Article(id=1241073946259411911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, issueId=1241073945709958086, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714924800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773824686827, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773824686827, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773824686827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824686827, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241073945709958086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, year='2024', volume='19', issue='6', pageStart='5', pageEnd='100', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773824686695, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824913499, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241074897049415717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, issueId=1241073945709958086, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241074897049415718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, issueId=1241073945709958086, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=17, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241073946502681546, articleId=1241073946259411911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, language=EN, title=A Study on the Group Differences and Influencing Factors of Science Career Expectations of Primary and Secondary School Students:Based on the Survey Data of 4 211 Primary and Secondary School Students in Sichuan and Chongqing Area, columnId=1240340986669363636, journalTitle=Studies on Science Popularization, columnName=Science Education, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Science career expectation is of great significance to the training of scientific and technological talents. Through the investigation of 4 211 primary and secondary school students in Sichuan and Chongqing area,this study found that: on the one hand,there are significant differences in gender,urban and rural areas,and educational stage of primary and secondary school students' science career expectations and the influencing factors. Science self-efficacy and parental factors have a greater impact on girls,parental factors have a greater impact on students in rural areas,and science participation has a greater impact on high school students. On the other hand,science identity,science self-efficacy,science participation,peer factors,and parental factors all have a significant impact on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students,with science identity having the greatest impact. Based on research findings,this study suggests leveraging the positive effects of science self-efficacy and parental factors on girls’science career expectations,the positive impact of parental factors on the science career expectations of students in rural areas,the positive role of science participation on high school students’science career expectations,and centering on science identity to enhance its positive influence on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students,thereby cultivating more top talents in science and technology.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei Deng, Bin Tan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241073946871780302, articleId=1241073946259411911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, language=CN, title=中小学生科学职业期望群体差异及影响因素研究——基于川渝地区4 211名中小学生的调查数据, columnId=1240340986908438973, journalTitle=科普研究, columnName=科学教育, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

科学职业期望对培养科技人才具有重要意义。本研究通过对川渝地区4 211名中小学生进行调查发现,一方面,中小学生科学职业期望及各影响因素均存在显著的性别、城乡和学段差异。科学自我效能感和父母因素对女生影响更大,父母因素对乡镇学生影响更大,科学参与对高中生影响更大。另一方面,科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与、同伴因素、父母因素均对中小学生科学职业期望具有显著影响,其中科学身份认同的影响程度最大。基于研究发现,本文建议应发挥科学自我效能感和父母因素对女生科学职业期望的积极作用,发挥父母因素对乡镇学生科学职业期望的积极影响,发挥科学参与对高中生科学职业期望的积极作用,并以科学身份认同为中心发挥其对中小学生科学职业期望的积极影响,从而培养更多科技拔尖创新人才。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
谭彬为通讯作者,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=IgW3An33oLmnT7c3z7Jndw==, magXml=hNMHeUWNwAYS9Kng5ht1sg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bnFdBih2W+HP7ZtdReHPkw==, pdfFileSize=1463767, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hUIQeMJLCRQeLrJGXIB7QA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邓磊,西南大学科学教育研究中心副教授,研究方向:科学教育、物理教育,E-mail:

, authorsList=邓磊, 谭彬)}, authors=[Author(id=1241073947161187287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dengleis@swu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241073947249267674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, authorId=1241073947161187287, language=EN, stringName=Lei Deng, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=Deng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Science Education Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241073947320570844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, authorId=1241073947161187287, language=CN, stringName=邓磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西南大学科学教育研究中心,重庆 400715, bio={"content":"

邓磊,西南大学科学教育研究中心副教授,研究方向:科学教育、物理教育,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

邓磊,西南大学科学教育研究中心副教授,研究方向:科学教育、物理教育,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241073947094078418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241073947102467027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, companyId=1241073947094078418, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Science Education Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241073947110855636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, companyId=1241073947094078418, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南大学科学教育研究中心,重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1241073947375096798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=t191402@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241073947454788578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, authorId=1241073947375096798, language=EN, stringName=Bin Tan, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=Tan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Science Education Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241073947521897444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, authorId=1241073947375096798, language=CN, stringName=谭彬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西南大学科学教育研究中心,重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241073947094078418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241073947102467027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, companyId=1241073947094078418, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Science Education Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241073947110855636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, companyId=1241073947094078418, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南大学科学教育研究中心,重庆 400715)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241073947614172133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=science career expectation), Keyword(id=1241073947735806953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=science identity), Keyword(id=1241073947807110126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=primary and secondary school students), Keyword(id=1241073947916162033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=cultivation of science and technology talents), Keyword(id=1241073947983270901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=科学职业期望), Keyword(id=1241073948079739898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=科学身份认同), Keyword(id=1241073948172013569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=中小学生), Keyword(id=1241073948260093958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=科技人才培养)], refs=[Reference(id=1241073952882217015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=教育部等十八部门关于加强新时代中小学科学教育工作的意见[EB/OL].(2023-05-26)[2024-09-12]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A29/202305/t20230529_1061838.html., articleTitle=教育部等十八部门关于加强新时代中小学科学教育工作的意见, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073952949325881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=36, issue=11, pageStart=1928, pageEnd=1937, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=杜欣, 赵文龙, 王晶莹, journalName=科学学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜欣,赵文龙,王晶莹. 科学资本对我国15岁学生STEM职业期望的影响研究 [J]. 科学学研究201836(11):1928-1937., articleTitle=科学资本对我国15岁学生STEM职业期望的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073953029017659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=76, pageEnd=83, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=王晶莹, 辛伟豪, 郑永和, journalName=教师教育研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王晶莹,辛伟豪,郑永和. 城乡教师素养如何影响中学生的STEM职业期望?——基于PISA 2015中国四省市数据的循证研究 [J]. 教师教育研究202032(6):76-83., articleTitle=城乡教师素养如何影响中学生的STEM职业期望?——基于PISA 2015中国四省市数据的循证研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073953117098044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=国家统计局社会科技和文化产业统计司, 科学技术部战略规划司, journalName=中国科技统计年鉴2023, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局社会科技和文化产业统计司,科学技术部战略规划司.中国科技统计年鉴2023[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社,2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073954618658879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=32, issue=3, pageStart=54, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=石长慧, 赵延东, journalName=全球科技经济瞭望, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石长慧,赵延东. 我国青少年从事科学职业的意愿及其影响因素研究 [J]. 全球科技经济瞭望201732(3):54-58., articleTitle=我国青少年从事科学职业的意愿及其影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073954719322177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=41, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=阳韬, journalName=中国高教研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=阳韬. 家庭资本与学生高考专业选择——基于5所本科高校的实证调查 [J]. 中国高教研究2023(4):41-47., articleTitle=家庭资本与学生高考专业选择——基于5所本科高校的实证调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073954840956994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=92, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=陈凯, 陈淋, 陈悦, journalName=中国电化教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈凯,陈淋,陈悦. 中学生STEM学习态度研究——基于江苏省六所STEM试点中学的调查 [J]. 中国电化教育2019(4):92-102., articleTitle=中学生STEM学习态度研究——基于江苏省六所STEM试点中学的调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073954920648771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=69, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=黄瑄, 李秀菊, journalName=中国电化教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄瑄,李秀菊. 我国青少年科学态度现状、差异分析及对策建议——基于全国青少年科学素质调查的实证研究 [J]. 中国电化教育2020(12):69-77., articleTitle=我国青少年科学态度现状、差异分析及对策建议——基于全国青少年科学素质调查的实证研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955050672197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=36, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=薛品, 赵延东, 王素, journalName=中国科技论坛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=薛品,赵延东,王素. 青少年从事科学职业的意愿及其影响因素 [J]. 中国科技论坛2015(3):36-41., articleTitle=青少年从事科学职业的意愿及其影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955142946888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=64, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Stets J E, Brenner P S, Burke P J, journalName=Social Science Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stets J EBrenner P SBurke P J,et al. The Science Identity and Entering a Science Occupation[J]. Social Science Research201764:1-14., articleTitle=The Science Identity and Entering a Science Occupation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955218444362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1187, pageEnd=1218, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Carlone H B, Johnson A, journalName=Journal of Research in Science Teaching:The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Carlone H BJohnson A. Understanding the Science Experiences of Successful Women of Color:Science Identity as an Analytic Lens[J]. Journal of Research in Science Teaching:The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching200744(8):1187-1218., articleTitle=Understanding the Science Experiences of Successful Women of Color:Science Identity as an Analytic Lens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955285553228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=199, pageEnd=219, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Lee J D, journalName=Social Psychology Quarterly, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee J D. Which Kids Can“Become”Scientists? Effects of Gender,Self-Concepts,and Perceptions of Scientists[J]. Social Psychology Quarterly1998:199-219., articleTitle=Which Kids Can“Become”Scientists? Effects of Gender,Self-Concepts,and Perceptions of Scientists, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955365245006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=96, issue=6, pageStart=967, pageEnd=989, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Archer L, DeWitt J, Osborne J, journalName=Science Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Archer LDeWitt JOsborne J,et al. “Balancing Acts”:Elementary School Girls’Negotiations of Femininity,Achievement,and Science[J]. Science Education201296(6):967-989., articleTitle=“Balancing Acts”:Elementary School Girls’Negotiations of Femininity,Achievement,and Science, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955428159568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Chang B L, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chang B L. Effects of Racialized Tracking on Racial Gaps in Science Self-efficacy,Identity,Engagement,and Aspirations:Connection to Science and School Segregation[D]. Philadelphia:Temple University,2015., articleTitle=Effects of Racialized Tracking on Racial Gaps in Science Self-efficacy,Identity,Engagement,and Aspirations:Connection to Science and School Segregation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955482685523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=64, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=苏阿敏, 陈树生, journalName=思想理论教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏阿敏,陈树生. 高中女生自我效能感培养的路径——基于高中语文教材中女性形象分析 [J]. 思想理论教育2010(2):64-66., articleTitle=高中女生自我效能感培养的路径——基于高中语文教材中女性形象分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955591737432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=翟俊卿, 祝怀新, journalName=科普研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=翟俊卿,祝怀新. 我国中学生科学职业理想的调查与分析 [J]. 科普研究201510(1):42-48., articleTitle=我国中学生科学职业理想的调查与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955679817820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=51, issue=7, pageStart=836, pageEnd=869, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Carlone H B, Scott C M, Lowder C, journalName=Journal of Research in Science Teaching, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Carlone H BScott C MLowder C. Becoming(less)Scientific:A Longitudinal Study of Students’Identity Work from Elementary to Middle School Science[J]. Journal of Research in Science Teaching201451(7):836-869., articleTitle=Becoming(less)Scientific:A Longitudinal Study of Students’Identity Work from Elementary to Middle School Science, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955784675425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=National Foundation for Educational Research, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Foundation for Educational Research. Exploring Young People’s Views on Science Education[R]. London:Wellcome Trust,2011:1-68., articleTitle=Exploring Young People’s Views on Science Education, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955876950115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=82, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=田伟, 辛涛, 胡卫平, journalName=北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=田伟,辛涛,胡卫平. 义务教育阶段的科学教育:关键问题与对策建议 [J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)2021(3):82-91., articleTitle=义务教育阶段的科学教育:关键问题与对策建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073955965030502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=5, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Kelly G M, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kelly G M. Social Networks and Science Identity:Does Peer Commitment Matter?[D]. Lincoln:University of Nebraska,2019:5-7., articleTitle=Social Networks and Science Identity:Does Peer Commitment Matter?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956065693801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Bueno E H, Velasquez S M, Deil-Amen R, journalName=Frontiers in Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bueno E HVelasquez S MDeil-Amen R,et al. “That Was the Biggest Help”:The Importance of Familial Support for Science,Technology,Engineering,and Math Community College Students[J]. Frontiers in Education20227:768547., articleTitle=“That Was the Biggest Help”:The Importance of Familial Support for Science,Technology,Engineering,and Math Community College Students, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956141191275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=57, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=李小红, 王杉, 陈晨, journalName=华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李小红,王杉,陈晨,等. 家庭文化资本对学生阅读素养的影响:基于多层logistic模型的实证研究 [J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)202240(8):57-66., articleTitle=家庭文化资本对学生阅读素养的影响:基于多层logistic模型的实证研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956241854574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=72, issue=1, pageStart=31, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Dika S L, Singh K, journalName=Review of Educational Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dika S LSingh K. Applications of Social Capital in Educational Literature:A Critical Synthesis[J]. Review of Educational Research200272(1):31-60., articleTitle=Applications of Social Capital in Educational Literature:A Critical Synthesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956313157746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=He L, Zhou G, Salinitri G, journalName=EURASIA Journal of Mathematics,Science and Technology Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He LZhou GSalinitri G,et al. Female Underrepresentation in STEM Subjects:An Exploratory Study of Female High School Students in China[J]. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics,Science and Technology Education202016(1):em1802., articleTitle=Female Underrepresentation in STEM Subjects:An Exploratory Study of Female High School Students in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956409626738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=76, pageEnd=83, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=石长慧, 黄造玉, journalName=华东理工大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=石长慧,黄造玉. 我国青少年科技职业从业意愿的性别差异及其影响因素研究 [J]. 华东理工大学学报(社会科学版)201833(4):76-83., articleTitle=我国青少年科技职业从业意愿的性别差异及其影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956480929909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Archer L, Moote J, Macleod E, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Archer LMoote JMacleod E,et al. ASPIRES 2:Young People’s Science and Career Aspirations,Age 10-19[EB/OL].(2020-02-15)[2024-09-12]. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10092041/., articleTitle=ASPIRES 2:Young People’s Science and Career Aspirations,Age 10-19, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956560621688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=450, pageEnd=451, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Schon J A, journalName=Environmental Education Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schon J A. Science Identity in Informal Education[J]. Environmental Education Research201622(3):450-451., articleTitle=Science Identity in Informal Education, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956640313466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=66, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Fajardo I, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fajardo I. Fostering Science Identity for Latino High School Students[D]. Washington:University of Washington,2015:66., articleTitle=Fostering Science Identity for Latino High School Students, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956707422331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=教育部关于印发《义务教育课程设置实验方案》的通知[EB/OL].(2001-11-19)[2024-09-12]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A26/s7054/200111/t20011119_88602.html., articleTitle=教育部关于印发《义务教育课程设置实验方案》的通知, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956795502718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=52, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=李川, journalName=科普研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李川. PISA 2025科学素养测评框架的新动向及启示 [J]. 科普研究202217(1):52-58., articleTitle=PISA 2025科学素养测评框架的新动向及启示, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956891971714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=199, pageEnd=202, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Lock R M, Castillo J, Hazari Z, journalName=2015 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lock R MCastillo JHazari Z,et al. Determining Strategies that Predict Physics Identity:Emphasizing Recognition and Interest[R]//2015 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings. College Park:MD,2015:199-202., articleTitle=Determining Strategies that Predict Physics Identity:Emphasizing Recognition and Interest, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073956954886275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Singer A, Montgomery G, Schmoll S, journalName=International Journal of STEM Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Singer AMontgomery GSchmoll S. How to Foster the Formation of STEM Identity:Studying Diversity in an Authentic Learning Environment[J]. International Journal of STEM Education20207(1):1-12., articleTitle=How to Foster the Formation of STEM Identity:Studying Diversity in an Authentic Learning Environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241073957042966663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=97, issue=5, pageStart=1228, pageEnd=1238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Vincent-Ruz P, Meyer T, Roe S G, journalName=Journal of Chemical Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vincent-Ruz PMeyer TRoe S G,et al. Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of POGIL in a Large-Enrollment General Chemistry Course[J]. Journal of Chemical Education202097(5):1228-1238., articleTitle=Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of POGIL in a Large-Enrollment General Chemistry Course, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241073952768970805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, awardId=CQZSKS2023028, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市高等教育考试招生研究项目“新形势下学考选择性考试的内容构建及评价路径研究”(CQZSKS2023028), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241073947094078418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241073947102467027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, companyId=1241073947094078418, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Science Education Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241073947110855636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, companyId=1241073947094078418, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南大学科学教育研究中心,重庆 400715)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241073948457226259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量名赋值规则M(SD)α系数KMO因子载荷
科学职业期望愿意在将来继续学习科学、愿意从事科学领域的工作、想成为一名科学家、认为自己可以成为一名优秀的科学家2.84(1.38)0.7490.761***0.677-0.854
科学身份认同认可他人认可、自我认可2.12(0.98)0.8660.824***0.812-0.876
能力了解科学知识、理解科学问题并完成科学实验、完成科学任务、取得较好科学成绩3.23(0.91)0.8510.828***0.762-0.804
表现通过观察提出假设,定义问题、设计科学实验,建构模型并使用设备技术,分析解释数据、推理论证,得出结论、分享交流科学问题2.82(0.96)0.8430.846***0.740-0.825
科学自我效能感对科学任务的信心、对科学能力的信心、对科学作业和活动的信心3.15(0.96)0.9090.944***0.635-0.826
科学参与情感参与、行为参与、认知参与3.47(0.88)0.8700.881***0.681-0.858
同伴因素同伴对科学的喜好和擅长、同伴对科学学习的认可、同伴的科学交流分享2.88(1.10)0.8560.821***0.705-0.868
父母因素父母对科学的兴趣、父母对科学的重视和支持、父母对科学学习的认可2.65(1.06)0.9170.912***0.728-0.808
背景信息性别男生=1、女生=0
城乡城市学校=1、乡镇学校=0
学段小学=2、初中=1、高中=0
), ArticleFig(id=1241073948587249689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

问卷调查指标及题项

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量名赋值规则M(SD)α系数KMO因子载荷
科学职业期望愿意在将来继续学习科学、愿意从事科学领域的工作、想成为一名科学家、认为自己可以成为一名优秀的科学家2.84(1.38)0.7490.761***0.677-0.854
科学身份认同认可他人认可、自我认可2.12(0.98)0.8660.824***0.812-0.876
能力了解科学知识、理解科学问题并完成科学实验、完成科学任务、取得较好科学成绩3.23(0.91)0.8510.828***0.762-0.804
表现通过观察提出假设,定义问题、设计科学实验,建构模型并使用设备技术,分析解释数据、推理论证,得出结论、分享交流科学问题2.82(0.96)0.8430.846***0.740-0.825
科学自我效能感对科学任务的信心、对科学能力的信心、对科学作业和活动的信心3.15(0.96)0.9090.944***0.635-0.826
科学参与情感参与、行为参与、认知参与3.47(0.88)0.8700.881***0.681-0.858
同伴因素同伴对科学的喜好和擅长、同伴对科学学习的认可、同伴的科学交流分享2.88(1.10)0.8560.821***0.705-0.868
父母因素父母对科学的兴趣、父母对科学的重视和支持、父母对科学学习的认可2.65(1.06)0.9170.912***0.728-0.808
背景信息性别男生=1、女生=0
城乡城市学校=1、乡镇学校=0
学段小学=2、初中=1、高中=0
), ArticleFig(id=1241073948700495902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量(内在因素)自变量(外在因素)
n科学职业期望科学身份认同科学自我效能感科学参与同伴因素父母因素
性别2 1473.04±1.392.84±0.803.25±0.963.47±0.882.95±1.092.69±1.07
2 0642.62±1.332.68±0.783.05±0.953.48±0.892.80±1.102.60±1.04
t010.115***6.405***6.903***0.0394.268***2.882**
城乡城市2 3043.03±1.422.92±0.823.37±0.963.69±0.833.07±1.122.86±1.08
乡镇1 9072.60±1.292.57±0.712.89±0.903.20±0.872.65±1.032.39±0.97
t10.461***15.226***16.474***18.838***12.510***14.901***
学段小学A1 4172.99±1.492.91±0.823.36±1.003.48±0.982.97±1.162.71±1.15
初中B1 6782.82±1.332.77±0.783.14±0.923.52±0.812.91±1.072.73±1.02
高中C1 1162.67±1.262.57±0.742.91±0.913.38±0.862.72±1.042.45±0.96
F16.815***59.861***68.383***10.468***18.113***30.303***
事后比较A>B;A>C;B>CA>B;A>C;B>CA>B;A>C;B>CA>C;B>CA>C;B>CA>C;B>C
), ArticleFig(id=1241073950185279522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同群体在各变量上的描述性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量(内在因素)自变量(外在因素)
n科学职业期望科学身份认同科学自我效能感科学参与同伴因素父母因素
性别2 1473.04±1.392.84±0.803.25±0.963.47±0.882.95±1.092.69±1.07
2 0642.62±1.332.68±0.783.05±0.953.48±0.892.80±1.102.60±1.04
t010.115***6.405***6.903***0.0394.268***2.882**
城乡城市2 3043.03±1.422.92±0.823.37±0.963.69±0.833.07±1.122.86±1.08
乡镇1 9072.60±1.292.57±0.712.89±0.903.20±0.872.65±1.032.39±0.97
t10.461***15.226***16.474***18.838***12.510***14.901***
学段小学A1 4172.99±1.492.91±0.823.36±1.003.48±0.982.97±1.162.71±1.15
初中B1 6782.82±1.332.77±0.783.14±0.923.52±0.812.91±1.072.73±1.02
高中C1 1162.67±1.262.57±0.742.91±0.913.38±0.862.72±1.042.45±0.96
F16.815***59.861***68.383***10.468***18.113***30.303***
事后比较A>B;A>C;B>CA>B;A>C;B>CA>B;A>C;B>CA>C;B>CA>C;B>CA>C;B>C
), ArticleFig(id=1241073952164991015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
男生女生男生女生男生女生
科学身份0.323***0.297***0.288***0.243***
认同(0.047)(0.048)(0.049)(0.050)
科学自我0.084**0.187***0.053*0.142***
效能感(0.045)(0.043)(0.046)(0.045)
科学参与0.145***0.070*0.124***0.034
(0.048)(0.044)(0.048)(0.044)
同伴因素0.206***0.123***0.066**-0.008
(0.031)(0.031)(0.032)(0.032)
父母因素0.243***0.358***0.059*0.187***
(0.032)(0.033)(0.034)(0.035)
其他变量控制控制控制控制控制控制
样本量214720632147206321472063
R20.2510.2540.1620.2000.2570.273
), ArticleFig(id=1241073952274042919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

性别分组下中小学生科学职业期望回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
男生女生男生女生男生女生
科学身份0.323***0.297***0.288***0.243***
认同(0.047)(0.048)(0.049)(0.050)
科学自我0.084**0.187***0.053*0.142***
效能感(0.045)(0.043)(0.046)(0.045)
科学参与0.145***0.070*0.124***0.034
(0.048)(0.044)(0.048)(0.044)
同伴因素0.206***0.123***0.066**-0.008
(0.031)(0.031)(0.032)(0.032)
父母因素0.243***0.358***0.059*0.187***
(0.032)(0.033)(0.034)(0.035)
其他变量控制控制控制控制控制控制
样本量214720632147206321472063
R20.2510.2540.1620.2000.2570.273
), ArticleFig(id=1241073952374706217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
城市乡镇城市乡镇城市乡镇
科学身份0.333***0.288***0.292***0.243***
认同(0.045)(0.051)(0.047)(0.053)
科学自我0.155***0.137***0.126***0.092**
效能感(0.044)(0.044)(0.045)(0.046)
科学参与0.073**0.085***0.0480.062*
(0.048)(0.045)(0.048)(0.045)
同伴因素0.193***0.139***0.0470.024
(0.030)(0.033)(0.033)(0.034)
父母因素0.268***0.289***0.088***0.136***
(0.031)(0.035)(0.033)(0.037)
其他变量控制控制控制控制控制控制
样本量230419072304190723041907
R20.2620.2070.1730.1510.2700.220
), ArticleFig(id=1241073952466980908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

城级分组下中小学生科学职业期望回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
城市乡镇城市乡镇城市乡镇
科学身份0.333***0.288***0.292***0.243***
认同(0.045)(0.051)(0.047)(0.053)
科学自我0.155***0.137***0.126***0.092**
效能感(0.044)(0.044)(0.045)(0.046)
科学参与0.073**0.085***0.0480.062*
(0.048)(0.045)(0.048)(0.045)
同伴因素0.193***0.139***0.0470.024
(0.030)(0.033)(0.033)(0.034)
父母因素0.268***0.289***0.088***0.136***
(0.031)(0.035)(0.033)(0.037)
其他变量控制控制控制控制控制控制
样本量230419072304190723041907
R20.2620.2070.1730.1510.2700.220
), ArticleFig(id=1241073952534089775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
小学初中高中小学初中高中小学初中高中
科学身份0.243***0.378***0.348***0.175***0.352***0.309***
认同(0.067)(0.052)(0.057)(0.069)(0.055)(0.059)
科学自我0.175***0.166***0.082*0.119**0.141***0.061
效能感(0.060)(0.049)(0.054)(0.061)(0.051)(0.056)
科学参与0.089*0.0090.204***0.055-0.0010.171***
(0.063)(0.054)(0.054)(0.063)(0.054)(0.055)
同伴因素0.157***0.205***0.152***0.0530.0370.002
(0.040)(0.035)(0.040)(0.042)(0.036)(0.040)
父母因素0.311***0.237***0.343***0.167***0.0470.126***
(0.041)(0.037)(0.043)(0.044)(0.038)(0.045)
其他变量控制控制控制控制控制控制控制控制控制
样本量141716781116141716781116141716781116
R20.2140.2630.3150.1850.1580.2010.2360.2660.324
), ArticleFig(id=1241073952609587250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652312894775300, articleId=1241073946259411911, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

学段分组下中小学生科学职业期望回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
小学初中高中小学初中高中小学初中高中
科学身份0.243***0.378***0.348***0.175***0.352***0.309***
认同(0.067)(0.052)(0.057)(0.069)(0.055)(0.059)
科学自我0.175***0.166***0.082*0.119**0.141***0.061
效能感(0.060)(0.049)(0.054)(0.061)(0.051)(0.056)
科学参与0.089*0.0090.204***0.055-0.0010.171***
(0.063)(0.054)(0.054)(0.063)(0.054)(0.055)
同伴因素0.157***0.205***0.152***0.0530.0370.002
(0.040)(0.035)(0.040)(0.042)(0.036)(0.040)
父母因素0.311***0.237***0.343***0.167***0.0470.126***
(0.041)(0.037)(0.043)(0.044)(0.038)(0.045)
其他变量控制控制控制控制控制控制控制控制控制
样本量141716781116141716781116141716781116
R20.2140.2630.3150.1850.1580.2010.2360.2660.324
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146440324890603551, delFlag=0, nameCn=科普研究, nameEn=Studies on Science Popularization, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1673-8357, eissn=null, cn=11-5410/N, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=pV/pRanF7eG9/W4yv5xkuQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262273288, updatedTime=1767757955213, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=null, firstLetterEn=null, subjectCode=null, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=null, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=pV/pRanF7eG9/W4yv5xkuQ==, picEn=II2MLPUvZa1TMVvInNCILw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1215628229679960612, language=CN, name=科普研究, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1767757955236, updatedTime=1767757955236, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kpyj.ijournals.cn/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=https://kpyj.ijournals.cn/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=https://kpyj.ijournals.cn/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1215628229751263781, language=EN, name=Studies on Science Popularization, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1767757955253, updatedTime=1767757955253, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kpyj.ijournals.cn/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=https://kpyj.ijournals.cn/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=https://kpyj.ijournals.cn/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149652312894775300, websiteList=[Website(id=1215626754052510227, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149652312894775300, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1767757603419, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1767757621852, updateBy=18614031015, name=科普研究-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科普研究, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1215627237534122494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1767757718690, updateTime=1767757718690, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237508956667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1767757718684, updateTime=1767757718684, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237550899713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1767757718694, updateTime=1767757718694, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237492179450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/CN/file/pic?fileId=aENtLEybvpaLgO4RjuRCgA==, createTime=1767757718681, updateTime=1767757718681, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237563482627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1767757718697, updateTime=1767757718697, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237525733885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1767757718688, updateTime=1767757718688, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237555094018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1767757718695, updateTime=1767757718695, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237517345276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1767757718686, updateTime=1767757718686, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237542511103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1767757718692, updateTime=1767757718692, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627237546705408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754052510227, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1767757718693, updateTime=1767757718693, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1215626754169950742, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149652312894775300, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1767757603448, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1767757640334, updateBy=18614031015, name=科普研究-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Studies on Science Popularization, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1215627335731171870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1767757742102, updateTime=1767757742102, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335706006043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1767757742096, updateTime=1767757742096, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335752143393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1767757742107, updateTime=1767757742107, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335685034522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/EN/file/pic?fileId=aENtLEybvpaLgO4RjuRCgA==, createTime=1767757742091, updateTime=1767757742091, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335764726307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1767757742110, updateTime=1767757742110, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335722783261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1767757742100, updateTime=1767757742100, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335760532002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1767757742109, updateTime=1767757742109, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335714394652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1767757742098, updateTime=1767757742098, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335739560479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1767757742104, updateTime=1767757742104, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1215627335747949088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1215626754169950742, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1767757742106, updateTime=1767757742106, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科普研究, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://kpyj.ijournals.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Studies on Science Popularization, journalPhotoCn=pV/pRanF7eG9/W4yv5xkuQ==, journalPhotoEn=II2MLPUvZa1TMVvInNCILw==, journalFirstLetter=null, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/CN/10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/EN/10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/CN/PDF/10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/EN/PDF/10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
中小学生科学职业期望群体差异及影响因素研究——基于川渝地区4 211名中小学生的调查数据
收藏切换
PDF下载
邓磊 , 谭彬
科普研究 | 科学教育 2024,19(6): 17-26
收起
收藏切换
科普研究 | 科学教育 2024, 19(6): 17-26
中小学生科学职业期望群体差异及影响因素研究——基于川渝地区4 211名中小学生的调查数据
全屏
邓磊 , 谭彬
作者信息
  • 西南大学科学教育研究中心,重庆 400715
  • 邓磊,西南大学科学教育研究中心副教授,研究方向:科学教育、物理教育,E-mail:

通讯作者:

谭彬为通讯作者,E-mail:
A Study on the Group Differences and Influencing Factors of Science Career Expectations of Primary and Secondary School Students:Based on the Survey Data of 4 211 Primary and Secondary School Students in Sichuan and Chongqing Area
Lei Deng , Bin Tan
Affiliations
  • Science Education Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715
doi: 10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002
文章导航
收藏切换

科学职业期望对培养科技人才具有重要意义。本研究通过对川渝地区4 211名中小学生进行调查发现,一方面,中小学生科学职业期望及各影响因素均存在显著的性别、城乡和学段差异。科学自我效能感和父母因素对女生影响更大,父母因素对乡镇学生影响更大,科学参与对高中生影响更大。另一方面,科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与、同伴因素、父母因素均对中小学生科学职业期望具有显著影响,其中科学身份认同的影响程度最大。基于研究发现,本文建议应发挥科学自我效能感和父母因素对女生科学职业期望的积极作用,发挥父母因素对乡镇学生科学职业期望的积极影响,发挥科学参与对高中生科学职业期望的积极作用,并以科学身份认同为中心发挥其对中小学生科学职业期望的积极影响,从而培养更多科技拔尖创新人才。

科学职业期望  /  科学身份认同  /  中小学生  /  科技人才培养

Science career expectation is of great significance to the training of scientific and technological talents. Through the investigation of 4 211 primary and secondary school students in Sichuan and Chongqing area,this study found that: on the one hand,there are significant differences in gender,urban and rural areas,and educational stage of primary and secondary school students' science career expectations and the influencing factors. Science self-efficacy and parental factors have a greater impact on girls,parental factors have a greater impact on students in rural areas,and science participation has a greater impact on high school students. On the other hand,science identity,science self-efficacy,science participation,peer factors,and parental factors all have a significant impact on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students,with science identity having the greatest impact. Based on research findings,this study suggests leveraging the positive effects of science self-efficacy and parental factors on girls’science career expectations,the positive impact of parental factors on the science career expectations of students in rural areas,the positive role of science participation on high school students’science career expectations,and centering on science identity to enhance its positive influence on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students,thereby cultivating more top talents in science and technology.

science career expectation  /  science identity  /  primary and secondary school students  /  cultivation of science and technology talents
邓磊, 谭彬. 中小学生科学职业期望群体差异及影响因素研究——基于川渝地区4 211名中小学生的调查数据. 科普研究, 2024 , 19 (6) : 17 -26 . DOI: 10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002
Lei Deng, Bin Tan. A Study on the Group Differences and Influencing Factors of Science Career Expectations of Primary and Secondary School Students:Based on the Survey Data of 4 211 Primary and Secondary School Students in Sichuan and Chongqing Area[J]. Studies on Science Popularization, 2024 , 19 (6) : 17 -26 . DOI: 10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002
当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,拥有高层次科技创新人才是促进国家经济发展和提升国际竞争力的强有力手段。2023 年 5月,教育部等十八部门联合印发的《关于加强新时代中小学科学教育工作的意见》中指出,“要提高学生科学素质,培育具备科学家潜质、愿意献身科学研究事业的青少年群体,培养社会主义建设者和接班人”[1]。已有研究表明,科学职业期望对于培养科技人才发挥着极为关键的积极作用,具有科学职业期望的学生在未来更有可能从事科学相关的工作[2-3]。然而,我国中小学生科学职业期望存在极其显著的群体差异。《中国科技统计年鉴2023》显示,2022年我国研发人员数量共计940万,其中女性244万,只占总数的25.96%[4],研究显示,目前我国男性青少年想当科学家的人数比例是女性青少年的3.83倍[5],乡镇学生高考时想要选择科学相关专业的人数显著低于城市学生[6],小学生未来想当科学家的人数比例是初中生的2倍、高中生的2.67倍[5]。由此可见,为扩充科技人才队伍,必须重视对女生、乡镇学生、高中生这些“弱势群体”科学职业期望的塑造。因此,本研究将重点探讨正在经历科学学习的中小学生的科学职业期望的性别、城乡、学段差异表现以及影响“弱势群体”科学职业期望的因素,以期为促进我国科学教育高质量发展提供参考。
职业期望是个体对未来从事某项职业的态度倾向,将直接影响个体对职业的选择[3]。科学职业期望是指个体对自己未来从事科学相关工作的志向和意愿[7]。研究发现,参与了科学学习的青少年整体科学职业期望不高,且随着学段的升高表现得越来越不积极;值得关注的是,男生的科学职业期望优于女生,经济发达地区学生的科学职业期望优于经济落后地区学生[8-9]。究其原因,青少年科学职业期望主要受到内在和外在两大类因素的影响。
在内在因素方面,青少年科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与同其科学职业期望呈现高度正相关[10]。首先,学生的科学身份认同是指他们在多大程度上认可自己,并在多大程度上被他人认可为“科学人”[11]。具有积极科学身份认同的学生会带着好奇心自愿学习科学,并从事与科学相关的行业[12]。然而,大众普遍对科学家存在较深的刻板印象,认为科学是一个展现“男性特征”的领域,这导致女学生难以在科学领域获得身份认同[13],从而不愿意从事科学职业。其次,学生的科学自我效能感指学生对有效完成或掌握科学任务、技能、活动的信心和判断[14]。学生的科学自我效能感越高,他们就越有可能追求与科学相关的事业。研究表明,由于女生比较敏感,情绪体验较多,遇到问题时容易呈现焦虑状态,不相信自己的实力[15],导致女生的科学自我效能感低于男生。受经济条件影响,城市学生享有更好的教育资源和更雄厚的家庭文化资本,因此,他们具有更强的信心完成科学任务,因此,乡镇学生的科学自我效能感显著低于城市学生[16],从而较难产生积极的科学职业期望。此外,随着学段的上升,学生所接触的科学知识的难度逐渐增加,对完成科学任务的信心降低。因此,高中生的科学自我效能感更低,也就导致他们的科学职业期望低于小学生和初中生[17]。再次,科学参与是学生对科学的情感参与、行为参与、认知参与的总称,体现了学生对科学课程或科学活动的喜爱和重视程度,学生的科学参与度越高越有可能追求科学事业[14]。然而,当科学一旦不再是义务教育阶段的课程时,科学课程的选修率便呈现断崖式下降,越来越多的学生正在“逃离科学”[18],这导致高中生的科学参与度显著低于小学生和初中生。此外,由于乡镇学校的实验室、实验仪器设备、实验耗材等科学教学资源配置与城市学校相比差距很大,导致乡镇学生的科学参与度低于城市学生,从而可能导致乡镇学生的科学职业期望低于城市学生[19]
在外在因素方面,相关研究表明同伴、父母对青少年选择科学相关职业具有重要影响。同班同学对科学的喜好和支持可以促使青少年继续坚持学习科学,并正向影响其科学职业期望[20]。小学阶段学生对科学学习持有更积极的态度,小学生想当科学家的人数比例是中学生的2.7倍[9]。父母越能提供足够的资源(如时间、金钱等)来支持孩子参与科学相关的活动,越能增强孩子对科学事业的渴望[21]。由于乡镇学生的家庭收入较低,学生能从父母那里获得的家庭支持非常有限,学业抱负面临更多的不确定性,从而很难形成科学职业期望并坚持自己的科学理想[22-23]。此外,父母希望男生成为科学家或从事工程师职业的比例显著高于女生,更希望女儿从事稳定的工作,较受青睐的职业如护士、教师、公务员等[24],导致女生在科学职业期望上获得的父母支持更少[25]
综上所述,现有研究在揭示中小学生科学职业期望的影响因素方面已取得一定进展,但仍存在一定局限性。一方面,大多数研究仅停留在现象描述和相关性分析层面,缺乏深入的因果分析和对策研究。另一方面,鲜有研究系统地分析以上因素在不同青少年群体(如性别、城乡、学段)中的具体作用路径和差异程度。因此,本研究旨在进一步明确各类内在因素和外在因素对中小学生科学职业期望的影响以及在性别、城乡和学段上的差异程度,从而为更好地提升“弱势群体”的科学职业期望、培养更多具有科学家潜质的中小学生提出针对性建议。基于此,本研究重点关注以下两个问题。
问题一:我国中小学生科学职业期望的群体差异如何?相对男生、城市学生、小学生而言,哪些内在因素(科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与)和外在因素(同伴因素、父母因素)对女生、乡镇学生、高中生科学职业期望的影响更大?
问题二:上述所有因素中哪个因素对所有中小学生的科学职业期望影响最大?
本研究的调查对象为川渝地区12所中小学校的学生。采用随机抽样法,于2023年10月在每所小学抽取二至六年级各两个班的学生为样本,每所初中抽取初一至初三各3个班的学生为样本,每所高中抽取高一至高三各两个班的学生为样本。在剔除无效样本后,有效样本4 211份。其中,男生占比50.99%,女生占比49.01%;城市学生占比54.71%,乡镇学生占比45.29%;小学生占比33.65%,初中生占比39.85%,高中生占比26.50%。
本研究的因变量为科学职业期望。本研究参考翟俊卿和祝怀新对英国伦敦大学学院ASPIRES项目组编制的“学生科学职业期望问卷”修订后的问卷[16],最终使用4个题项测量学生的科学职业期望,分别是“我愿意在将来继续学习科学” “我愿意从事科学领域的工作” “我想成为一名科学家” “我认为自己可以成为一名优秀的科学家”[26]。题项均采用李克特五级量表计分法,量表的克隆巴赫系数为0.749,KMO值为0.761,量表提取的共同因子可以累计解答62.378% 的变异量,且因子载荷均大于0.6,表明量表题目信度可靠、结构效度良好。
本研究的核心自变量由内在因素即科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与和外在因素即同伴因素、父母因素构成。所有题项均采用李克特五级量表计分法,共5个选项,1~5分别代表完全不符合、不符合、有点符合、比较符合、完全符合。此外,人口变量也是影响学生科学职业期望的重要因素。因此,本研究还收集了性别、城乡、学段3个变量(分别编码为虚拟变量),并将其作为控制变量。
内在因素方面,科学身份认同参考舍恩(Jennifer A. Schon)基于卡洛内(Carlone)和约翰逊(Johson)开发的“科学身份认同问卷”[27],结合我国中小学生身心发展特征对问卷题项进行调整形成最终问卷。科学身份认同包括科学认可、科学能力、科学表现3个维度,其中科学认可是指学生自己认为,也被他人认为是具备科学素质的人,包括“我觉得自己像科学家一样”等4道题目,总体累计方差解释率为71.449%。科学能力是指学生知道并理解科学内容,包括“我知道很多科学知识”等5道题目,总体累计方差解释率为62.718%。科学表现是指从事科学实践的社会行为,包括“我可以通过观察自然现象知道它与什么科学问题相关,并大胆地提出假设”等5道题目[27],总体累计方差解释率为65.335%。科学自我效能感包括对科学任务、科学能力、科学作业和活动的信心,由“我相信自己可以在科学学习中取得好成绩”等9个题项构成[14],方差累计解释率为71.39%。科学参与包括情感参与、行为参与、认知参与3个维度,由“我认为科学对我的学习有帮助”等8个题项构成[14],方差累计解释率为61.549%。
外在因素方面,同伴因素包括同伴对科学的喜好和擅长、同伴对科学学习的认可、同伴的科学交流分享3个维度,由“我最好的朋友喜欢科学”等5个题项构成[28],总体累计方差解释率为63.752%。父母因素包括父母对科学的兴趣、父母对科学的重视和支持、父母对科学学习的认可3个维度,由“我的爸爸对科学很感兴趣”等9个题项构成[28],总体累计方差解释率为60.188%。检验结果说明以上各变量信效度指标均在合理范围内(见表1)。
本研究使用SPSS26.0软件对数据进行分析。(1)采用独立样本t检验分析中小学生科学职业期望、3个内在因素和两个外在因素的性别、城乡差异,采用单因素方差分析检验中小学生在以上变量中的学段差异。(2)构建多元线性回归模型,将总样本按照男女分为两个样本,在控制城乡、学段基础上,分析3个内在因素和两个外在因素对学生科学职业期望的影响是否存在性别差异。(3)将总样本分为城乡两个样本,在控制性别、学段基础上分析3个内在因素和两个外在因素对学生科学职业期望的影响是否存在城乡差异。(4)将总样本分为小学、初中、高中3个样本,在控制性别、城乡基础上分析3个内在因素和两个外在因素对学生科学职业期望的影响是否存在学段差异。
统计检验显示,中小学生科学职业期望存在显著的群体差异(见表2)。具体有如下表现。男生的科学职业期望显著高于女生;城市学生的科学职业期望显著高于乡镇学生;小学生的科学职业期望显著高于初中生和高中生,初中生的科学职业期望显著高于高中生。内在因素方面,不同群体间存在显著差异。具体有如下表现:男生在科学身份认同、科学自我效能感上均显著高于女生;城市学生在科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与上均显著高于乡镇学生;小学生在科学身份认同、科学自我效能感上均显著高于初中生和高中生,初中生在科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与上均显著高于高中生。外在因素方面,不同群体间仍存在显著差异。具体表现为:男生在同伴因素上显著高于女生,在父母因素上显著高于女生;城区学生在同伴因素、父母因素上均显著高于乡镇学生;小学生和初中生在同伴因素、父母因素上显著高于高中生。
表3所示,内在因素方面,仅科学自我效能感对女生科学职业期望的影响(β=0.187,P<0.001)比对男生科学职业期望的影响程度更大(β=0.084,P<0.01)。外在因素方面,仅父母因素对女生科学职业期望的影响(β=0.358,P<0.001)比对男生科学职业期望的影响程度更大(β=0.243,P<0.001)。当同时考虑内在因素和外在因素对男生和女生科学职业期望的影响时,科学身份认同对男女生的科学职业期望均有显著影响(P<0.001),且是影响程度最大的因素。总的来看,应重视科学自我效能感和父母因素对女生的影响,并发挥科学身份认同对学生的积极影响。
表4所示,内在因素方面,仅科学参与对乡镇学生科学职业期望的影响(β=0.085,P<0.001)比对城市学生科学职业期望的影响程度更大(β=0.073,P<0.01)。外在因素方面,仅父母因素对乡镇学生科学职业期望的影响(β=0.289,P<0.001)比对城区科学职业期望的影响程度更大(β=0.268,P<0.001)。当同时考虑内在因素和外在因素对城市学生和乡镇学生科学职业期望的影响时,科学参与对乡镇学生科学职业期望的显著影响效果将被极大地削弱。此外,科学身份认同对城区学生和乡镇学生的科学职业期望均有显著影响(P<0.001),且为各因素中影响程度最大的因素。总的来看,应重视父母因素对乡镇学生这一弱势群体的影响,并发挥科学身份认同对学生的积极影响。
表5所示,内在因素方面,科学参与对初中生科学职业期望无显著影响,对小学生、高中生科学职业期望有显著影响,且对高中生科学职业期望的影响(β=0.204,P<0.001)比对小学生科学职业期望的影响程度更大(β=0.089,P<0.05)。外在因素方面,父母因素对小学生、初中生、高中生科学职业期望均有显著影响,且对高中生科学职业期望的影响(β=0.343,P<0.001)比对小学生科学职业期望的影响(ββ=0.311,P<0.001)和对初中生科学职业期望的影响程度更大(β=0.237,P<0.001)。当同时考虑内在因素和外在因素对小学生、初中生、高中生科学职业期望的影响时,父母因素对高中生的影响程度低于小学生。此外,科学身份认同对小学生、初中生、高中生的科学职业期望均有显著影响,且为各因素中影响程度最大的因素。总的来看,应重视科学参与对高中生这一弱势群体的影响,并发挥科学身份认同对学生的积极影响。
中小学生的科学职业期望及各影响因素间存在显著的性别、城乡和学段差异。在性别分组下,科学自我效能感和父母因素对女生的科学职业期望影响更大;在城乡分组下,父母因素对乡镇小学生科学职业期望的影响更大;在学段分组下,科学参与对高中生科学职业期望的影响更大。在所有考虑的因素中,科学身份认同是影响中小学生科学职业期望的最主要因素。
一方面要发挥科学自我效能感的积极作用。首先,教师需要为学生树立榜样,纠正性别偏见,通过宣传优秀女性科学家的生平、科研历程和她们在面对挑战时的态度,让女生感受到其在科学学科上的智力水平与男生相比并没有显著差异。同时,通过个别辅导和专门的讲座(视频)帮助女生正确面对她们取得学业成就的归因,从而树立积极、稳定的自我效能。此外,还应该帮助女生准确评价自己的科学自我效能,有针对性地辅导和帮助那些因为不准确的自我认知导致自我效能感低下的女生改善其在科学学习上的“动力不足”。当然,还可以在科学课堂上更关注女生,鼓励女生加入感兴趣的科技社团,并参与科技类竞赛,提高女生在科学学习中的成功体验。
另一方面父母应转变教育观念,更加积极地参与女生的科学学习。在行为参与上,父母应该更多、更广泛地参与学校组织的各种科学学术活动,例如父母可以同教师取得联系、帮助子女完成科技作业、与孩子一起进行科学探究活动等。在亲身参与上,父母应倾听女生在科学学习中遇到的趣事和困惑,并在疏解孩子的过程中将科学的价值、科学的理念、科学的本质等传递给女生。在认知参与上,父母可以为女生提供更有助于认知发展的科学学习资源,例如为女生购置各类科普书籍、科学实验材料包,带孩子参观科技馆、博物馆等,从而丰富女孩的阅读材料和实践材料。
在乡村,大量留守儿童与他们父母之间存在亲子隔阂,解决问题的关键在于发展经济,缩小城乡差异,确保儿童能与父母前往流入地接受教育。从家长层面而言,要努力保证最大程度的亲子交往。例如,父母应经常表达对孩子在科学学习上的认可和支持,鼓励孩子探索未知的世界,即使遭遇失败也要给予理解和鼓励。对于孩子在科学学习上的努力和成就,父母可以给予适当的物质奖励(如书籍、实验器材)和精神奖励(如表扬、陪伴时间),以增强孩子的动力和信心。另外,可以建设祖辈教育团队,定期向经济落后地区广义的“父母”宣传正确的教育观和教养方法,更新“父母”科学教育理念。例如,制作并发放包含科学教育理念、科学职业发展案例等内容的科学教育手册或宣传册,让“父母”看到科学教育对孩子未来发展的积极影响,从而关注孩子的科学学习。
首先,优化科学课程设置与评价体系。高中阶段很大程度上受“应试”倾向和“题海”学习方式影响。所以,进行科学课程内容和结构上的改革是必须的。在课程内容上,应将科学现象融入科学内容之中,从生活走向科学,从科学走向社会,让学生感受参与科学学习对自身、他人和社会的价值和贡献,发挥科学学科的知识、方法和价值的意义。在课程结构上,在高中阶段设置更多与未来科学职业紧密相关的科学选修课程,例如计算机编程、机器人设计、生物技术等,以满足不同学生的兴趣需求。同时,优化科学课程的评价体系,注重过程评价和表现性评价,减少应试压力,鼓励高中生积极参与实践活动。其次,优化并变革教学模式。注重启发式、互动式、探究式教学,探索基于学科课程的综合化教学,开展研究型、项目化、合作式学习[29],激发高中生的好奇心和探索欲,让学生能更积极地参与科学学习。最后,加强中学与大学、社区、科研机构的合作交流。鼓励高中生体验大学科研项目,参与社区科技节或展览活动,向公众展示科学知识和应用,从而打破随着学段增长,学生科学职业期望显著下降的尴尬局面,为建设科技强国培养更多科技拔尖人才。
首先,重视科学身份认同,将其纳入学生科学素质评价要素。PISA2025首次将科学身份认同作为青少年科学素养评价框架的新维度,关注其为学生的学习成就奠定基础的重要价值[30]。因此,当前科学教育要重点关注学生的科学身份认同,从而提高学生科学学习的成就和潜力,提升学生思考、学习、理解和参与科学的兴趣[18]。其次,以学生为中心,强化科学身份认同。例如丰富实践实验、动手学习经验、协作小组工作以及基于探究解决问题的活动等,让学生在做中学[31-32],将真实的科学实践纳入教学,引导学生基于证据解决现实问题,从而提升学生评估信息、分析并解决问题、应用跨学科知识的能力,增强其在科学认可、能力和表现方面的认同感[33]。最后,提供个性化的科学指导和支持。例如为每位学生配备科学导师,导师可以根据学生的兴趣和特长,为他们提供个性化的科学指导和职业规划建议,帮助其发展科学身份认同并建立明确的科学职业目标。
本研究在厘清中小学生科学职业期望及其影响因素的基础上,编制了调查工具并对川渝地区4 211名中小学生展开调查,基于回收数据分析中小学生科学职业期望的群体差异及其影响因素,并提出相应的对策建议,以期为科学教育、科技人才培养提供参考。但由于时间、条件限制,编制的调查工具还需进一步完善,更多的潜在混杂变量及各变量之间的交互作用尚待探究。此外,本研究的样本范围仅覆盖了川渝地区的部分中小学生,研究结果的解释力也尚待更广范围、更大规模数据的进一步验证。后续将继续扩大调查范围和样本规模,深化中小学生科学职业期望及其影响因素的研究,并基于调查研究提出更多提升不同群体、不同区域青少年科学职业期望的针对性对策,以加强青少年群体的科学身份认同,培育更多青少年科技创新人才,助力我国科学教育高质量发展。
  • 重庆市高等教育考试招生研究项目“新形势下学考选择性考试的内容构建及评价路径研究”(CQZSKS2023028)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
教育部等十八部门关于加强新时代中小学科学教育工作的意见[EB/OL].(2023-05-26)[2024-09-12]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A29/202305/t20230529_1061838.html.
[2]
杜欣,赵文龙,王晶莹. 科学资本对我国15岁学生STEM职业期望的影响研究 [J]. 科学学研究201836(11):1928-1937.
[3]
王晶莹,辛伟豪,郑永和. 城乡教师素养如何影响中学生的STEM职业期望?——基于PISA 2015中国四省市数据的循证研究 [J]. 教师教育研究202032(6):76-83.
[4]
国家统计局社会科技和文化产业统计司,科学技术部战略规划司.中国科技统计年鉴2023[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社,2023.
[5]
石长慧,赵延东. 我国青少年从事科学职业的意愿及其影响因素研究 [J]. 全球科技经济瞭望201732(3):54-58.
[6]
阳韬. 家庭资本与学生高考专业选择——基于5所本科高校的实证调查 [J]. 中国高教研究2023(4):41-47.
[7]
陈凯,陈淋,陈悦. 中学生STEM学习态度研究——基于江苏省六所STEM试点中学的调查 [J]. 中国电化教育2019(4):92-102.
[8]
黄瑄,李秀菊. 我国青少年科学态度现状、差异分析及对策建议——基于全国青少年科学素质调查的实证研究 [J]. 中国电化教育2020(12):69-77.
[9]
薛品,赵延东,王素. 青少年从事科学职业的意愿及其影响因素 [J]. 中国科技论坛2015(3):36-41.
[10]
Stets J EBrenner P SBurke P J,et al. The Science Identity and Entering a Science Occupation[J]. Social Science Research201764:1-14.
[11]
Carlone H BJohnson A. Understanding the Science Experiences of Successful Women of Color:Science Identity as an Analytic Lens[J]. Journal of Research in Science Teaching:The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching200744(8):1187-1218.
[12]
Lee J D. Which Kids Can“Become”Scientists? Effects of Gender,Self-Concepts,and Perceptions of Scientists[J]. Social Psychology Quarterly1998:199-219.
[13]
Archer LDeWitt JOsborne J,et al. “Balancing Acts”:Elementary School Girls’Negotiations of Femininity,Achievement,and Science[J]. Science Education201296(6):967-989.
[14]
Chang B L. Effects of Racialized Tracking on Racial Gaps in Science Self-efficacy,Identity,Engagement,and Aspirations:Connection to Science and School Segregation[D]. Philadelphia:Temple University,2015.
[15]
苏阿敏,陈树生. 高中女生自我效能感培养的路径——基于高中语文教材中女性形象分析 [J]. 思想理论教育2010(2):64-66.
[16]
翟俊卿,祝怀新. 我国中学生科学职业理想的调查与分析 [J]. 科普研究201510(1):42-48.
[17]
Carlone H BScott C MLowder C. Becoming(less)Scientific:A Longitudinal Study of Students’Identity Work from Elementary to Middle School Science[J]. Journal of Research in Science Teaching201451(7):836-869.
[18]
National Foundation for Educational Research. Exploring Young People’s Views on Science Education[R]. London:Wellcome Trust,2011:1-68.
[19]
田伟,辛涛,胡卫平. 义务教育阶段的科学教育:关键问题与对策建议 [J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)2021(3):82-91.
[20]
Kelly G M. Social Networks and Science Identity:Does Peer Commitment Matter?[D]. Lincoln:University of Nebraska,2019:5-7.
[21]
Bueno E HVelasquez S MDeil-Amen R,et al. “That Was the Biggest Help”:The Importance of Familial Support for Science,Technology,Engineering,and Math Community College Students[J]. Frontiers in Education20227:768547.
[22]
李小红,王杉,陈晨,等. 家庭文化资本对学生阅读素养的影响:基于多层logistic模型的实证研究 [J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)202240(8):57-66.
[23]
Dika S LSingh K. Applications of Social Capital in Educational Literature:A Critical Synthesis[J]. Review of Educational Research200272(1):31-60.
[24]
He LZhou GSalinitri G,et al. Female Underrepresentation in STEM Subjects:An Exploratory Study of Female High School Students in China[J]. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics,Science and Technology Education202016(1):em1802.
[25]
石长慧,黄造玉. 我国青少年科技职业从业意愿的性别差异及其影响因素研究 [J]. 华东理工大学学报(社会科学版)201833(4):76-83.
[26]
Archer LMoote JMacleod E,et al. ASPIRES 2:Young People’s Science and Career Aspirations,Age 10-19[EB/OL].(2020-02-15)[2024-09-12]. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10092041/.
[27]
Schon J A. Science Identity in Informal Education[J]. Environmental Education Research201622(3):450-451.
[28]
Fajardo I. Fostering Science Identity for Latino High School Students[D]. Washington:University of Washington,2015:66.
[29]
教育部关于印发《义务教育课程设置实验方案》的通知[EB/OL].(2001-11-19)[2024-09-12]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A26/s7054/200111/t20011119_88602.html.
[30]
李川. PISA 2025科学素养测评框架的新动向及启示 [J]. 科普研究202217(1):52-58.
[31]
Lock R MCastillo JHazari Z,et al. Determining Strategies that Predict Physics Identity:Emphasizing Recognition and Interest[R]//2015 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings. College Park:MD,2015:199-202.
[32]
Singer AMontgomery GSchmoll S. How to Foster the Formation of STEM Identity:Studying Diversity in an Authentic Learning Environment[J]. International Journal of STEM Education20207(1):1-12.
[33]
Vincent-Ruz PMeyer TRoe S G,et al. Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of POGIL in a Large-Enrollment General Chemistry Course[J]. Journal of Chemical Education202097(5):1228-1238.
2024年第19卷第6期
PDF下载
135
61
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002
  • 接收时间:2024-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-06
基金
重庆市高等教育考试招生研究项目“新形势下学考选择性考试的内容构建及评价路径研究”(CQZSKS2023028)
作者信息
    西南大学科学教育研究中心,重庆 400715

通讯作者:

谭彬为通讯作者,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kpyj/CN/10.19293/j.cnki.1673-8357.2024.06.002
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏