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The primary and middle schools are the official venues for formal science education with textbooks playing a key role in the process of teaching. The Commercial Press (Shang Wu Yin Shu Guan) was the first publishing house in publishing and distributing science textbooks in China since late Qing Dynasty. A group of famous scholars and researchers had made contribution to translate and edit the science textbooks from UK, US and Japan. It has made an extraordinary contribution in science education from late Qing through the founding of People's Republic of China in 1949.

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近代科学教育的主要场所是中小学校，自然科学教科书是科学教育中起到重要作用的学习教育工具。商务印书馆是我国第一家近代意义上的出版机构，也是我国第一家出版近代教科书的出版机构。商务印书馆因其出版自然科学教科书时间跨度长，具备现代的出版与教育理念，并组织了一批优秀的编辑队伍，使其出版的自然科学教科书在清末、民国中小学科学教育中发挥了重要作用。

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张宇，中科院研究生院人文学院科学传播硕士研究生，Email：zhangyu0801@gmail.com。

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张宇，中科院研究生院人文学院科学传播硕士研究生，Email：zhangyu0801@gmail.com。

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