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Based on the achievement of psychometrika and educational measurement, the analytical methods, indexes, and reports for US's large-scale educational assessment projects were improved. The Item Response Theory (IRT) was widely used in those projects. The advantage of IRT was introduced in order to offer some suggestions which can improve 's national survey for public scientific literacy.

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基于心理测量与教育测量的研究成果，以NAEP为代表的美国大规模教育评价项目不断改进其评价方法、评价指标和评价结论报告。这些评价项目都已经在以项目反应理论（IRT）为基础对测量结果进行处理和分析。文章介绍项目反应理论在准确性、样本选取和信息量上的优势，建议在科普研究所正在进行的“基于Rasch模型的试测分析研究”的基础上，进一步开展项目反应理论的应用研究，提升中国公民科学素质调查的研究水平。

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Department of Physics Education, Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany 24118, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1289656048348934470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1289656046448914744, authorId=1289656048185356610, language=CN, stringName=姚建欣, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=北京师范大学物理学系，北京　100875
莱布尼茨科学与数学教育研究所，德国 基尔　24118, bio={"content":"

姚建欣，北京师范大学和德国莱布尼茨科学与数学教育研究所联合培养博士研究生，研究方向为科学教育、物理教育，Email：yaojx@mail.bnu.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

姚建欣，北京师范大学和德国莱布尼茨科学与数学教育研究所联合培养博士研究生，研究方向为科学教育、物理教育，Email：yaojx@mail.bnu.edu.cn。

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