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The process and mechanism of removing iron ions from manganese leaching solution by a combination of pyrite and air were explored. The results show that after iron removal by 1 hour of reaction at 25 ℃, with pH of solution at 2.5, addition of pyrite at an amount of 15 g/L, and air flow rate at 2.4 L/min, the left leaching solution has a mass concentration of residual iron ions less than 0.01 g/L, and the manganese recovery rate is higher than 99%. Pyrite as a reducing agent, in combination with air in the solution, creates an active reaction zone around pyrite with the coexistence of Fe3+/Fe2+ with oxygen, which contributes to the precipitation of iron ions in the form of goethite in the solution for removal.

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研究了黄铁矿和空气组合去除锰浸出液中铁离子的过程及机理。结果表明:在溶液pH值2.5、反应温度25 ℃、黄铁矿用量15 g/L、空气用量2.4 L/min和反应时间1 h条件下,除铁后浸出液中残余铁离子质量浓度小于0.01 g/L,锰回收率高于99%。黄铁矿作为还原物质与充入溶液的空气共同作用,使黄铁矿周围存在Fe3+/Fe2+与氧气共存的活性反应区域,有助于溶液中铁离子以针铁矿沉淀形式被去除。

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王雅静(1981—),女,河北张家口人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿物分选和资源回收利用等方向的研究。E-mail:
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张旭(1982—),男,河北衡水人,博士,讲师,主要从事矿物综合利用、矿物材料研发及微生物金属提取等方向的研究。E-mail:

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张旭(1982—),男,河北衡水人,博士,讲师,主要从事矿物综合利用、矿物材料研发及微生物金属提取等方向的研究。E-mail:

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张旭(1982—),男,河北衡水人,博士,讲师,主要从事矿物综合利用、矿物材料研发及微生物金属提取等方向的研究。E-mail:

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浸出液名称MnFeMgAl
L130.004.00
L233.788.010.310.85
L332.946.522.155.16
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锰矿浸出液主要成分

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浸出液名称MnFeMgAl
L130.004.00
L233.788.010.310.85
L332.946.522.155.16
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浸出液种类浸出液中金属残余质量浓度/(g·L-1锰回收率/%
FeMnAlMg
L2<0.0133.520.830.3099.17
L3<0.0132.675.112.1299.18
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实际锰浸出液除铁结果

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浸出液种类浸出液中金属残余质量浓度/(g·L-1锰回收率/%
FeMnAlMg
L2<0.0133.520.830.3099.17
L3<0.0132.675.112.1299.18
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黄铁矿与空气组合强化去除锰浸出液中铁离子
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张旭 1, 2, 3 , 王雅静 1, 2 , 李占成 4 , 简柏林 1 , 黄才峰 1 , 王梓芊 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(5): 109-113
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(5): 109-113
黄铁矿与空气组合强化去除锰浸出液中铁离子
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张旭1, 2, 3 , 王雅静1, 2 , 李占成4, 简柏林1, 黄才峰1, 王梓芊1
作者信息
  • 1.河北地质大学 宝石与材料工艺学院,河北 石家庄 050031
  • 2.硅酸盐固废资源化利用河北省工程研究中心,河北 石家庄 050031
  • 3.河北省岩石矿物材料绿色开发重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050031
  • 4.中色科技股份有限公司,河南 洛阳 471039
  • 张旭(1982—),男,河北衡水人,博士,讲师,主要从事矿物综合利用、矿物材料研发及微生物金属提取等方向的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王雅静(1981—),女,河北张家口人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿物分选和资源回收利用等方向的研究。E-mail:
Enhanced Technique for Removal of Iron Ions from Manganese Leaching Solution by a Combination of Pyrite and Air
Xu ZHANG1, 2, 3 , Yajing WANG1, 2 , Zhancheng LI4, Bolin JIAN1, Caifeng HUANG1, Ziqian WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Gemology and Material Technology, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
  • 2.Hebei Province Engineering Research Center for Silicate Solid Waste Recycling, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
  • 3.Hebei Key Laboratory of Green Development of Rock and Mineral Materials, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
  • 4.China Nonferrous Metals Processing Technology Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, Henan, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.022
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研究了黄铁矿和空气组合去除锰浸出液中铁离子的过程及机理。结果表明:在溶液pH值2.5、反应温度25 ℃、黄铁矿用量15 g/L、空气用量2.4 L/min和反应时间1 h条件下,除铁后浸出液中残余铁离子质量浓度小于0.01 g/L,锰回收率高于99%。黄铁矿作为还原物质与充入溶液的空气共同作用,使黄铁矿周围存在Fe3+/Fe2+与氧气共存的活性反应区域,有助于溶液中铁离子以针铁矿沉淀形式被去除。

除铁  /  黄铁矿  /  空气  /  锰矿浸出液

The process and mechanism of removing iron ions from manganese leaching solution by a combination of pyrite and air were explored. The results show that after iron removal by 1 hour of reaction at 25 ℃, with pH of solution at 2.5, addition of pyrite at an amount of 15 g/L, and air flow rate at 2.4 L/min, the left leaching solution has a mass concentration of residual iron ions less than 0.01 g/L, and the manganese recovery rate is higher than 99%. Pyrite as a reducing agent, in combination with air in the solution, creates an active reaction zone around pyrite with the coexistence of Fe3+/Fe2+ with oxygen, which contributes to the precipitation of iron ions in the form of goethite in the solution for removal.

iron removal  /  pyrite  /  air  /  manganese leaching solution
张旭, 王雅静, 李占成, 简柏林, 黄才峰, 王梓芊. 黄铁矿与空气组合强化去除锰浸出液中铁离子. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 109 -113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.022
Xu ZHANG, Yajing WANG, Zhancheng LI, Bolin JIAN, Caifeng HUANG, Ziqian WANG. Enhanced Technique for Removal of Iron Ions from Manganese Leaching Solution by a Combination of Pyrite and Air[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 109 -113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.022
锰及锰的化工产品是现代工业发展的重要基础材料和战略资源[1-2]。近年来,随着能源电池、环境治理和化学催化的快速发展,锰系化工产品的需求急剧增长,进而使得锰矿资源开发利用和化学电源中锰的回收受到广大研究者的重视[3-6]。在锰矿资源开发和电池材料回收过程中,通常需用硫酸对矿石或材料进行化学处理,使得矿石或材料中部分金属元素(如铁)进入酸性溶液中[7-8]。目前从溶液中除铁的方法主要有黄钾/铵铁钒法[9-10]、针铁矿法[11-13]、赤铁矿法[14-15]和中和水解法[16]。但由于溶液中Fe3+和Fe2+的化学特性,从溶液中去除铁离子通常需要加热或在一定压力条件下进行,如黄钾铁矾法除铁,在温度85 ℃以上、反应2 h可获得较好的除铁效果;赤铁矿法除铁则需要在温度120 ℃以上及一定氧分压情况下才能实现。寻找温和条件并能快速去除溶液中铁的方法对湿法冶金提取目的金属十分必要。
通常采用酸浸的方式处理锰矿,使得溶液中或多或少存在一定的Fe2+和Fe3+。水解沉淀法去除锰浸出液中铁元素的过程中,pH值、溶液中其他离子的干扰使得水解产生的铁化合物沉淀颗粒细小,且吸附大量浸出液中锰及其他有价金属,造成后续过滤困难和沉淀中有价金属的浪费。为了进一步探索和选择合适的锰浸出液除铁方法,本文利用黄铁矿、空气和溶液中铁离子之间的氧化还原反应关系,针对锰矿浸出液进行除铁研究,以期为锰矿浸出液除铁及相关湿法冶金过程提供必要的技术基础。
实验原料为浸出锰的模拟溶液L1、广西某锰矿两矿法浸出液L2和大洋锰结核两矿法浸出液L3(两矿法浸出过程中均使用硫酸浸出),其最终pH值为1.5±0.1,具体成分见表1。实验所用黄铁矿精矿粒度小于100 μm,其XRD分析结果见图1
实验所用化学试剂Fe2(SO43(分析纯)、MnSO4·H2O(分析纯)和CaCO3(分析纯)均购自国药集团。实验还使用少量稀硫酸调节溶液初始pH值。
实验在500 mL洗气瓶中进行,并采用有磁力搅拌的恒温水浴装置进行搅拌和控制反应温度,搅拌速率200 r/min。溶液除铁过程中,黄铁矿颗粒在15 min内分4次(每次加入25%)加入300 mL浸出液中。实验过程中加入CaCO3(10 mL去离子水与5 g碳酸钙混合成悬浊液,并滴加进入溶液)调节pH值。
采用ICP-OES(Thermo Fisher iCAP PRO)测定溶液中金属离子,采用雷磁PHS-25测定溶液pH值。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD,Bruker D8 Advance,DEU)、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪(SEM-EDS,TESCAN MIRA LMS,CZE)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS,Thermo Scientific K-Alpha,USA)分析锰浸出液的除铁过程。
黄铁矿与空气组合去除溶液中铁离子的机理主要基于黄铁矿与空气在溶液中的氧化还原反应、黄铁矿与溶液中Fe3+的化学反应、Fe2+与空气在溶液中的氧化还原反应和Fe3+、Fe2+水解反应等化学作用[17-19]。可能涉及的反应[12,20-22]如下:
黄铁矿与空气组合强化溶液中除铁是一个复杂的固-液-气三相反应体系(黄铁矿-空气-溶液中铁离子间的化学反应),Fe-S-H2O溶液的Eh-pH值关系见图2。从图2可以看出,黄铁矿与空气中氧气共同加入必然会引起溶液中Fe3+和Fe2+浓度变化,同时氧气与黄铁矿在溶液中直接反应也会引起氧气在溶液中溶解的梯度变化,而这些变化使得在黄铁矿周围存在Fe3+/Fe2+与氧气共存的活性反应区域,使溶液中铁离子形成针铁矿沉淀。
黄铁矿用量是黄铁矿与空气组合强化除铁的重要参数。反应温度(25±1)℃、pH=2.5±0.1(碳酸钙悬浮液控制pH值)、空气用量2.4 L/min条件下,黄铁矿用量对锰矿浸出液L1除铁效果的影响见图3。从图3可以看出,添加黄铁矿后,溶液中的铁可以快速沉淀然后被去除,黄铁矿用量15 g/L时,反应45 min后除铁率超过95%,反应60 min后,除铁率高于99%。黄铁矿与空气组合强化溶液中除铁主要涉及黄铁矿与溶液中Fe3+和黄铁矿与空气辅助溶液中Fe3+/Fe2+转化等化学反应。合适的黄铁矿用量可以更好地促进这些反应的进行,以实现溶液中铁离子的快速沉淀。适宜的黄铁矿用量为15 g/L,该条件下反应60 min,可以获得除铁率高于99%、锰回收率99.23%的较好指标。
溶液除铁pH值对锰浸出液除铁过程中锰元素损失有明显影响[23]。反应温度(25±1)℃、空气用量2.4 L/min、黄铁矿用量15 g/L条件下,溶液pH值对锰矿浸出液L1除铁效果的影响见图4。由图4可以看出:在反应前30 min,较低pH值有利于去除溶液中铁;反应30 min时,pH=2.0和pH=3.5对应的除铁率分别为87.37%和79.57%;反应60 min时,pH=2.0和pH=3.5对应的除铁率分别为96.82%和99.65%。实验中发现,随着pH值升高,溶液中锰离子损失加大,pH=3.5时溶液中锰损失超过2%。适宜的pH值为2.5。
反应温度是化学反应的重要影响因素。pH=2.5±0.1、空气用量2.4 L/min、黄铁矿用量15 g/L条件下,反应温度对锰矿浸出液L1除铁效果的影响见图5。由图5可以看出,升高温度可以促进溶液中铁的去除,尤其是在反应前45 min。温度升高会加快化学反应的进行,但实际上黄铁矿的氧化过程是一个放热过程,且空气用量也会对黄铁矿氧化速率有一定影响,使得温度对锰矿浸出液除铁的影响更加复杂。综合考虑,选择反应温度25 ℃。
空气用量会影响溶液中Fe2+/Fe3+和黄铁矿的氧化还原反应速率。反应温度(25±1)℃、pH=2.5±0.1、黄铁矿用量15 g/L条件下,空气用量对锰矿浸出液L1除铁效果的影响见图6。从图6可以看出,随着空气用量增加,溶液除铁速率和除铁率均上升。因实验借助黄铁矿与空气组合作用除铁,除铁速率和除铁效率还受黄铁矿颗粒度、黄铁矿表面性质、溶液中Fe3+质量浓度和溶液中溶解氧速率等因素有关。综合考虑,适宜的空气用量为2.4 L/min。
为了进一步验证黄铁矿与空气组合强化去除锰矿浸出液中铁离子的效果,针对实际浸出液L2和浸出液L3进行了实验,实验条件为:pH=2.5、温度25 ℃、黄铁矿用量15 g/L、空气用量2.4 L/min、反应时间60 min,实验结果见表2。从表2可以看出,溶液中铁已基本去除,残余质量浓度小于0.01 g/L,锰损失率小于1%。利用黄铁矿与空气组合可以在低pH值和常温条件下快速去除锰矿浸出液中的铁离子,实现溶液中铁离子的高效去除。
虽然化学反应方程和Fe-S-H2O溶液的Eh-pH图能够基本解释黄铁矿与空气强化除铁的机理,但溶液中黄铁矿与空气组合的化学反应过程仍需进一步分析及证实。对pH=2.5±0.1、温度(25±1)℃、空气用量2.4 L/min、黄铁矿用量15 g/L条件下黄铁矿与空气组合强化除铁后的沉淀进行了XRD、SEM-EDS和XPS分析,结果分别见图7图8图9。分析图7可以看出,沉淀主要成分为碳酸钙中和溶液中硫酸后产生的二水石膏,另外有部分未反应的黄铁矿以及少量未反应的碳酸钙。溶液中铁元素已经去除,XRD分析结果表明铁的沉淀呈非晶物质存在。从图8可以看出,沉淀中主要存在3种形貌的颗粒:针状及片状的二水石膏、块状未反应的黄铁矿和小颗粒聚集体。其中小颗粒聚集体点扫描与黄铁矿点扫描结果表明,小颗粒聚集体中含氧比例明显高于黄铁矿中含氧比例,因此可以推断,小颗粒聚集体中可能存在铁的氧化物或氢氧化物沉淀。图9结果表明,沉淀中铁的Fe2p结合能主要出现在710.7 eV、724.6 eV和706.3 eV处,其中结合能710.7 eV和724.6 eV能够与针铁矿(FeO·OH)在Fe2p的结合能相匹配,实现了对黄铁矿作为还原物质与空气中氧气共同加入促使针铁矿形成的验证。另外,沉淀中硫的S2p结合能主要在169.18 eV和161.98 eV处,分别与二水石膏(CaSO4·H2O)和黄铁矿(FeS2)在S2p的结合能相匹配,说明沉淀中硫元素主要以二水石膏形式存在,有少量黄铁矿。
1)在pH=2.5、温度25 ℃、黄铁矿用量15 g/L、空气用量2.4 L/min、反应时间60 min条件下,锰矿浸出液中铁基本去除(溶液中铁元素质量浓度小于0.01 g/L)、锰回收率高于99%。
2)锰矿浸出液的除铁沉淀主要成分为二水石膏、未反应的黄铁矿、针铁矿(非晶态)和少量碳酸钙,其中未反应的黄铁矿主要为颗粒较大的黄铁矿和少量针铁矿包裹的黄铁矿。
3)黄铁矿作为还原物质,与空气中氧气共同加入锰矿浸出液中,引起溶液中Fe3+和Fe2+质量浓度变化,同时氧气与黄铁矿在溶液中直接反应使黄铁矿周围存在Fe3+/Fe2+与氧气共存的活性反应区域,在黄铁矿颗粒周围形成针铁矿从而去除溶液中的铁。
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.022
  • 接收时间:2024-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01
基金
河北省教育厅重点项目(D2019108)
西藏自治区重点研发计划(XZ202101ZY0008G)
河北地质大学科研立项项目(KBZ202305)
2023大学生创新创业训练计划项目(河北地质大学)
作者信息
    1.河北地质大学 宝石与材料工艺学院,河北 石家庄 050031
    2.硅酸盐固废资源化利用河北省工程研究中心,河北 石家庄 050031
    3.河北省岩石矿物材料绿色开发重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050031
    4.中色科技股份有限公司,河南 洛阳 471039

通讯作者:

王雅静(1981—),女,河北张家口人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿物分选和资源回收利用等方向的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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