Article(id=1243226197094674505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, issueId=1243226190786441246, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7511/jslx20240610001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717948800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-10, revisedDate=1722873600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774337823413, onlineDateStr=2026-03-24, pubDate=1761580800000, pubDateStr=2025-10-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774337823413, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774337823413, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774337823413, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243226190786441246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, year='2025', volume='42', issue='5', pageStart='699', pageEnd='888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774337821909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774338282025, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243228120724128564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, issueId=1243226190786441246, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243228120724128565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, issueId=1243226190786441246, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=852, endPage=858, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243226199623839845, articleId=1243226197094674505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1242798230522609684, language=EN, title=Evolution mechanism of dimpling and interface separation in bimetal clad pipes, columnId=1243226193193971746, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, columnName=Research Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the evolution of dimpling and the mechanism of interface separation in bimetal clad pipes under external mechanical loading, a stress model was established. The study analyzed the effects of the ratio of diameter to thickness for the inner and outer pipes, forming pressure, initial forming clearance, and operational internal pressure on dent formation and interface separation. Results indicate that interface separation distance and rebound rate correlate positively with the ratio of diameter to thickness for the inner pipes, forming pressure, and initial forming clearance, and negatively with the ratio of diameter to thickness for the outer pipes. Higher operational internal pressure reduces interface separation but increases rebound rate. Internal pressurization of dented pipes decreases interface separation; for instance, under 2-MPa operating pressure, interface separation is 5% less compared with conditions under 2-MPa pressurization. Additionally, the difference in separation between these conditions decreases with increasing pressure. Adjacent dimpling results in increased interface separation in intermediate pipe segments, causing a broader interface separation area compared with isolated dimpling.

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为研究双金属复合管在外部硬物作用下的凹陷演变过程及界面分离机理,建立了压头作用下复合管受力模型,研究了内管和外管径厚比、成型压力、初始成型间隙和运行内压对复合管凹陷及界面分离的影响。结果表明,复合管界面分离距离和回弹率与内管径厚比、成型压力和初始成型间隙成正相关,与外管径厚比成负相关;运行内压越大,界面分离量越小,但回弹率越大;对凹陷管道内部进行充压可减小界面分离量,运行压力2 MPa的复合管分离量比充压2 MPa工况小5%,两种工况分离量差值随着压力增加而降低;相邻凹陷的发生会导致中间管段界面分离量增大,比单凹陷造成界面分离范围更广。

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张杰*(1987-),男,博士,教授(E-mail:).

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双金属复合管凹陷演变机制及界面分离研究
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张杰 1 , 杨云 1 , 胡特 1 , 林睿南 2 , 胡世强 3
计算力学学报 | 研究论文 2025,42(5): 852-858
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计算力学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 42(5): 852-858
双金属复合管凹陷演变机制及界面分离研究
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张杰1 , 杨云1, 胡特1, 林睿南2, 胡世强3
作者信息
  • 1.西南石油大学 石油天然气装备技术四川省科技资源共享服务平台,成都 610500
  • 2.中国石油西南油气田分公司输气管理处,成都 610213
  • 3.四川科新机电股份有限公司,什邡 618400
  • 张杰*(1987-),男,博士,教授(E-mail:).

Evolution mechanism of dimpling and interface separation in bimetal clad pipes
Jie ZHANG1 , Yun YANG1, Te HU1, Ruinan LIN2, Shiqiang HU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Oil and Gas Equipment Technology Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Southwest Petroleum University, 610500, China
  • 2.Gas Management Office, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610213, China
  • 3.Sichuan Kexin Electromechanical Co., Ltd. Shifang 618400, China
出版时间: 2025-10-28 doi: 10.7511/jslx20240610001
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为研究双金属复合管在外部硬物作用下的凹陷演变过程及界面分离机理,建立了压头作用下复合管受力模型,研究了内管和外管径厚比、成型压力、初始成型间隙和运行内压对复合管凹陷及界面分离的影响。结果表明,复合管界面分离距离和回弹率与内管径厚比、成型压力和初始成型间隙成正相关,与外管径厚比成负相关;运行内压越大,界面分离量越小,但回弹率越大;对凹陷管道内部进行充压可减小界面分离量,运行压力2 MPa的复合管分离量比充压2 MPa工况小5%,两种工况分离量差值随着压力增加而降低;相邻凹陷的发生会导致中间管段界面分离量增大,比单凹陷造成界面分离范围更广。

双金属复合管  /  外部硬物  /  回弹率  /  凹陷  /  界面分离

To investigate the evolution of dimpling and the mechanism of interface separation in bimetal clad pipes under external mechanical loading, a stress model was established. The study analyzed the effects of the ratio of diameter to thickness for the inner and outer pipes, forming pressure, initial forming clearance, and operational internal pressure on dent formation and interface separation. Results indicate that interface separation distance and rebound rate correlate positively with the ratio of diameter to thickness for the inner pipes, forming pressure, and initial forming clearance, and negatively with the ratio of diameter to thickness for the outer pipes. Higher operational internal pressure reduces interface separation but increases rebound rate. Internal pressurization of dented pipes decreases interface separation; for instance, under 2-MPa operating pressure, interface separation is 5% less compared with conditions under 2-MPa pressurization. Additionally, the difference in separation between these conditions decreases with increasing pressure. Adjacent dimpling results in increased interface separation in intermediate pipe segments, causing a broader interface separation area compared with isolated dimpling.

bimetal clad pipe  /  external mechanical loading  /  rebound rates  /  dimpling  /  interface separation
张杰, 杨云, 胡特, 林睿南, 胡世强. 双金属复合管凹陷演变机制及界面分离研究. 计算力学学报, 2025 , 42 (5) : 852 -858 . DOI: 10.7511/jslx20240610001
Jie ZHANG, Yun YANG, Te HU, Ruinan LIN, Shiqiang HU. Evolution mechanism of dimpling and interface separation in bimetal clad pipes[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (5) : 852 -858 . DOI: 10.7511/jslx20240610001
双金属复合管外管为高强度碳钢,内衬管为耐腐蚀性不锈钢,故其同时具有两种钢材优点[1]。双金属复合管极易遭受外部挤压或冲击载荷,如抛锚及第三方活动引发坠物易造成海底双金属复合管冲击损伤,导致内衬管起皱、脱落,进而造成整体结构失效。因此揭示外部机械载荷下双金属复合管的界面分离机制,提出相应评价方法对管道安全服役至关重要。
近年来,相关学者对受外载双金属复合管开展研究,如Zheng等[2]研究发现双金属管道承受外部压力下的撞击凹陷更为严重[3];杨肇琰等[4]为研究天然气中CO2腐蚀问题,对双金属复合管基层、衬层材质,从设计、施工等方面进行探究;袁林等[5]基于弹塑性本构关系及虚功原理构建了用于复合管加工工艺分析理论计算模型,发现初始间隙的增大降低了复合管机械结合强度;陈俊文等[6]研究了成型内压及温度对复合管成型过程中紧密度的影响;杨璐等[7]发现采用换算截面法设计双金属复合管能更好地考虑衬管承载能力;张春迎等[8]发现降低管道径厚比能有效延缓管道屈曲,减小内衬管褶皱幅值;李英等[9]发现垂直于管道轴线方向锚击会造成双金属复合管严重损伤;Zhang等[10]研究了衬管在复杂加载下的屈曲失效,发现增加成型过程中残余接触压力有助于提高衬管抗屈曲能力;Xu等[11]研究了内外管厚度比例对复合管紧密的影响。
综上所述,目前针对复合管凹陷及界面分离研究极少,而该现象是机械复合管发生破坏的最常见失效形式之一。为此,本文对径向挤压载荷下双金属复合管的凹陷行为及界面分离效应进行研究。模型为球形压头挤压双金属复合管,复合管采用液压成型,在一定的位移下对管道双金属复合管进行挤压,最终产生管道凹陷以及界面分离现象。
复合管长4 m,外管为X65,外径325 mm,弹性模量210 GPa,泊松比0.3,屈服强度466 MPa;内管为316 L,外径294.4 mm,弹性模量198 GPa,泊松比0.3,屈服强度277 MPa,球形压头半径70 mm。由其成型原理可知[12],成型内压P
式中σsB为外管屈服强度,KB为外管外内径之比,σseql为内管当量屈服强度,KL为内管外内径之比。得到复合管初步成型内压50 MPa~60 MPa,为保证卸压后管间紧密连接,选成型内压55 MPa计算。
为准确地描述金属材料弹塑性阶段,内外管本构模型均采用Ramberg-Osgood模型,由Hill修正。其中外管材料X65为
式中E为弹性模量,σ0.2为塑性变形为0.2%时屈服强度,n为应力指数,X65材料应力指数为13[13]。内管材料316L本构参见文献[14]。
图1为球形压头挤压双金属复合管模型。通过网格无关性分析,选用模型网格数量为20万个。内外管采用六面单元,内外管间摩擦因素为0.3。整个仿真过程分为成型阶段、加载阶段和卸载阶段。
为验证模型可靠性,根据文献[15]建立相同规格双金属管模型,所建仿真模型与文献中理论模型、试验模型、有限元模型的计算结果误差值约为5.4%,说明所建模型较为可靠。
图2为压头挤压及卸载过程中复合管整体及局部应力分布。径向挤压下内衬管与外基管均发生较大变形,造成内外管界面发生局部分离,其中内外管等效应力随压头加载深度增加而增大,达到管材屈服应力而发生变形,卸载后复合管最大等效应力有所减小。
图3为复合管受载后凹陷过程。压头作用下内外管变形大致相同,压头接触部位产生凹陷。加载阶段,随着凹陷深度增加,屈曲发生在上半部分,但下半部分曲率半径逐渐增加。回弹阶段,复合管凹陷深度减小,靠近凹陷处内外管曲率半径不一致,外基管曲率半径明显大于内衬管,因此靠近管道凹陷中心处产生界面分离,但凹陷中心未分离。
内外管间接触压力可抵抗外管变形,应当控制在合适范围内。由图4可知,球形压头开始加载时,内外管间接触压力最大,随着加载进行,界面之间接触压力逐渐降低;压头完全加载及卸载过程中,界面接触压力的周向范围最广;加载过程中界面接触压力随之较小,特别是靠近凹陷中心处两侧位置的接触压力变化更明显,原因是随着压头加载及卸载过程中复合管发生分离,界面间接触压力随之减小,但压头挤压对凹陷中心接触压力起促进作用。
图5为复合管凹陷及界面分离形态。压头作用下,凹陷中心到边缘的分离距离呈先增加后减小趋势;卸载后复合管回弹,各处界面分离距离减小。
图6为不同内管径厚比下复合管界面分离结果。图6(a)中,随着内管径厚比增大,复合管分离的轴向范围增加,最大分离距离也随之增加,主要是因为径厚比增加会导致管道刚度下降,受外载荷作用时产生较大挠度和变形;远离凹陷中心的界面分离量受内管径厚比影响较大,而靠近凹陷中心处受内管径厚比影响较小;最大分离量达到11.71 mm,最小分离量达到7 mm。压头卸载后,管道回弹凹陷深度随之减小,回弹后最大分离量达9.36 mm,最小分离量为5.38 mm。图6(c)为回弹后复合管各处回弹率(回弹率等于压头加载后分离量减去回弹后分离量再除以压头加载后分离量),回弹率呈先增加后减小再增加趋势,复合管分离量最大位置处回弹率达到极值;随着内管径厚比增加,复合管最大分离量处回弹率随之增加,主要是因为内管径厚比增加增强形变恢复性。较薄内管受到外载荷后形变较大,但卸载后更快恢复到原始形状,而外管则可能保持一定形变;最大回弹率28.39%,最小回弹率21%。
图7为不同外管径厚比复合管界面分离分布。随着外管径厚比增大,最大分离位置向凹陷中心移动,从凹陷中心到最大分离处的分离量逐渐增大,而从最大分离量处到凹陷边缘的分离量逐渐减小,最大分离量随外管径厚比增加而降低,因为外管径厚比越小,外管壁厚相对较大,内外管之间粘接面积减少,加剧分层现象;最大分离量为8.19 mm,最小分离量为7.52 mm,回弹后最大分离量为6.32 mm,最小分离量为5.86 mm。复合管回弹后,最大分离位置的回弹率随外管径厚比增大而减小,最大回弹率为28.21%,最小回弹率为22.51%。
图8为不同成型内压下复合管各处界面分离量。内外管界面最大分离距离随成型内压增加而增加,当成型内压为60 MPa时,最大分离量达7.81 mm,回弹后最大分离量达5.97 mm;复合管回弹率沿轴向呈现先增加后减小再增加趋势,复合管轴向凹陷距离为0 mm~200 mm时,随着成型内压增加,回弹率随之增加;凹陷距离在200 mm之后,成型内压为60 MPa时,外管内壁发生一定塑性变形,故外管回弹会较小,分离量相对减小,故管道回弹率会增加,且轴向凹陷距离更多,所以当轴向凹陷距离超过300 mm时,曲线回弹率依然上升,直到凹陷边缘处开始下降。
图9为不同初始成型间隙下复合管各处分离量。界面最大分离距离处及靠近凹陷边缘处的分离量受初始成型间隙影响更大,最大分离距离处的分离量随初始成型间隙增加而增加,因为成型间隙相对较大,使内外管之间粘接面积减小导致粘接力减小。靠近凹陷边缘处分离量随初始成型间隙增加而减小;复合管回弹率沿轴向呈现先增加后减小再增加趋势,最大分离量处回弹率随初始成型间隙增加而增加,因为较大成型间隙管道成型后内外层形变量小,内外层分离之后,管道弹性恢复量更大。
服役过程中,输送介质压力会影响复合管凹陷及界面分离。图10为不同压力复合管界面各处分离量及回弹率,界面最大分离距离处的分离量随运行内压增加而减小,轴向分离程度也随之减小;运行内压大于6 MPa对界面分离距离影响减弱。因为运行内压可对外部载荷起到抵抗作用,但当运行内压达到一定值之后,抵抗作用增加不再明显。复合管回弹率沿轴向呈先增加后减小再增加趋势,最大分离量处回弹率随运行内压增加而增大。
图11为含凹陷复合管在充压后界面分离量。界面最大分离量随充压增加而减小;对比图10,运行压力2 MPa时,复合管分离量为充压2 MPa复合管分离量的95%,运行压力4 MPa时,复合管分离量为充压4 MPa复合管分离量的96%,主要原因是压力管道在工作时对硬物抗变形能力强;当压力大于6 MPa时,两种工况的分离量差异不明显。
以两个球形压头为例对双金属复合管相邻凹陷行为进行研究,复合管挤压变形如图12所示。当复合管两凹陷距离较近时,凹陷叠加区域管段变形较大,界面分离效应较为明显。
图13为双压头作用下复合管等效应力分布,内外管在凹陷形成过程中应力分布及变化规律不同。加载过程中,内管等效应力从两个凹陷中心区域逐渐向中间区域及两侧区域扩展,内管上半区域应力集中最为明显;卸载后,其等效应力随之减小,应力最大值存在于两凹陷中心之间区域。外管最大等效应力集中在凹陷中心,两凹陷中心中间叠加区域等效应力从低应力区域增加为高应力区域;回弹后等效应力随之减小,最大应力在凹陷中心,凹陷中心中间区域从高应力区域减小为低应力区域。
图14为双压头作用下复合管界面分离量。双压头作用下复合管分离量沿轴向呈先增加后减小再增加趋势,两凹陷中间管段区域分离量达到最大值,双压头联合作用会促使复合管界面最大分离量增加,两凹陷中心区域界面不会发生分离。
(1)双金属复合管受外部挤压时,高应力区主要分布在内外管凹陷处,内外管等效应力随压头加载深度增加而增大,并达到管材屈服应力而发生塑性变形;当外载卸载后,复合管最大等效应力有所减小且应力分布发生较大变化。
(2)内管径厚比越大,复合管界面分离距离和回弹率越大;外管径厚比越大,界面分离距离和回弹率越小;成型压力和初始成型间隙越大,复合管界面分离距离和回弹率越大;对于承压管道,运行内压越大,其界面分离距离越小,但回弹率更大。
(3)含凹陷复合管后再充压能使凹陷与分离距离减小,且随充压进行回弹率增加,但超过一定值后,回弹效果基本保持不变。
(4)双压头作用下复合管分离量沿轴向呈先增加后减小再增加趋势;两凹陷之间管壁界面的分离量最大,双压头联合作用会促使复合管最大分离量增加,但凹陷中心仍不会发生界面分离。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52104223)
  • 四川省重点研发计划(2024YFFK0422)
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2025年第42卷第5期
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doi: 10.7511/jslx20240610001
  • 接收时间:2024-06-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-24
  • 出版时间:2025-10-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-10
  • 修回日期:2024-08-06
基金
国家自然科学基金(52104223)
四川省重点研发计划(2024YFFK0422)
作者信息
    1.西南石油大学 石油天然气装备技术四川省科技资源共享服务平台,成都 610500
    2.中国石油西南油气田分公司输气管理处,成都 610213
    3.四川科新机电股份有限公司,什邡 618400
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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