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The microstructure of rail could be changed as well as mechanical properties, wear resistance and fatigue resistance of rail are significantly improved with heat treatment process so that service life of rail is increased. The online heat treatment process of remaining heat quenching has become the important part in production process of rail due to its advantages such as high efficiency and energy conservation. In the paper, it is discussed the effects of such key control factors in heat treatment process of rail as the stability of chemical compositions, heating and soaking processes of billet, online cooling process, equipment accuracy and process assembly quality on microstructure and various properties of rail in detail. The quality stability of rail could be guaranteed through the fine control of influence factors, which could meet the demands of modern railway constructions.

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热处理工艺改变钢轨的微观组织结构，显著提升其力学性能、耐磨性和抗疲劳性能，从而延长钢轨的使用寿命。在线余热淬火热处理工艺因其具有高效率和节能优势成为钢轨生产工序的重要环节。文章详细讨论了钢轨热处理过程中的关键控制因素，包括化学成分稳定性、钢坯加热和均热工艺、在线冷却工艺、设备精度和工艺装配质量等，对钢轨组织结构和各项性能的影响。通过对影响因素的精细化控制，可以保证钢轨质量的稳定性，满足现代化铁路建设的需求。

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达木仁扎布（1978-），男，内蒙古鄂尔多斯市人，高级工程师，现从事钢轨热处理技术管理工作。

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达木仁扎布（1978-），男，内蒙古鄂尔多斯市人，高级工程师，现从事钢轨热处理技术管理工作。

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