Article(id=1243226199305076982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, issueId=1243226190786441246, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7511/jslx20240619001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=1722009600000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774337823939, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1761580800000, pubDateStr=2025-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774337823939, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774337823939, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774337823939, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243226190786441246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, year='2025', volume='42', issue='5', pageStart='699', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774337821909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774338282025, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243228120724128564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, issueId=1243226190786441246, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243228120724128565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, issueId=1243226190786441246, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=803, endPage=810, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243226200051663104, articleId=1243226199305076982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, language=EN, title=An adaptive grasshopper algorithm for sparse-regularization-based structural damage assessment, columnId=1243226193193971746, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, columnName=Research Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Structural condition assessment is crucial for ensuring the safe services of structures, with structural damage detection (SDD) being a core component. In this paper, a novel SDD method is proposed based on the adaptive grasshopper algorithm and sparse regularization. It aims to tackle accuracy decline of SDD results and instability involving uncertainties and incomplete measurement, thereby achieving sparse-regularization-based structural condition assessment. Firstly, adaptive Lévy flight and elite opposition-based learning strategies are incorporated into the adaptive grasshopper algorithm to prevent the SDD process from falling into local optima and to enhance the stability of SDD results. Secondly, a modal parameter-based objective function with sparse regularization is formulated to increase the sparsity of SDD results, thereby improving SDD accuracy and robustness. The optimization results of competition-based evolutionary computation benchmark functions show that the adaptive grasshopper algorithm exhibits better global convergence and identification stability compared with its standard version. Numerical and experimental results for simply-supported beams indicate that the proposed method can ensure reliable SDD accuracy even in the case of incomplete measurements, and it possesses good noise robustness as well.

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结构状态评估对于保障结构安全服役至关重要,其中结构损伤识别是核心环节。针对测量不确定性及不完备性容易引发的结构损伤识别不适定性问题,提出一种基于自适应蝗虫算法与稀疏正则化的结构损伤识别方法,以获得精确可靠的结构损伤识别结果。首先,自适应蝗虫算法引入了自适应Lévy飞行和精英反向学习策略,避免结构损伤识别陷入局部最优,以提高识别结果稳定性;其次,融合了稀疏正则化构造模态参数型目标函数,通过提高结构损伤识别解的稀疏度以实现识别精度和鲁棒性的提高。基准函数测试表明,自适应蝗虫算法相比标准算法具有更好的全局收敛性和识别稳定性。简支梁的数值与试验结果表明,所提方法在不完备测量情况下仍可保证可靠的结构损伤识别精度,并且具有良好的噪声鲁棒性。

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陈泽鹏*(1992-),男,博士,副教授(E-mail:).

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陈泽鹏*(1992-),男,博士,副教授(E-mail:).

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Smart Structures and Systems, 2016, 17(6): 957-980., articleTitle=A hybrid self-adaptive Firefly-Nelder-Mead algorithm for structural damage detection, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243226239411012596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, awardId=52008109; 12072120, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52008109; 12072120), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243226219290935885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243226219303518799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, companyId=1243226219290935885, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243226219311907409, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243226231026598762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=CN, label=图5, caption=IGOA-ALOL与其他算法的结构损伤识别结果, figureFileSmall=wYFj1WBE0pi6TFaaMxCwug==, figureFileBig=iM9spzZk048QM0fpd5aeFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243226231316005743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=SDD results with L1 regularization, figureFileSmall=06QZhjt6sioYIfckWWs0Dw==, figureFileBig=vKHS9lpBmTrf+tpIaPrbsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243226231819322234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=CN, label=图6, caption=引入L1正则化后的结构损伤识别结果, figureFileSmall=06QZhjt6sioYIfckWWs0Dw==, figureFileBig=vKHS9lpBmTrf+tpIaPrbsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243226232100340607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, 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caption=实验模型、实验设备与损伤设置图, figureFileSmall=JLa7eMvt7Xg1B3nFVmnehQ==, figureFileBig=1h1aOJVZnuvNvruDm06jSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243226233631261587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=SDD results of experimental structure, figureFileSmall=V37Hi+uRtJDGgtGJXbGGhw==, figureFileBig=UojALCXVTuKNBxv50b5tzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243226233924862871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=CN, label=图9, caption=实验结构的结构损伤识别结果, figureFileSmall=V37Hi+uRtJDGgtGJXbGGhw==, figureFileBig=UojALCXVTuKNBxv50b5tzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243226234361070496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Pseudo codes of IGOA-ALOL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入:种群数量N,最大迭代次数L
输出:最优蝗虫个体αopt
1.初始化种群
2.计算每个个体的适应度值
3. αopt=最佳蝗虫个体
4. While l<L
5. 更新参数cl的值
6.  for each bgiBG
7.  计算并归一化蝗虫之间的距离到区间[1,4]
8.  根据公式更新每一个蝗虫的位置
9.  执行自适应Lévy飞行策略
10.  end for
11. 对当前迭代的精英个体执行精英反向学习策略
12. 更新全局最优个体αopt
13. l=l+1
14. end while
15.返回全局最优位置αopt
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IGOA-ALOL伪代码

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入:种群数量N,最大迭代次数L
输出:最优蝗虫个体αopt
1.初始化种群
2.计算每个个体的适应度值
3. αopt=最佳蝗虫个体
4. While l<L
5. 更新参数cl的值
6.  for each bgiBG
7.  计算并归一化蝗虫之间的距离到区间[1,4]
8.  根据公式更新每一个蝗虫的位置
9.  执行自适应Lévy飞行策略
10.  end for
11. 对当前迭代的精英个体执行精英反向学习策略
12. 更新全局最优个体αopt
13. l=l+1
14. end while
15.返回全局最优位置αopt
), ArticleFig(id=1243226235300594603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Damage cases

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工况类型损伤程度@损伤单元
1单损伤10%@E10
2两损伤-非对称10%@E10,10%@E16
3两损伤-对称15%@E6,15%@E16
4三损伤20%@E6,25%@E11,15%@E16
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损伤工况

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工况类型损伤程度@损伤单元
1单损伤10%@E10
2两损伤-非对称10%@E10,10%@E16
3两损伤-对称15%@E6,15%@E16
4三损伤20%@E6,25%@E11,15%@E16
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DVC100 values of different damage cases

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 工况1工况2工况3工况4
GOA0%0%0%0%
IGOA-AL45%14%10%6%
IGOA-OL39%22%16%2%
IGOA-ALOL85%61%39%14%
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不同损伤工况的DVC100值

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 工况1工况2工况3工况4
GOA0%0%0%0%
IGOA-AL45%14%10%6%
IGOA-OL39%22%16%2%
IGOA-ALOL85%61%39%14%
), ArticleFig(id=1243226236743435202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

DVC100 values of different damage cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 工况1工况2工况3工况4
GOA1%0%0%1%
IGOA-AL88%54%90%53%
IGOA-OL11%0%45%10%
IGOA-ALOL95%67%92%80%
), ArticleFig(id=1243226237041230787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同损伤工况的DVC100值

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 工况1工况2工况3工况4
GOA1%0%0%1%
IGOA-AL88%54%90%53%
IGOA-OL11%0%45%10%
IGOA-ALOL95%67%92%80%
), ArticleFig(id=1243226237531964362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Parameters before and after updating

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模型修正参数初始值修正值变化率
ρA/kg•m-19.07927.9325-12.63%
EI/N•m215995014056012.12%
kv/N•m-15.330e+8
kr/N•rad-103.785e+6
), ArticleFig(id=1243226237846537167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

简支梁模型修正前后参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型修正参数初始值修正值变化率
ρA/kg•m-19.07927.9325-12.63%
EI/N•m215995014056012.12%
kv/N•m-15.330e+8
kr/N•rad-103.785e+6
), ArticleFig(id=1243226238047863767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Experimental and calculated frequencies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶次实测值/Hz修正前修正后
计算值/Hz误差计算值误差
123.77823.0922.89%23.7780.00%
289.05892.3673.72%89.0580.00%
3188.612207.83210.19%188.6120.00%
), ArticleFig(id=1243226238215635928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

实测频率和模型计算频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶次实测值/Hz修正前修正后
计算值/Hz误差计算值误差
123.77823.0922.89%23.7780.00%
289.05892.3673.72%89.0580.00%
3188.612207.83210.19%188.6120.00%
), ArticleFig(id=1243226238651843554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Damage cases and corresponding frequencies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况裂纹深度@损伤位置估计损伤程度@损伤单元测量频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶
120 mm@0.489.1%@323.23682.886172.675
230 mm@0.495.2%@322.78778.817165.016
330 mm@0.495.2%@322.09675.093161.514
3 mm@2.270.1%@15
430 mm@0.495.2%@321.06770.828158.006
20 mm@2.289.1%@15
), ArticleFig(id=1243226239067079658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, articleId=1243226199305076982, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

实验损伤工况及对应测量频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况裂纹深度@损伤位置估计损伤程度@损伤单元测量频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶
120 mm@0.489.1%@323.23682.886172.675
230 mm@0.495.2%@322.78778.817165.016
330 mm@0.495.2%@322.09675.093161.514
3 mm@2.270.1%@15
430 mm@0.495.2%@321.06770.828158.006
20 mm@2.289.1%@15
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基于自适应蝗虫算法的结构损伤稀疏正则化评估
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刘琪钿 , 陈泽鹏 , 杨新华 , 陈舟
计算力学学报 | 研究论文 2025,42(5): 803-810
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计算力学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 42(5): 803-810
基于自适应蝗虫算法的结构损伤稀疏正则化评估
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刘琪钿, 陈泽鹏 , 杨新华, 陈舟
作者信息
  • 佛山大学 土木与交通学院,佛山 528225
  • 陈泽鹏*(1992-),男,博士,副教授(E-mail:).

An adaptive grasshopper algorithm for sparse-regularization-based structural damage assessment
Qitian LIU, Zepeng CHEN , Xinhua YANG, Zhou CHEN
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
出版时间: 2025-10-28 doi: 10.7511/jslx20240619001
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结构状态评估对于保障结构安全服役至关重要,其中结构损伤识别是核心环节。针对测量不确定性及不完备性容易引发的结构损伤识别不适定性问题,提出一种基于自适应蝗虫算法与稀疏正则化的结构损伤识别方法,以获得精确可靠的结构损伤识别结果。首先,自适应蝗虫算法引入了自适应Lévy飞行和精英反向学习策略,避免结构损伤识别陷入局部最优,以提高识别结果稳定性;其次,融合了稀疏正则化构造模态参数型目标函数,通过提高结构损伤识别解的稀疏度以实现识别精度和鲁棒性的提高。基准函数测试表明,自适应蝗虫算法相比标准算法具有更好的全局收敛性和识别稳定性。简支梁的数值与试验结果表明,所提方法在不完备测量情况下仍可保证可靠的结构损伤识别精度,并且具有良好的噪声鲁棒性。

结构状态评估  /  结构损伤识别  /  自适应蝗虫算法  /  稀疏正则化  /  不完备测量

Structural condition assessment is crucial for ensuring the safe services of structures, with structural damage detection (SDD) being a core component. In this paper, a novel SDD method is proposed based on the adaptive grasshopper algorithm and sparse regularization. It aims to tackle accuracy decline of SDD results and instability involving uncertainties and incomplete measurement, thereby achieving sparse-regularization-based structural condition assessment. Firstly, adaptive Lévy flight and elite opposition-based learning strategies are incorporated into the adaptive grasshopper algorithm to prevent the SDD process from falling into local optima and to enhance the stability of SDD results. Secondly, a modal parameter-based objective function with sparse regularization is formulated to increase the sparsity of SDD results, thereby improving SDD accuracy and robustness. The optimization results of competition-based evolutionary computation benchmark functions show that the adaptive grasshopper algorithm exhibits better global convergence and identification stability compared with its standard version. Numerical and experimental results for simply-supported beams indicate that the proposed method can ensure reliable SDD accuracy even in the case of incomplete measurements, and it possesses good noise robustness as well.

structural condition assessment  /  structural damage detection  /  adaptive grasshopper algorithm  /  sparse regularization  /  incomplete measurement
刘琪钿, 陈泽鹏, 杨新华, 陈舟. 基于自适应蝗虫算法的结构损伤稀疏正则化评估. 计算力学学报, 2025 , 42 (5) : 803 -810 . DOI: 10.7511/jslx20240619001
Qitian LIU, Zepeng CHEN, Xinhua YANG, Zhou CHEN. An adaptive grasshopper algorithm for sparse-regularization-based structural damage assessment[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (5) : 803 -810 . DOI: 10.7511/jslx20240619001
在结构运维过程中,结构状态评估是进行结构维修养护、增强结构抗灾能力、提高结构运行效率的重要前提[1]。其中,结构损伤识别SDD(Structural damage detection)是结构状态评估的核心部分,涉及两个系统状态间的比较[2]。我国现已建成的大量超复杂世界级工程[3]正面临老龄化和服役条件恶化等挑战[4],相关结构损伤识别的研究与应用亟需跟进,以保证结构安全服役[5]
在结构损伤识别方法中,模型修正是一种常用的方法,可以实现结构损伤的判定、定位,甚至定量[6,7]。该方法通过对初始有限元模型中的损伤相关参数不断迭代修正,以最小化模型输出响应或特征与实际结构测得值之间的误差,从而实现对实际结构状态的参数化评估[8]。相较于其他模型修正法,群智能算法具有搜索性能高效、迭代初值不敏感、不涉及逆运算等优点,如粒子群优化算法[8,9]、蚁群优化算法[10]、遗传算法[11]、蝴蝶优化算法[12]等已在结构损伤识别领域取得成功应用。然而,在测量不确定性及不完备性的影响下,群智能算法容易出现识别精度下降和噪声鲁棒性变差的问题。探索新型改进群智能算法以提高结构损伤识别精度及稳定性成为结构损伤识别领域的一个研究重点。蝗虫优化算法GOA(Grasshopper optimization algorithm)[13]是一种新型群智能算法,具有结构简单、效果稳定、局部搜索性能较强的优点,已成功应用于电气工程[14]、电子商务[15]、机械工程[16]等领域。但算法存在个体行为模式固定、易陷入局部最优的问题。
针对测量不确定性及不完备性影响下的结构损伤识别不适定问题,提出一种自适应蝗虫算法IGOA-ALOL(Improved grasshopper optimization algorithm by integrating adaptive Lévy flight and elite opposed learning mechanisms)与稀疏正则化相结合的结构损伤识别方法,以实现准确的结构状态稀疏正则化评估。自适应蝗虫算法具有2个改进,即自适应Lévy飞行和精英反向学习策略。改进策略的引入进一步增强了蝗虫个体行为模式的多样性,提高优化过程的全局收敛性。同时,稀疏正则化体现了损伤的稀疏分布特点[18],从而提升了在不完备测量和噪声干扰下的结构损伤识别精度和鲁棒性。CEC(Competition-based evolutionary computation)基准函数测试检验了所提方法的改进效果。此外,简支梁结构的数值仿真及试验损伤工况识别结果表明,所提方法可以准确识别不同工况损伤,且具有良好的噪声鲁棒性。
数学上,结构损伤识别问题可以表达成优化问题为
式中Jα)为目标函数,αopt为最优损伤因子向量。损伤因子向量α来源于单元刚度折减模型。该模型仅考虑损伤引起的刚度变化,将损伤后的整体刚度矩阵Kd表达为,其中,Kuiαi分别为第i个单元的无损单元刚度矩阵和损伤因子,αi∈[0,1),Nele为单元数量。
结构损伤会造成模态特征参数的改变,通过模态特征指标定义目标函数,并最小化目标函数值可以得到αopt。然而,仅以最小化模型计算与实际测量特征误差为目标,容易出现噪声及不完备测量下的损伤识别结果精度不足问题。考虑到实际结构损伤具有的稀疏分布特征[19],引入稀疏正则化进行结构状态稀疏正则化评估可以改善问题的不适定性。在相对频率变化率和模态柔度置信度的基础上,考虑引入L1范数作为稀疏正则化项,得到目标函数
式中为第i阶相对频率变化率绝对值,fiα)分别为第i阶测量和计算频率,为模态柔度置信度,Fiα)分别为第i阶测量和计算模态柔度的对角元素,Nm为模态阶数。根据文献[20],权重系数w1w2分别取为0.1和0.9,λ为正则化参数。
GOA模拟蝗虫在自然界中的种群迁移和觅食行为,将搜索分为探索和开发。在探索阶段,所有蝗虫个体在当前的解空间中随机跳跃,以遍历整个解区域。蝗虫位置更新同时受到种群中其他个体和最有个体的影响。GOA的数学模型表示为[13]
式中为第i个个体在第l+1次迭代的第m维位置,Nsw为种群大小,ubmlbm分别为个体第m维的上限和下限,为第i个和第j个蝗虫个体之间的欧氏距离,个体间吸引力
[13]表示第m维在第l次迭代的最优位置,参数cl=cmax-l/L×(cmaxcmin)为线性递减系数,cmaxcmin分别为该参数的最大值和最小值,lL分别为当前迭代次数和最大迭代次数。该算法中,蝗虫个体之间的行为模式较为固定,导致算法容易陷入局部最优。因此,引入自适应Lévy飞行和精英反向学习策略,以增强群体多样性,从而提高结构损伤识别精度。
Lévy飞行通过随机游走产生新解,可以有效地保证全局收敛性。其步长Lévy(β)~uv-1/β,其中v~N(0,1)。β为步长控制参数,其值与大步长出现概率呈反相关关系。利用这种特性,提出自适应Lévy飞行策略。该策略引入β随迭代自适应变化的情况,即
式中 上标l为第l次迭代,系数a1a2βminβmax分别取14.00、2.25、1.5和2.0[13]。该策略下,迭代早期β值较小,可以获得较大步长以提高全局搜索性能;而迭代后期其值增大,步长随之减小,可以快速收敛当前最优解。自适应Lévy飞行策略下,蝗虫位置按照下式更新。
式中,其中βO建议取最优值1.5[13]
精英反向学习EOBL(Elite Opposition-Based Learning)可以有效降低算法陷入局部最优的风险,同时弥补反向学习[17]存在的边界固定、更新方式简单、搜索经验难以保留等缺点。该策略中,适应度值最好的前10%种群通过反向点生成精英反向种群,并替换掉原始种群中适应度较差的后10%种群。其他80%种群保持不变。其中,精英反向种群的位置确定如下:
式中rel~U(0,1),EumElm分别为精英蝗虫种群在第m维的最大和最小值。
融合自适应Lévy飞行和精英反向学习的IGOA-ALOL算法伪代码列入表1
结合自适应蝗虫算法与稀疏正则化得到本文结构损伤识别方法流程如图1所示。
选择Sphere、Griewank、Ackley和Rastrigin 4个CEC基准测试函数[18],通过与原始GOA、蚁狮优化算法ALO(Ant lion optimizer)、蜻蜓算法DA(Dragonfly algorithm)、粒子群优化算法PSO(Particle swarm optimization)和飞蛾扑火算法MFO(Mothflame optimization algorithm)的比较,检验IGOA-ALOL求解优化问题的性能。4个基准函数分别用F1、F2、F3和F4表示,最小适应度值均为0。
种群数量统一设置为30,最大迭代次数为100,优化问题维度为30。不同算法各执行10次独立计算,结果统计如图2所示。其中,上下边缘短横线表示适应度最大值和最小值,箱体上下边界表示上下四分位数,中间横线表示中位数。可以看出,对4个基准函数的优化结果中,IGOA-ALOL得到的适应度均最小,其全局优化性能优于另外5种算法。其次,IGOA-ALOL对于F1、F2和F3优化结果的中位数、最值以及上下四分位数几乎重合,其识别稳定性亦优于另外5种算法。算法对F4的识别稳定性稍有下降,但次于GOA。
以简支梁为例,研究IGOA-ALOL的结构损伤识别效果,结构简图及几何尺寸如图3所示,梁截面面积A=0.48 m2,惯性矩I=0.0256 m4。材料弹性模量E=210 GPa,密度ρ=7850 kg/m3。采用20个等长度的两结点四自由度平面弯曲梁单元对结构进行有限元离散。不同算法种群个体数量为100,最大迭代次数为100。取Nm=5及竖向自由度方向的振型数据代入式(2)定义的目标函数进行求解。
群智能算法单次计算存在偶然性,不能代表方法的有效性。因此,对不同损伤工况,本文执行100次独立计算,并取均值作为最终识别结果。同时,使用DVC100[20]指标定量地评估算法的识别成功率。DVC100表示识别损伤因子向量与假设损伤因子向量的夹角余弦等于1在多次识别结果中占的百分比,更详细描述可参见文献[20]。
在不考虑稀疏正则化(即λ=0)的情况下,不同改进策略对表2所列损伤工况的结构损伤识别结果如图4所示。其中,IGOA-AL表示在GOA仅融入自适应Lévy飞行策略,IGOA-OL表示在GOA仅融入精英反向学习策略。
可以看出,GOA的识别结果存在较多误判单元且在靠近支座处误判较大,无法有效定位损伤。相比之下,融合改进策略的算法均得到了较为准确的结构损伤识别结果。在单损伤工况中,IGOA-AL、IGOA-OL和IGOA-ALOL均能准确定位损伤,除IGOA-OL在1号和9号单元处存在小幅度误判以外,IGOA-AL和IGOA-ALOL均未见明显损伤误判,而且IGOA-ALOL的识别成功率最高,达到85%。在多损伤工况中,IGOA-AL、IGOA-OL和IGOA-ALOL均出现了不同程度的误判,不过相较而言,IGOA-ALOL的误判单元最少,且误判单元幅值均最小。
表3给出的DVC100值显示,和GOA相比,另外三种算法的结构损伤识别成功率均有提升,且IGOA-ALOL的提升效果最为明显。这表明,任一种改进策略均能有效地提高GOA的结构损伤识别成功率,而同时融合这两种改进策略的IGOA-ALOL具有最好的结构损伤识别性能。
进一步比较所提IGOA-ALOL与ALO、PSO和MFO的结构损伤识别结果,对4种工况的识别结果如图5所示。可以看出,基于IGOA-ALOL的结构损伤识别结果中误判单元最少,且误判单元识别值也最小,其最终识别精度较其他群智能算法更高。
为了控制各方法变量一致,经步长为0.01的网格搜索试验,取稀疏正则化稀系数λ=0.03,得到基于IGOA-ALOL、GOA、IGOA-AL、IGOA-OL的结构损伤识别结果如图6所示。
可以看出,引入稀疏正则化后,GOA的结构损伤识别精度未见明显提升。而另外三种算法在靠近支座处单元以及损伤位置邻近单元的误判程度均减弱。其中,IGOA-ALOL的识别结果几乎没有误判且真实损伤处的识别值最接近假设损伤。
表4给出的DVC100值显示,引入L1范数正则化后,IGOA-AL、IGOA-OL和IGOA-ALOL的结构识别损伤成功率进一步提升,且以IGOA-ALOL提升效果最为明显。这表明,基于IGOA-ALOL的结构损伤稀疏正则化识别具有最高的识别精度。
通过rnoi=rcal(1+EpNoise)添加高斯白噪声以模拟实际模态参数的测量不确定性,式中rnoircal分别为有噪声和无噪声数据,Ep为噪声水平,Noise为服从N(0,1)的高斯分布随机数。
对工况3和工况4的频率和振型数据同时添加1.5%噪声,得到基于IGOA-ALOL和稀疏正则化的结构损伤识别结果如图7所示。可以看出,在引入稀疏正则化后,IGOA-ALOL在支座处的损伤误判幅度明显下降,而在大部分真实损伤处的识别精度略高于无稀疏正则化的结果,这在一定程度上降低了误判的风险。说明稀疏正则化项的引入对于精度和鲁棒性的提高有一定的帮助。
通过方管截面简支梁模型实验检验本文方法在实际结构损伤识别中的应用效果。简支梁长3 m,横截面尺寸60 mm×140 mm,方管厚度3 mm。材料初始弹性模量210 GPa,密度7800 kg/m3。等间距布置21个ICP333B30加速度传感器,在距离左端支座1.65 m处采用HEV-200激振器激励,以获取加速度响应。结构前三阶频率和模态振型通过LMS SCADAS模态数据采集系统内置算法提取。实验模型、实验设备、激励装置及损伤模拟形式如图8所示。
试验过程中,发现实测无损频率与初始有限元模型计算频率之间存在误差,同时结构支座处也非理想固支。因此,选择线密度ρA、抗弯刚度EI、支座处竖向弹簧刚度kv和扭转弹簧刚度kr四个参数进行初始有限元模型修正,以缩小初始模型与实际结构的误差,从而得到用于后续准确结构损伤识别的基准模型。参数修正后列入表5。计算及实测频率列入表6,其中误差值根据(计算值-实测值)/实测值×100%计算。修正后,频率计算值与实测值基本吻合,表明修正参数合理有效。
实验室沿高度方向对方管梁进行切割以模拟损伤,4种损伤工况列入表7。为估算真实损伤,损伤程度依据损伤前后惯性矩的变化进行计算[21]表7结果显示前三阶频率随着单元损伤加剧呈现下降趋势,且第三阶频率下降最为明显。这与理论相吻合,说明实验频率测量值合理有效。
本节算法参数与上文相同,依据式(2)定义目标函数,得到基于IGOA-ALOL的结构损伤识别结果如图9所示。其中,L1+xDOFs表示采用λ=0.03的正则化系数和仅考虑x个竖向自由度振型数据的识别结果,未考虑L1正则化表示λ=0的识别结果。可以看出,在单损伤工况下,不考虑稀疏正则化可以有效地定位损伤,但在真实损伤处的识别精度较低,且4号单元存在明显误判。相比之下,结合IGOA-ALOL与稀疏正则化不仅识别精度较高,且基本没有误判单元。这说明,本文所提方法在实验工况下亦能够有效实现结构损伤的准确定位和定量。此外,图9还对比了仅测量10个(2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20号结点竖向)和14个(1、3、4、6、7、9、10、12、13、15、16、18、19、21号结点竖向)的结构损伤识别结果,以检验所提方法在不完备振型测量条件下的有效性。可以看出,所提方法的结构损伤识别精度随着测量自由度有所下降。但当合理选择测点位置时,所提方法在仅获得一半竖向自由度的模态信息的情况下仍然可以较为准确地识别结构的损伤情况。
针对测量不确定性及不完备性引起的结构损伤识别不适定问题,提出了一种融合自适应蝗虫算法IGOA-ALOL与稀疏正则化的结构损伤识别新方法,以实现结构状态稀疏正则化评估。IGOA-ALOL在传统蝗虫算法基础上引入了自适应Lévy飞行和精英反向学习策略。CEC基准函数测试、简支梁数值算例和实验结构工况识别验证了所提方法具有精确的识别精度和良好的噪声鲁棒性。具体结论如下。
(1)蝗虫算法在结构损伤识别领域直接应用的识别精度较差,需要引入新的策略以提高种群的多样性以及全局收敛性,从而满足不同损伤工况的识别精度要求;在本文考虑改进策略中,同时结合自适应Lévy飞行策略和精英反向学习策略的IGOA-ALOL具有最高的结构损伤识别精度。
(2)在不同的损伤工况和测量不确定性影响下,本文所提融合IGOA-ALOL与稀疏正则化的结构损伤识别方法能够有效地提高结构损伤识别精度和噪声鲁棒性,具有一定的实际结构应用潜力。
(3)实验室方管截面梁实验结果验证了本文所提方法应用于实际结构的有效性。不完备振型测量条件下的结构损伤识别结果表明,本文方法在仅获得一半竖向自由度的振型信息的情况下仍可以提供准确的结构损伤识别结果。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52008109; 12072120)
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2025年第42卷第5期
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doi: 10.7511/jslx20240619001
  • 接收时间:2024-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-19
  • 修回日期:2024-07-27
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国家自然科学基金(52008109; 12072120)
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    佛山大学 土木与交通学院,佛山 528225
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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