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Since the end of 1990s, science and technology innovation has played a huge part in driving social development principally due to advances in science education over the years. Therefore, countries which take a lead in science and technology attach great importance to science education, which is a priority for the development of education. Science education is a fundamental approach not only to improve citizens’ scientific literacy and social development but also to guarantee the construction of innovation-oriented nation. In June, 1999, Decision on Deepening the Educational Reform and Propelling the Overall Development of Quality Education was issued by the Central Committee of Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council; since then, there have been a serials of policy documents sprung up concerning science education issued by the competent departments. The goal of science education has been shifted from fostering science and technology talents to advancing citizens’ scientific literacy; the concept of science education in China has learned the essence of good practices abroad; and the informal science learning tends to be much more flexible and diverse.

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20世纪90年代以来，随着时代的发展，科技创新对社会进步的巨大推动作用日益显著，世界科技先进国家都非常重视科学教育，将其置于教育发展的优先位置。我国科学教育是提高公民科学素质、促进社会发展的一项重大举措，是建设创新型国家的重要途径。自1999年6月中共中央、国务院颁布《关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》以来，一系列与科学教育相关的政策相继出台。我国科学教育的目的也已经由培养社会少数科技精英转变为培养公民的科学素质，科学教育理念逐渐与国际接轨，并且在非正式学习情境下的科学教育比较灵活和多元。

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