Magnetism of Rhodochrosite
Jingqi ZHANG1 , Qin ZHANG2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.Mining College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • 2.Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
  • 3.National & Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • 4.Guizhou Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Nonmetallic Mineral Resources, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
出版时间: 2025-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.009
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采用密度泛函理论计算了菱锰矿以及Mg、Ca、Fe原子取代Mn原子后菱锰矿晶体的电子结构以及自旋状态,通过计算磁矩说明菱锰矿晶体以及杂质原子取代后菱锰矿的磁学性质。结果表明,杂质原子Ca、Mg、Fe取代菱锰矿中Mn原子均会降低菱锰矿磁性,其中Mn原子饱和磁化强度最大,其次为Fe原子,Mn2+离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩均大于Ca2+、Mg2+和Fe2+离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩。

菱锰矿  /  磁性  /  杂质取代  /  密度泛函理论  /  电子自旋  /  离子实

The electronic structure and spin state of pristine rhodochrosite and rhodochrosites with Mn atoms substituted by Ca, Mg or Fe atoms were calculated by density functional theory (DFT), and the magnetism of rhodochrosites was investigated by calculating their spin magnetic moment. The results show that substituting Mn atoms in rhodochrosite for Ca, Mg or Fe atoms can weaken the magnetism of rhodochrosite, and, among the four types of atoms, Mn atoms exhibit the highest saturation magnetization, followed by Fe atoms. The magnetic field and spin magnetic moment generated by the relative motion of ion core to electron of Mn2+ are larger than those of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+.

rhodochrosite  /  magnetism  /  impurity substitution  /  density functional theory (DFT)  /  electron spin  /  ion core
张景奇, 张覃. 杂质取代对菱锰矿磁性的影响研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 51 -56 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.009
Jingqi ZHANG, Qin ZHANG. Effect of Impurity Substitution on Magnetism of Rhodochrosite[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (1) : 51 -56 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.009
我国锰矿石资源禀赋较差,优质锰矿少,多为低品位锰矿石,且具有矿物嵌布粒度细、含锰矿物类质同象等典型特征[1]。随着锰矿资源的开采和消耗,富锰资源逐渐减少,碳酸锰矿石成为锰资源的主要来源之一,菱锰矿(MnCO3)是碳酸锰矿石的主要含锰矿物[2]。我国是全球最大的锰矿石消费大国,但高品位锰矿石对外依存度较高。为满足未来锰市场的需求,开发低品位菱锰矿具有重要的现实意义。
菱锰矿属于弱磁性矿物[3],可以通过强磁选将菱锰矿与其他非磁性矿物分离[4]。菱锰矿存在类质同象取代特征,其中的Mn原子常被Ca、Mg、Fe等原子取代[5]。多电子原子的原子磁性由多电子原子所处的电子状态决定,原子内部的满壳层角动量和磁矩都为0,所以原子的电子状态主要取决于比较靠外的不满壳层[6]。菱锰矿中Mn原子被其他杂质原子取代后,菱锰矿电子结构发生变化。矿物电子结构对矿物的性质(如磁性)具有决定性作用。由于矿物形成条件的多样性,不同来源的菱锰矿都存在一定程度的杂质缺陷。使用第一性原理可以对矿物中原子的电子自旋状态进行分析,进而分析矿物磁性[7-8]。但采用第一性原理分析菱锰矿磁性的研究较少。本文基于第一性原理、采用密度泛函理论计算菱锰矿以及Mg、Ca、Fe原子取代Mn原子后菱锰矿晶体的电子结构以及自旋状态,通过计算磁矩说明菱锰矿晶体以及杂质原子取代后菱锰矿的磁学性质。通过描述核外电子的运动状态研究杂质原子取代对菱锰矿晶体磁性的影响,有助于明晰具有类质同象取代特征菱锰矿的磁性特征,对菱锰矿磁选分离具有理论指导意义。
密度泛函理论是量子化学和凝聚态物理中广泛使用的电子结构计算方法[9-11],是第一性原理计算的一种重要方法。本文基于第一性原理计算菱锰矿中金属原子的自旋极化,运用Materials Studio软件的CASTEP模块[12]完成,所用菱锰矿晶体结构晶胞参数为:a=b=0.477 71 nm,c=1.566 40 nm,α=β=90°,γ=120°。菱锰矿体相几何优化过程包含3个方面,分别是交换-关联函数、截断能、布里源区k点。采用BFGS算法[13]优化晶体结构。采用超软赝势描述电子与离子核之间的相互作用。几何优化按以下的收敛精度设置:最大力、最大应力和最大位移的收敛精度分别设置为0.1 eV/A、0.2 GPa和0.000 5 nm;总能量和SCF收敛精度分别设置为5.0×10-5、2.0×10-6 eV/atom。
优化后的菱锰矿晶体结构如图1所示,Ca、Mg、Fe原子取代后的菱锰矿晶体结构如图2所示。
研究原子角动量和磁矩时,可以把原子核和内部满壳层看成离子实,从而讨论不满壳层电子在离子实势场中的运动,哈密顿量H为:
式中:为单电子哈密顿量,其计算公式见式(2);表示电子之间的库仑相互作用,其中rij表示不同电子之间的距离;为自旋-轨道耦合项,原子核-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩有相互作用,其计算式见式(3)。
式中:为第i个离子实的势能;pi为第i个电子的动量;mi为第i个电子的质量。在这里,各电子相互独立运动,势能只与电子到离子实的距离相关,没有方向性,且自旋-轨道相互作用与长度li和面积si的标量积成正比[6]
Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe等原子核外电子排布如图3所示。原子内部满壳层角动量和磁矩均为0,分析图3可知,Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe原子的自旋磁矩数分别为5、0、0、4。饱和磁化强度指磁性材料在外加磁场中被磁化时能达到的最大磁化强度。饱和磁化强度取决于组成材料的磁性原子数、原子磁矩和温度。对于单个原子,其他条件相同的情况下,可以通过自旋磁矩数大小判断其饱和磁化强度。Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe原子中Mn原子饱和磁化强度最大,其次是Fe。
Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe原子在菱锰矿晶体中的价态都为+2价。在配合物中,中心离子在周围配体的静电场作用下,d轨道能级发生分裂。中心原子d轨道能级分裂后最高能级与最低能级之间的能量差称为分裂能。轨道中已经排布了一个电子时,另一个电子进入并且与前一个电子成对时,要克服电子之间的静电排斥作用,所需能量称为电子成对能。中心离子分裂能小于电子成对能时,中心离子处于高自旋态;中心离子分裂能大于电子成对能时,中心离子处于低自旋态。菱锰矿晶体中d轨道分裂能为28 400 cm-1,Mn2+和Fe2+的电子成对能分别为23 825、19 150 cm-1,中心离子分裂能大于电子成对能,中心离子处于低自旋态。
根据晶体场理论得到Mn和Fe原子的d轨道电子排布如图4所示。菱锰矿晶体中Ca和Mg外层电子处于满壳状态,没有不成对的单电子。
电子磁矩由电子的自旋磁矩和轨道磁矩组成。晶体中轨道磁矩受晶格的作用,其方向是变化的,不能形成一个联合磁矩,对外没有磁性作用。因此,物质磁性主要由电子自旋磁矩引起。物质磁性的强弱通常用磁矩表示。原子或离子的磁矩μ与其未成对电子数n有关,原子或离子的总磁矩由轨道磁矩和电子自旋磁矩组成,轨道磁矩很小,若忽略轨道磁矩,则原子或离子磁矩与未成对电子数之间具有如下近似关系:
菱锰矿中Mn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+的磁矩分别为1.606×10-23A·m2、0、0、0。因此菱锰矿中杂质原子Ca、Mg、Fe取代Mn原子会降低菱锰矿的磁性。
哈密顿量是所有粒子的动能总和加上与系统相关的粒子势能,不同情况或数量的粒子哈密顿量不同[14]。由菱锰矿中Mn原子和各杂质原子在菱锰矿晶体场作用下的d轨道电子排布图可知,菱锰矿中Mn2+外层不满壳层电子数为1,取代后杂质离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+不满壳层电子均为0。哈密顿量公式中三项均与离子实外不满壳层单电子的状态相关,因此可以得到,Mn2+的哈密顿量大于0,而杂质Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+在菱锰矿晶体场作用下哈密顿量为0。所以Mn2+的离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩大于Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+的离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩。
图5为菱锰矿自旋向上态和自旋向下态能带结构和态密度图,图6为菱锰矿总态密度,图79为Mg、Ca、Fe取代Mn后的菱锰矿自旋向上态和自旋向下态能带结构和态密度图。
图5可以看出,费米能级与自旋向上态的态密度图相交且处于自旋向下态的态密度图的能隙之中,所以菱锰矿晶体为100%自旋极化。菱锰矿自旋向上态密度和自旋向下态密度不对称,说明菱锰矿晶体净自旋值不为0,具有自旋极化。由图6可知,菱锰矿总态密度表现为能级分裂,自旋向上和自旋向下态密度图不对称,说明菱锰矿具有磁性。
图79可以看出,Mg、Ca、Fe取代Mn后的菱锰矿晶体自旋向上的态密度和自旋向下的态密度也不对称,说明杂质原子取代的菱锰矿晶体净自旋值不为0,具有自旋极化。
定义N为上自旋电子数、N为下自旋电子数、Ms为总磁矩,且:
菱锰矿及杂质原子取代的上、下自旋电子数、总磁矩及自旋状态如表1所示。从表1可以看出,菱锰矿上自旋电子数与下自旋电子数不相等,这也印证了能带结构和态密度图分析结果。菱锰矿及杂质原子取代后的菱锰矿晶体表现为自旋向上。Fe原子取代后,菱锰矿磁矩降低,但Ca、Mg原子取代没有改变菱锰矿的磁矩。Fe3O4Ms为4[15],说明菱锰矿磁性强于Fe3O4
菱锰矿晶体上自旋和下自旋能带结构表明,菱锰矿晶体自旋向上能带结构中,价带能级达到了费米能级,表现出一定的金属特性,自旋向下的能带结构表现为绝缘体特性。杂质原子的取代使得菱锰矿能带结构有一定程度改变,杂质原子取代后菱锰矿晶体禁带宽度降低。杂质原子取代前、后菱锰矿能带结构中自旋向上态价带能级更靠近费米能级,说明菱锰矿中主要自旋态的反应活性更高。
杂质原子取代前后菱锰矿的自旋磁矩如表2所示。由表2可知,杂质原子取代Mn原子,菱锰矿体系电子自旋磁矩降低,Fe原子取代相比Ca、Mg原子取代菱锰矿体系电子自旋磁矩值更大,说明Fe原子取代对菱锰矿电子自旋磁矩的影响较小。
表1表2可见,Fe原子取代使得菱锰矿总磁矩降低、磁性降低;Ca、Mg原子取代使得菱锰矿电子自旋磁矩降低,但总磁矩没有发生明显变化,可能的原因是轨道磁矩作用使得菱锰矿在Ca、Mg原子取代后总磁矩没有发生变化。杂质取代前、后菱锰矿的自旋磁矩及其模均非零,且前者小于后者,表明杂质原子取代前、后菱锰矿体系均为亚铁磁性。
1)其他条件相同时,可以通过单个原子的自旋磁矩数判断其饱和磁化强度。Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe原子中Mn原子饱和磁化强度最大,其次为Fe。菱锰矿晶体中心离子d轨道分裂对磁性的影响研究结果表明,菱锰矿中杂质原子Ca、Mg、Fe取代Mn原子,菱锰矿磁性降低。
2)Mn2+哈密顿量大于0,Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+在菱锰矿晶体场作用下哈密顿量为0,Mn2+的离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩大于Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+的离子实-电子相对运动产生的磁场与自旋磁矩。
3)Mg、Ca、Fe原子取代前、后菱锰矿晶体自旋向上和自旋向下的态密度均不对称,说明杂质原子取代的菱锰矿晶体净自旋值不为0,具有自旋极化。Fe原子取代使得菱锰矿总磁矩降低、磁性降低,Ca、Mg原子取代使得菱锰矿电子自旋磁矩降低,但总磁矩没有发生明显变化。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903500)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.009
  • 接收时间:2024-08-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-17
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国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903500)
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    1.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州科学院,贵州 贵阳 550001
    3.喀斯特地区优势矿产资源高效利用国家地方联合工程实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
    4.贵州省非金属矿产资源综合利用重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025

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张覃(1967—),女,贵州毕节人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为难选矿石选矿及资源综合利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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