Article(id=1202984232588112461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)03-0043-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1647532800000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764743391414, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1656086400000, pubDateStr=2022-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764743391414, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764743391414, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764743391414, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202984226762219866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764743390026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764744768237, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=47, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202984232940434021, articleId=1202984232588112461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Research on Microstructure and Properties of Steel Plate with Low Welding Crack Sensibility, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The 800 MPa grade hydropower engineering steel with low welding crack sensibility is developed through smelting test steel with 100 kg vacuum induction furnace as well as thermal mechanical control processing (TMCP), quenching and tempering processes adopting the alloy system route of low carbon, carbon equivalent (Ceq) and welding crack sensibility index (Pcm) in laboratory. Such mechanical properties as the strength, impact and bending of test steel are tested as well as its microstructure and fracture morphology are analyzed with the optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that its microstructure at room temperature was tempered sorbite, all its mechanical properties were excellent, its yield strength, tensile strength and elongation after fracture were 788 MPa, 842 MPa and 18.1%, low temperature impact absorbing energy at -40 ℃ was 197 J, strength and toughness well matched as well as welding crack sensitivity index was low, which could meet the performance requirements in use.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hui-hui Wei, Hai-rui Bai, Xiong Yang, Xiao-yu Lu, Yuan-yuan Yang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1202984234098062005, articleId=1202984232588112461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=CN, title=低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板组织和性能研究, columnId=1185887584472417142, journalTitle=包钢科技, columnName=品种质量与试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=采用低碳、低碳当量(Ceq)、低焊接裂纹敏感性指数(Pcm)的合金体系路线,利用100 kg真空感应炉进行试验钢冶炼,在TMCP及调质的工艺下在实验室研制800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢。对试验钢的强度、冲击及弯曲等力学性能进行了检测,并利用光学显微镜(OM)和场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对试验钢的显微组织及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明,试验钢室温显微组织为回火索氏体,各项力学性能优良,试验钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率分别为788 MPa、842 MPa、18.1%,-40 ℃低温冲击吸收功为197 J,强韧性匹配好,焊接裂纹敏感指数低,满足使用性能要求。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=P4SXmJ75CktHUOIUYLd/WQ==, magXml=tP8pClIm+5D7y612Iqvn5w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VhyQkCdV1RPNQpOgVVd/8g==, pdfFileSize=1237832, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6mhmvrasES9v7DExp2CdZA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zARXr8xg4da8pas6B+JM8w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

魏慧慧(1988-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

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魏慧慧(1988-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

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魏慧慧(1988-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

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figureFileSmall=zxtszGcK2lPFJdc5Jicjyg==, figureFileBig=/rv+3BaF3AAR0pYWd0PL2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1202984237017297776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=CN, label=图4, caption=试验钢典型调质组织, figureFileSmall=zxtszGcK2lPFJdc5Jicjyg==, figureFileBig=/rv+3BaF3AAR0pYWd0PL2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1202984237088600946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Nb+V+Ti
≤0.09 0.15~0.50 ≤1.50 ≤0.015 ≤0.005 ≥1.5 ≤0.6 ≤0.6 适量
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试验钢化学成分(质量分数)%

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C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Nb+V+Ti
≤0.09 0.15~0.50 ≤1.50 ≤0.015 ≤0.005 ≥1.5 ≤0.6 ≤0.6 适量
), ArticleFig(id=1202984237285733243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调质工艺 屈服强度
Rel/MPa
抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
断后延
伸率A/%
-40 冲击吸收功KV2/J 180°
弯曲试验
900 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火 784 793 17.0 198 192 195 合格
920 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火 788 842 18.1 198 200 193 合格
940 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火 839 868 17.2 204 187 193 合格
920 ℃保温20 min淬火、620 ℃保温30 min回火 763 811 16.7 169 172 158 合格
920 ℃保温20 min淬火、600 ℃保温30 min回火 827 875 16.5 57 147 194 合格
技术要求 ≥690 780~930 ≥15 ≥47 无裂纹
), ArticleFig(id=1202984237378007934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验钢力学性能

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调质工艺 屈服强度
Rel/MPa
抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
断后延
伸率A/%
-40 冲击吸收功KV2/J 180°
弯曲试验
900 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火 784 793 17.0 198 192 195 合格
920 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火 788 842 18.1 198 200 193 合格
940 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火 839 868 17.2 204 187 193 合格
920 ℃保温20 min淬火、620 ℃保温30 min回火 763 811 16.7 169 172 158 合格
920 ℃保温20 min淬火、600 ℃保温30 min回火 827 875 16.5 57 147 194 合格
技术要求 ≥690 780~930 ≥15 ≥47 无裂纹
), ArticleFig(id=1202984237478671234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调制工艺 -20 ℃ -40 ℃ -50 ℃ -60 ℃ -80 ℃
204 198 228 150 114
920 ℃保温20 min淬火,640 ℃保温30 min回火 220 200 181 173 162
204 193 221 75 165
), ArticleFig(id=1202984237570945924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验钢系列温度冲击吸收功J

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调制工艺 -20 ℃ -40 ℃ -50 ℃ -60 ℃ -80 ℃
204 198 228 150 114
920 ℃保温20 min淬火,640 ℃保温30 min回火 220 200 181 173 162
204 193 221 75 165
), ArticleFig(id=1202984237667414920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调制工艺 残余应
变量/%
保温制度 试验温度
/℃
冲击吸收功KV2/J 冲击吸收功
平均值KV2/J
920 ℃保温20 min淬火, 5 250 ℃、1 h -20 191 201 198 197
640 ℃保温30 min回火 -40 188 188 198 191
技术要求 -20 ≥47
), ArticleFig(id=1202984237742912395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984232588112461, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验钢应变时效冲击吸收能

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调制工艺 残余应
变量/%
保温制度 试验温度
/℃
冲击吸收功KV2/J 冲击吸收功
平均值KV2/J
920 ℃保温20 min淬火, 5 250 ℃、1 h -20 191 201 198 197
640 ℃保温30 min回火 -40 188 188 198 191
技术要求 -20 ≥47
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低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板组织和性能研究
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魏慧慧 , 白海瑞 , 杨雄 , 卢晓禹 , 杨源远
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(3): 43-47
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(3): 43-47
低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板组织和性能研究
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魏慧慧, 白海瑞, 杨雄, 卢晓禹, 杨源远
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 魏慧慧(1988-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,硕士,工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

Research on Microstructure and Properties of Steel Plate with Low Welding Crack Sensibility
Hui-hui Wei, Hai-rui Bai, Xiong Yang, Xiao-yu Lu, Yuan-yuan Yang
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-06-25
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采用低碳、低碳当量(Ceq)、低焊接裂纹敏感性指数(Pcm)的合金体系路线,利用100 kg真空感应炉进行试验钢冶炼,在TMCP及调质的工艺下在实验室研制800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢。对试验钢的强度、冲击及弯曲等力学性能进行了检测,并利用光学显微镜(OM)和场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对试验钢的显微组织及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明,试验钢室温显微组织为回火索氏体,各项力学性能优良,试验钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率分别为788 MPa、842 MPa、18.1%,-40 ℃低温冲击吸收功为197 J,强韧性匹配好,焊接裂纹敏感指数低,满足使用性能要求。
800 MPa级水电钢  /  低焊接裂纹敏感性  /  组织性能

The 800 MPa grade hydropower engineering steel with low welding crack sensibility is developed through smelting test steel with 100 kg vacuum induction furnace as well as thermal mechanical control processing (TMCP), quenching and tempering processes adopting the alloy system route of low carbon, carbon equivalent (Ceq) and welding crack sensibility index (Pcm) in laboratory. Such mechanical properties as the strength, impact and bending of test steel are tested as well as its microstructure and fracture morphology are analyzed with the optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that its microstructure at room temperature was tempered sorbite, all its mechanical properties were excellent, its yield strength, tensile strength and elongation after fracture were 788 MPa, 842 MPa and 18.1%, low temperature impact absorbing energy at -40 ℃ was 197 J, strength and toughness well matched as well as welding crack sensitivity index was low, which could meet the performance requirements in use.

800 MPa grade hydropower steel  /  low welding crack sensibility  /  microstructure and property
魏慧慧, 白海瑞, 杨雄, 卢晓禹, 杨源远. 低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板组织和性能研究. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (3) : 43 -47 .
Hui-hui Wei, Hai-rui Bai, Xiong Yang, Xiao-yu Lu, Yuan-yuan Yang. Research on Microstructure and Properties of Steel Plate with Low Welding Crack Sensibility[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (3) : 43 -47 .
水力发电作为清洁能源,具有无污染、运行费用低等特点。我国水电资源世界第一,河流水电资源储量为6.76亿kW,年发电量5.922亿kWh,可开发水电资源装机容量为3.78亿kW,年发电量9.200亿kWh[1]。数据显示,我国已建成10万多座大中型水电站,建成230多座单站5万kW的大中型水电站[2]。近年来,随着水电工程的装机容量和水头等数值越来越大,对用于制造压力钢管、蜗壳、岔管等部件的钢板性能提出更高的要求,要求其具有极高的强度、优良的低温韧性和应变时效冲击韧性。目前可生产800 MPa级水电用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板的企业有鞍钢、湘钢、宝武、舞钢、首钢、南钢等,属于典型的高附加值产品。本文制定了800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的化学成分及生产工艺,完成了钢板的中试试验,分析了其力学性能及显微组织特征,为包钢800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板工业化生产提供技术支持。
采用低碳、低碳当量(Ceq)、低焊接裂纹敏感性指数(Pcm)的合金体系,碳含量不大于0.09%,Ceq=ω(C)+ω(Si)/24+ω(Mn)/6+ω(Ni)/40+ω(Cr)/5+ω(Mo)(C)+ω(V)/14≤0.52%,Pcm=ω(C)+ω(Si)/30+ω(Mn)/20+ω(Cu)/20+ω(Ni)/60+ω(Cr)/20+ω(Mo)/15+ω(V)/10+5ω(B)≤0.25%。合理的化学成分设计是800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板组织和性能的有力保证。碳在钢中主要起固溶强化作用,同时提高钢的淬透性,但碳含量过高会影响钢的焊接性能;镍的加入可显著改善钢基体的低温冲击韧性[3];铬、钼合金元素的加入使钢的CCT曲线右移,有利于提高钢的强度与淬透性[4];铌、钒、钛的微合金化有利于改善钢的强韧性,铌可以在轧制过程中细化奥氏体晶粒,通过VC的析出强化作用以提高钢的强度,钛可以形成碳氮化钛,阻止焊接时热影响区的晶粒长大,显著改善焊接性能[5]。化学成分设计具体见表1。并利用100 kg真空感应炉进行试验钢冶炼。
试验钢采用热机械轧制(TMCP),经11道次从200 mm轧制到20 mm。轧制过程的核心是细化奥氏体晶粒,这个过程通过形变奥氏体晶粒的再结晶来实现。控制奥氏体再结晶后晶粒尺寸的关键是形变温度和相对压下量。轧制及冷却工艺为加热温度1 220 ℃,保温1.0 h,热轧开轧温度大于1 150 ℃,再结晶区轧制温度大于1 050 ℃,未再结晶区轧制温度小于950 ℃,钢板终轧后经层流冷却设备冷却,终冷温度控制在(650±20)℃。
热处理是保证钢板最终力学性能和钢板力学性能均匀性的关键工艺步骤。试验钢板采用调质工艺(淬火+高温回火)进行热处理。淬火温度为900~950 ℃,保温时间20 min,回火温度为600~650 ℃,保温时间30 min。20 mm厚度钢板在淬火过程中可获得全截面均匀的马氏体组织,淬火后钢板在随后的高温回火过程中转变为回火索氏体。在回火的过程中不仅可以消除组织应力,同时固溶的碳、氮原子以析出物的形式被固定,降低应变时效敏感性。
将调质后钢板加工成标准的拉伸试样、冲击试样及冷弯试样,使用CMT5105微机控制万能试验机进行室温拉伸试验,拉伸速度3 mm/min;使用Instron 9250HV落锤式示波冲击试验机进行-40 ℃低温冲击试验;使用LWC-2000型压力试验机进行180°冷弯试验,b=2a,D=3a(a为试样厚度,b为试样宽度,D为弯曲压头直径);同时在钢板上切取金相试样,经4%的硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀后,在LEICAQ550IW型光学显微镜和FEI QUANTA 600扫描电子显微镜下观察试样的金相组织。
20 mm试验钢经不同调质工艺(不同淬火温度和回火温度正交)处理后,力学性能检测值见表2。可见在900~940 ℃保温20 min淬火、600~640 ℃保温30 min回火的调质工艺下,试验钢各项力学性能均能满足技术要求。在相同回火工艺下(640 ℃保温30 min),随着淬火温度的升高(900 ℃升至940 ℃),试验钢抗拉强度明显增加(793 MPa增加至868 MPa),900 ℃淬火时抗拉强度较技术要求下限富余量较小,仅为13 MPa,而940 ℃淬火时抗拉强度较技术要求下限富余量又太大,达88 MPa,920 ℃淬火时抗拉强度较技术要求下限富余量适中,且断后延伸率及-40 ℃低温冲击性能更优,故淬火温度优选920 ℃;在相同淬火工艺下(920 ℃保温30 min),随着回火温度的升高(600 ℃升至640 ℃),试验钢-40 ℃低温冲击性能不断改善,600 ℃回火时-40 ℃低温冲击性能较低且出现单值波动,620 ℃回火时-40 ℃低温冲击性能整体提高且稳定性趋好,640 ℃回火时-40 ℃低温冲击性能最优,且断后延伸率明显提高,故回火温度优选640 ℃。在优选920 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火的调质工艺下,试验钢屈服强度为788 MPa,抗拉强度为842 MPa,断后延伸率为18.1%,-40 ℃低温冲击吸收功平均值为197 J,180°冷弯合格。不同调质工艺下典型冷弯照片如图1所示,-40 ℃低温冲击断口形貌如图2所示,可见冲击断口形貌呈韧窝状,韧窝尺寸大小、深浅不一但相对均匀,属于典型的韧性断裂特征。
为表征试验钢板的低温冲击韧性及韧脆转变温度,进行-80~-20 ℃系列温度冲击试验,具体低温冲击试验温度及冲击吸收功见表3。可见试验钢板在-80 ℃低温冲击吸收功仍高于100 J,表明试验钢低温冲击性能优良,韧脆转变温度较低。
为表征试验钢板的应变时效敏感性,经调质处理后的钢板进行拉伸,设定一定的残余应变量,拉伸后的钢板经人工时效,保温温度为(250±10) ℃,保温时间为1 h。随后对钢板进行-20 ℃和-40 ℃冲击试验检测,具体检测值见表4。可见试验钢应变时效冲击吸收功满足技术要求,且富余量较大,表明试验钢具有良好的应变时效性能。
20 mm试验钢淬火后全断面生成板条马氏体,板条束较窄,呈小角度晶界分布,金相照片及扫描电镜照片如图3所示。可见化学成分设计可保证材料具有优异的淬透性,为后续回火做组织准备;试验钢淬火后经高温回火,马氏体发生分解,碳化物析出,最终形成回火索氏体组织,高温回火后金相照片及扫描电镜照片如图4所示。可见回火索氏体组织细小,均匀分布,致使试验钢具有高强度、高韧性及良好的低温冲击性能。
(1)采用低碳、低碳当量、低焊接裂纹敏感性指数的合金体系设计路线,通过合理的热机械轧制及调质处理,试验钢各项性能均能满足800 MPa级水电用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板的技术要求。
(2)试验钢不同调质工艺下各项力学性能均能满足技术要求,淬火后获得全截面板条马氏体,回火后显微组织为回火索氏体,考虑综合性能最优,调质工艺优选920 ℃保温20 min淬火、640 ℃保温30 min回火。
(3)试验钢-20 ℃应变时效冲击吸收功平均值为197 J,满足技术要求,富余量较大;-80 ℃低温冲击吸收功大于100 J,韧脆转变温度低。
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  • 接收时间:2022-03-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2022-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-18
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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