Article(id=1202984233556996752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)03-0090-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1647446400000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764743391645, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1656086400000, pubDateStr=2022-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764743391645, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764743391645, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764743391645, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202984226762219866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764743390026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764744768237, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=90, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202984233850598048, articleId=1202984233556996752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Continuous Determination of Zinc, Tin and Lead in Tin Bronze with Complexometric Titration, columnId=1187102804364640261, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Others, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The zinc and copper are separated from lead and tin based on the characteristics that ammonium hydroxide, zinc and copper form complex ions as well as ammonium hydroxide, lead and tin form precipitates. The effects of the acidity of zinc, lead and tin titrated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), added quantity of thiourea and ammonium fluoride as well as buffer solution on determination are tested. The test results showed that the pH value of solution acidity was 4.5~5.0 and selectivity of titration was higher when zinc was titrated with EDTA; pH value of solution acidity was 5.0~6.0 when determined lead and tin as well as the colors at titration end point changed sharply. The interference of coexisting ions could be avoided by adding sulfosalicylic acid. The determination range of this method is 0.50%~20%, relative standard deviations of zinc, lead and tin in tin bronze samples are all smaller than 2.0% through analysis as well as adding standard recovery is 97%~103%.

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利用氨水与锌、铜形成络合离子,与铅、锡生成沉淀的特性将锌、铜与铅、锡分离。实验了EDTA滴定锌、铅、锡的酸度、硫脲及氟化铵的加入量及缓冲溶液等对测定的影响,实验结果表明,EDTA滴定锌时,溶液酸度pH值为4.5~5.0时,滴定的选择性较高;测定铅、锡时,溶液酸度pH值为5.0~6.0时,滴定终点颜色变化敏锐,加入磺基水杨酸可以规避共存离子的干扰。本方法的测定范围为0.50%~20%,对锡青铜样品中锌、铅、锡进行分析,其相对标准偏差均小于2.0%,加标回收率在97%~103%之间。

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卢艳蓉(1972-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,主要从事钢、铁、合金及原辅材料的分析工作。

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卢艳蓉(1972-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,主要从事钢、铁、合金及原辅材料的分析工作。

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卢艳蓉(1972-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,主要从事钢、铁、合金及原辅材料的分析工作。

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元素 测定值(质量分数) 平均值
(质量分数)
SD RSD
Zn 10.96 10.88 10.92 10.76 10.79 10.94 10.85 0.07 0.65
10.85 10.82 10.76 10.82 10.88
Pb 4.28 4.12 4.09 4.25 4.16 4.12 4.16 0.07 1.6
4.17 4.08 4.11 4.19 4.21
Sn 5.16 5.21 5.24 5.14 5.16 5.18 5.16 0.05 0.98
5.22 5.07 5.17 5.14 5.11
), ArticleFig(id=1202984236807582570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984233556996752, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

精密度试验结果%

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元素 测定值(质量分数) 平均值
(质量分数)
SD RSD
Zn 10.96 10.88 10.92 10.76 10.79 10.94 10.85 0.07 0.65
10.85 10.82 10.76 10.82 10.88
Pb 4.28 4.12 4.09 4.25 4.16 4.12 4.16 0.07 1.6
4.17 4.08 4.11 4.19 4.21
Sn 5.16 5.21 5.24 5.14 5.16 5.18 5.16 0.05 0.98
5.22 5.07 5.17 5.14 5.11
), ArticleFig(id=1202984236899857261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984233556996752, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 元素 认定值
(质量分数)
测定值
(质量分数)
加标量
(质量分数)
测定总量
(质量分数)
回收率
材字678 Zn 5.25 5.31 5.00 10.38 103
Sn 5.69 5.67 5.00 10.52 97
Pb 3.25 3.09 5.00 8.34 102
ZQSn3-12-5 Zn 12.32 12.13 10.00 22.39 101
Sn 3.02 3.13 10.00 12.98 100
Pb 5.00 5.08 10.00 15.26 102
ZQSn4-4-4 Zn 3.11 2.97 15.00 18.15 101
Sn 3.64 3.57 15.00 18.42 99
Pb 3.70 3.66 15.00 18.84 101
), ArticleFig(id=1202984237008909166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984233556996752, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

准确度和加标回收试验%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 元素 认定值
(质量分数)
测定值
(质量分数)
加标量
(质量分数)
测定总量
(质量分数)
回收率
材字678 Zn 5.25 5.31 5.00 10.38 103
Sn 5.69 5.67 5.00 10.52 97
Pb 3.25 3.09 5.00 8.34 102
ZQSn3-12-5 Zn 12.32 12.13 10.00 22.39 101
Sn 3.02 3.13 10.00 12.98 100
Pb 5.00 5.08 10.00 15.26 102
ZQSn4-4-4 Zn 3.11 2.97 15.00 18.15 101
Sn 3.64 3.57 15.00 18.42 99
Pb 3.70 3.66 15.00 18.84 101
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络合滴定法连续测定锡青铜中锌锡铅
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卢艳蓉 1 , 王逸飞 2 , 石琳 1 , 周春玲 1
包钢科技 | 其他 2022,48(3): 90-94
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包钢科技 | 其他 2022, 48(3): 90-94
络合滴定法连续测定锡青铜中锌锡铅
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卢艳蓉1, 王逸飞2, 石琳1, 周春玲1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 浙江科技学院,浙江 杭州 310013
  • 卢艳蓉(1972-),女,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,主要从事钢、铁、合金及原辅材料的分析工作。

Continuous Determination of Zinc, Tin and Lead in Tin Bronze with Complexometric Titration
Yan-rong Lu1, Yi-fei Wang2, Lin Shi1, Chun-ling Zhou1
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
出版时间: 2022-06-25
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利用氨水与锌、铜形成络合离子,与铅、锡生成沉淀的特性将锌、铜与铅、锡分离。实验了EDTA滴定锌、铅、锡的酸度、硫脲及氟化铵的加入量及缓冲溶液等对测定的影响,实验结果表明,EDTA滴定锌时,溶液酸度pH值为4.5~5.0时,滴定的选择性较高;测定铅、锡时,溶液酸度pH值为5.0~6.0时,滴定终点颜色变化敏锐,加入磺基水杨酸可以规避共存离子的干扰。本方法的测定范围为0.50%~20%,对锡青铜样品中锌、铅、锡进行分析,其相对标准偏差均小于2.0%,加标回收率在97%~103%之间。

锡青铜  /  锌  /  锡  /  铅

The zinc and copper are separated from lead and tin based on the characteristics that ammonium hydroxide, zinc and copper form complex ions as well as ammonium hydroxide, lead and tin form precipitates. The effects of the acidity of zinc, lead and tin titrated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), added quantity of thiourea and ammonium fluoride as well as buffer solution on determination are tested. The test results showed that the pH value of solution acidity was 4.5~5.0 and selectivity of titration was higher when zinc was titrated with EDTA; pH value of solution acidity was 5.0~6.0 when determined lead and tin as well as the colors at titration end point changed sharply. The interference of coexisting ions could be avoided by adding sulfosalicylic acid. The determination range of this method is 0.50%~20%, relative standard deviations of zinc, lead and tin in tin bronze samples are all smaller than 2.0% through analysis as well as adding standard recovery is 97%~103%.

tin bronze  /  zinc  /  tin  /  lead
卢艳蓉, 王逸飞, 石琳, 周春玲. 络合滴定法连续测定锡青铜中锌锡铅. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (3) : 90 -94 .
Yan-rong Lu, Yi-fei Wang, Lin Shi, Chun-ling Zhou. Continuous Determination of Zinc, Tin and Lead in Tin Bronze with Complexometric Titration[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (3) : 90 -94 .
锡青铜一般用于制造弹性铜合金元件,为了提高铸造性能,铜中添加Pb、Zn、Sn等元素改善产品耐磨性、可切割性[1],有效准确地测量锌、锡、铅含量是锡青铜质量控制的重要环节之一。
一般铜合金中锌、锡、铅含量的分析方法有化学滴定法、原子吸收光度法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法[2]、光电直读光谱法[3]等。原子吸收法和氢化物原子荧光法适用于测定含微量锡的样品;电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定时,铜的谱线会对锌、锡、铅谱线产生影响;X射线荧光光谱法、光电直读光谱法虽然分析速度快,但是要求试样与制作曲线的标准样品基体必须匹配,否则测定结果准确度低。
虽然已有化学滴定法测定锡青铜中锌、铅、锡的报道,但不是3个元素的连续测定。文本采用采HCl、HNO3混合酸溶解样品,氨水分离后EDTA连续测定锌、锡、铅,对锡青铜进行大量的实验,不仅缩短了分析时间,而且节省大量的药品,同时本方法具有较高的精密度与准确度。
锡青铜标准物质:材字678(各元素认定值依次为Zn 5.25%、Sn 5.69%、Pb 3.25%)、ZQSn3-12-5(各元素认定值依次为Zn 12.32%、Sn 3.02%、Pb 5.00%)、ZQSn4-4-4(各元素认定值依次为Zn 3.11%、Sn 3.64%、Pb 3.70%)、ZQSn5-5-5(各元素认定值依次为Zn 4.23%、Sn 4.95%、Pb 4.74%);盐酸(1+1):盐酸与水的体积比为1∶1;盐酸-硝酸混酸(盐酸:硝酸:水的体积比为1∶1∶3);六次甲基四胺溶液:300 g/L;磺基水杨酸溶液:200 g/L;硫脲溶液:200 g/L;氟化铵溶液:200 g/L;碳酸钠溶液:50 g/L;乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液:取136 g乙酸铵溶解于500 mL高纯水、加入40 mL乙酸,再用高纯水稀释至1 L;氨水(1+1):氨水与水的体积比为1∶1;氨水-氯化铵洗液:2 g氯化铵、5 mL氨水,用水稀释至500 mL;EDTA标准溶液:0.015 00 mol/L,称取5.63 g EDTA基准试剂,加0.5 g氢氧化钾,用水溶解后过滤于1 000 mL容量瓶中,并稀释至刻度,此溶液浓度约为0.015 00 mol/L,用时用碳酸钙滴定溶液(c=0.015 00 mol/L)标定其准确浓度;硝酸铋标准溶液:0.015 00 mol/L,称取7.28 g硝酸铋基准试剂,用6 mol/L硝酸溶解稀释至1 000 mL容量瓶中,用时用EDTA滴定溶液(c=0.015 00 mol/L)标定其准确浓度。锡标准溶液:1.0 mg/mL(国家标准物质中心);铅标准溶液:1.0 mg/mL(国家标准物质中心);1-(-2吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)溶液:5 g/L,乙醇为溶剂;二甲酚橙溶液:2 g/L;实验用水为高纯水。
分别称取1.000 g锡青铜标准样品以及锡青铜1#试样于300 mL烧杯中,加入20 mL盐酸-硝酸混酸,在电热板上低温溶解,冷至室温,用水冲洗杯壁,保持体积40 mL左右,用氨水(1+1)调节溶液酸度至pH值为5,再过加15 mL。加3 mL 50 g/L碳酸钠溶液,加热煮沸10 s,取下稍冷、过滤,用热氨水-氯化铵洗液(约50 ℃)洗涤烧杯3次将沉淀全部转移至漏斗,再洗涤沉淀及至无明显蓝色。
空白试样:称取相同的高纯铜按上述方法同步操作,做随批空白。
溶液1:上述滤液中加入25 mL盐酸(1+1)将铜氨络离子全部溶解后,冷至室温后转移至250 mL容量瓶中,用水稀释滤液、定容,用来测定锌。
溶液2:用水将上述沉淀洗至原烧杯中,加20 mL盐酸(1+1)溶解后,移入250 mL容量瓶中,稀释、定容,用来测定铅、锡。
取50 mL溶液1于300 mL烧杯中,调节溶液酸度pH值为4.5~5.0,加入200 g/L硫脲溶液掩蔽铜,加入20 mL乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液控制溶液酸度,加入5滴2 g/L二甲酚橙指示剂,用0.015 00 mol/L EDTA标准溶液滴至亮黄色,记录消耗体积V
ω(Zn)= T Z n / E D T A × ( V - V ) × f × 100 m
式中:TZn/EDTAEDTAZn的滴定度,即单位体积EDTA标准溶液相当于Zn的质量,g/mL;m为锡青铜称样量,g;f为分液比;V为锡青铜样品消耗EDTA标准溶液的体积,mL;V空白为空白试样消耗EDTA标准溶液的体积,mL。
取50 mL溶液2于300 mL烧杯中,调节溶液酸度pH值为0.5~1.0,加入1.0 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液掩蔽铜,加入20 mL 0.015 00 mol/L EDTA标准溶液(记V),加热煮沸,取下冷至室温,再调节溶液酸度pH值为5.0~6.0,加入200 g/L六次甲基四胺溶液,加5滴PAN指示剂,用0.015 00 mol/L硝酸铋标准溶液滴至红色,记录消耗体积(记V1),此为过量的EDTA量。继续加入200 g/L氟化铵溶液,再用0.015 00 mol/L硝酸铋标准溶液滴至红色终点,记录消耗体积(记V2),此为锡的合量。
ω(Sn)= T S n / E D T A × ( V 2 - V 2 ) × F E D T A / B i N O 3 × f × 100 m
式中:TSn/EDTAEDTASn的滴定度,即单位体积EDTA标准溶液相当于Sn的质量,g/mL;m为锡青铜称样量,g;f为分液比;V2为锡青铜样品消耗硝酸铋标准溶液的体积,mL;V2空白为空白试样消耗硝酸铋标准溶液的体积,mL; F E D T A / B i N O 3为比对系数,即1.00 mL 0.015 00 mol/L硝酸铋标准溶液相当于EDTA标准溶液毫升数。
ω(Pb)= T F b / E D T A × [ ( V 1 + V 2 - V 2 ) × F E D T A / B i N O 3 ] × f × 100 m
式中:TPb/EDTAEDTAPb的滴定度,即单位体积EDTA标准溶液相当于Pb的质量,g/mL;V为加入EDTA体积,mL;m为锡青铜称样量,g;f为分液比;V1V2为消耗硝酸铋标准溶液的体积,mL; F E D T A / B i N O 3为比对系数,即1.00 mL 0.015 00 mol/L硝酸铋标准溶液相当于EDTA标准溶液毫升数。
分取50 mL标准样品ZQSn3-12-5、ZQSn4-4-4溶液1各3份,用氨水(1+1)分别调节溶液酸度pH值为4.5、6.0、7.0,加入20 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液、20 mL乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液,加5滴二甲酚橙指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴至亮黄色。结果发现:当溶液酸度pH值为4.5时,滴定至终点10 min后溶液出现浑浊;溶液酸度pH值为6.0时,滴定至终点5 min后溶液出现浑浊(当Zn2+浓度约为0.1 mol/L、pH>6.0时,Zn2+开始水解);溶液酸度pH值为7.0时,滴定至终点不到1 min溶液就出现浑浊。故实验选择调节溶液酸度pH值为4.5~5.0。
分取50 mL标准样品ZQSn3-12-5、ZQSn4-4-4溶液1各3份,用氨水(1+1)调节溶液酸度pH值为4.5,分别加入10 mL、15 mL、20 mL、25 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液,然后按上述方法继续操作,得出加入200 g/L硫脲溶液的量少于15 mL时,锌测定结果偏高,说明硫脲没有将铜全部掩蔽,干扰了锌的测定。实验确定加入20 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液。
铜离子会干扰铅、锡的测定,且铅、锡离子易水解,虽然前期已经通过沉淀分离的方法将大量铜去除,但是需要掩蔽溶液中残留的微量铜离子,而掩蔽铜离子需要在酸性溶液中进行,按两种方式调节溶液酸度。
方式1:分取50 mL标准样品ZQSn3-12-5、ZQSn4-4-4溶液2各3份,用氨水(1+1)先将溶液酸度调节至pH值为0.5~1.0,加入1.0 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液,加入20 mL 0.015 00 mol/L的EDTA标准溶液,煮沸、冷却后,再分别调节溶液酸度pH值5.0、6.0、7.0,再按上述实验方法继续操作。当溶液酸度为pH值为5.0、6.0时,测定铅、锡时溶液透明清澈,终点易观察,两个标准物质的Sn、Pb测定结果分别为3.01%、4.96%,2.95%、5.00%及3.59%、3.64%,3.59%、3.62%,与标准物质的认定值一致;pH值为7.0时,测定铅时溶液虽然透明,但终点不易观察。
方式2:分取4份50 mL标准样品ZQSn4-4-4溶液2,用氨水(1+1)先将溶液酸度调节至溶液刚出现蓝色,再分别加入3 mL、4 mL、5 mL、6 mL盐酸(1+1),加入1.0 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液,加入20 mL 0.015 00 mol/L EDTA标准溶液,煮沸、冷却后,再按上述实验方法继续操作。当加入3 mL盐酸(1+1),测定铅、锡时溶液透明清澈,终点易观察,锡、铅的测定结果为3.58%、3.67%;加入4 mL盐酸(1+1)时滴定铅的终点不易观察;加入5 mL、6 mL盐酸(1+1)时,测定铅时溶液浑浊,终点不易观察。
由于方式2时调节酸度至溶液刚出现蓝色不好掌握,所以采用方式1调节溶液酸度。
因为溶液中残留微量铜离子,而铜离子干扰锡、铅的测定,所以需要用掩蔽剂将铜离子掩蔽以消除铜的影响。在铜、铅、锡离子共存的溶液中,常用的既能掩蔽铜离子又不影响铅、锡离子存在形态的掩蔽剂有硫脲、菲罗林、钛铁试剂、甘氨酸、DDTC、 S 2 O 3 2 - S O 3 2 -等,通过实验比对,本方法采用硫脲做铜的掩蔽剂。分取3份50 mL标准样品ZQSn4-4-4溶液2,用氨水先将溶液酸度调节至pH值为0.5,分别加入1.0 mL、2.0 mL、3.0 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液,按实验方法测定铅、锡含量,3份溶液中铅的测定值分别为3.57%、3.59%、3.59%、锡测定结果分别为3.62%、3.65%、3.68%,说明1.0 mL 200 g/L硫脲溶液能将溶液中的微量铜离子完全掩蔽,如图1
分取4份50 mL标准样品ZQSn4-4-4溶液2,用方式1调节溶液酸度后,煮沸、冷却,分别加入10 mL、15 mL、20 mL、25 mL 200 g/L六次甲基四胺溶液,按上述实验方法继续测定。当加入10 mL、15 mL六次甲基四胺溶液时,滴定至锡的终点颜色为棕黄色,终点颜色突变不明显,而且大约30 s后,棕黄色逐渐返回为黄色;当加入20 mL、25 mL六次甲基四胺溶液时,滴定至锡的终点颜色为红色,标准物质ZQSn4-4-4的锡、铅测定结果分别为3.57%、3.58%及3.62%、3.66%。通过实验结果得到:当进行滴定时,加入20 mL 200 g/L六次甲基四胺溶液能控制溶液的酸度在滴定时保持不变。
分取4份50 mL标准样品ZQSn5-5-5溶液2,按上述已经确定的实验方法,分别加入5 mL、10 mL、15 mL、20 mL 200 g/L氟化铵溶液,后测定锡含量,结果表明,加入5 mL 200 g/L氟化铵溶液即可将Sn-EDTA中的锡完全取代而释放出锡。综合考虑试样中锡含量情况,本方法确定加入10 mL 200 g/L氟化铵溶液。
一般锡青铜成分中锌、锡、铅含量均小于15%,其他常见杂质镍小于0.1%、铝、铁小于0.050%、锰、锑、铋小于0.020%。在0.5 mg/mL的锡-铅混合标准溶液中加入一定量的镍、铝、铁、锰、锑、铋离子进行干扰实验。当相对误差≤±5%时,共存离子锑含量不大于0.50%、铋、镍含量不大于0.050%、锰、铝、铁含量不大于0.10%,不干扰锡、铅的测定。加入5 mL 200 g/L磺基水杨酸可使铋、镍、锰、铝、铁的允许量提高至5%,所以样品中如含有0.050%~5%的铋、锰、镍、铁、铝时可加入5 mL 200 g/L磺基水杨酸以消除铋、锰、镍、铁、铝对测定的干扰。
按照实验方法制备11份试剂空白溶液,测定锌、铅、锡后,计算3倍的标准偏差作为检出限,锌、铅、锡的检出限分别为0.045%、0.050%、0.050%。结合实际样品中锌、铅、锡的含量,本方法锌、铅、锡的测定下限为0.5%。
测定上限可根据滴定准确度和实际样品含量来确定,本方法锌、铅、锡测定上限为20.0%。
选择锡青铜1#试样,在所选实验方法下,平行制备11份样品溶液,测定锡、铅、锌含量,进行精密度考察。计算各组分测定结果的标准偏差(SD)及相对标准偏差(RSD),见表1
选取3个锡青铜标准样品材字678、ZQSn3-12-5、ZQSn4-4-4进行准确度验证,并进行加标回收实验,测定结果与认定值进行比对,结果如表2所示。
容量分析是一种简单、快捷、准确度高的分析方法。本方法使用氨水将锌、铜与锡、铅、铁、镍、锰、铋、锑、铝分离,滤液分液后,20 mL 200 g/L硫脲可掩蔽共存的铜离子,在pH值为4.5~5.0时能够准确测定溶液中锌含量。测定铅、锡时,加入1.0 mL 200 g/L硫脲可完全掩蔽少量铜;样品中如含有0.050%~5%的铋、锰、镍、铁、铝时可加入5 mL 200 g/L磺基水杨酸以消除铋、锰、镍、铁、铝对铅、锡的干扰;控制溶液酸度pH值为5.0~6.0,标准物质中铅、锡的测定值与认定值一致。锌、铅、锡这3种元素的加标回收率均在97%~103%之间,完全满足锡青铜样品中0.50%~20%锌、铅、锡的测定。
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2022年第48卷第3期
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  • 接收时间:2022-03-17
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2022-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-17
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 浙江科技学院,浙江 杭州 310013
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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