Article(id=1202984230490956229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)03-0031-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1647532800000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764743390915, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1656086400000, pubDateStr=2022-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764743390915, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764743390915, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764743390915, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202984226762219866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764743390026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764744768237, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=31, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202984230738420182, articleId=1202984230490956229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Production Practices of Rare Earth Beam Steel BT700L, columnId=1187340472918880861, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practice and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The large-grained ribbed Al2O3 inclusion is the main cause of cracking through analyzing the cracking in process of stamping beam steel BT700L. In order to improve the size and morphology of inclusion in product, the rare earth Ce is added in production of beam steel BT700L. Since the affinity of rare earth Ce and oxygen is very strong, the rare earth Ce in molten steel reacts with oxygen and generates rare earth oxide (RE2O3) coming up to slag so that the yield of rare earth Ce in steel is extremely low. It could be improved effectively through optimizing and controlling the content of Ce in molten steel of steelmaking and continuous casting, oxidability of slag as well as such process as protective casting of continuous caster. Moreover, the atomic radius of rare earth Ce is greater than that of iron atom and rare earth Ce could denature inclusions in steel. It is found that the size of inclusion in product becomes small, morphology of inclusion spheroidizes and low temperature impacting property of product is effectively improved after add rare earth Ce into molten steel through studying and analyzing adding rare earth Ce into beam steel BT700L.

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通过对汽车大梁钢BT700L冲压过程中的开裂情况分析,发现大颗粒棱状的Al2O3夹杂物是导致开裂的主要原因。为了改善产品的夹杂物尺寸和形貌,在汽车大梁钢BT700L生产中添加稀土Ce元素,由于稀土Ce元素与氧的亲和力很强,钢水中的稀土Ce元素与氧反应生成稀土氧化物(RE2O3)上浮到炉渣中,导致稀土Ce元素在钢中的收得率极低。通过对炼钢连铸钢水Ce含量、炉渣的氧化性及铸机保护浇注等的工艺优化控制,有效提高产品中稀土Ce元素的收得率。稀土Ce元素的原子半径比铁原子大,稀土Ce元素能够变性钢中的夹杂物,通过在汽车大梁钢BT700L中添加稀土Ce元素研究分析,钢水中添加稀土Ce元素后,产品的夹杂物尺寸变小,夹杂物形貌球状化,同时有效的改善了产品低温冲击性能。

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张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢产品研发工作。

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张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢产品研发工作。

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张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢产品研发工作。

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articleId=1202984230490956229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UtghTgcGMRHqfVTtBTDhFw==, figureFileBig=maDhEtRtlV6BN28fv07xcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1202984234626540189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984230490956229, language=CN, label=图4, caption=BT700L系列冲击试验, figureFileSmall=UtghTgcGMRHqfVTtBTDhFw==, figureFileBig=maDhEtRtlV6BN28fv07xcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1202984234723009184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984230490956229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Alt Nb Ti Ce
0.06~0.10 ≤0.15 1.20~1.70 ≤0.020 ≤0.005 0.010~0.050 0.010~0.080 0.010~0.040 0.001~0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1202984234790118050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984230490956229, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

BT700L化学成分(质量分数)%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Alt Nb Ti Ce
0.06~0.10 ≤0.15 1.20~1.70 ≤0.020 ≤0.005 0.010~0.050 0.010~0.080 0.010~0.040 0.001~0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1202984234894975652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984230490956229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
熔炼号 稀土加入量/kg 渣中ω(FeO)/% 钢中ω[Ce]/% 收得率/% 渣中ω(CeO2)/%
21306382 30 0.38 0.002 0 78 0.022
21205707 20 0.39 0.001 7 61 0.026
21205708 20 0.48 0.001 6 60 0.032
21302364 20 0.99 0.001 1 45 0.048
21105989 20 1.20 0.000 5 25 0.052
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稀土大梁钢BT700L冶炼工艺参数

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熔炼号 稀土加入量/kg 渣中ω(FeO)/% 钢中ω[Ce]/% 收得率/% 渣中ω(CeO2)/%
21306382 30 0.38 0.002 0 78 0.022
21205707 20 0.39 0.001 7 61 0.026
21205708 20 0.48 0.001 6 60 0.032
21302364 20 0.99 0.001 1 45 0.048
21105989 20 1.20 0.000 5 25 0.052
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编号 硫化物(A) 硫化物(Ae) 氧化物(B) 氧化物(Be) 硅酸盐(C) 硅酸盐(Ce) 球状氧化物(D) 备注
1# 0 0 1.0 0 0 0 1.0 未加稀土
2# 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1.0 未加稀土
3# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
4# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
5# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
6# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
7# 0 0 0.5 0 0.5 0 1.0 加稀土
8# 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
), ArticleFig(id=1202984235180188335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984230490956229, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

BT700L夹杂物情况级

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编号 硫化物(A) 硫化物(Ae) 氧化物(B) 氧化物(Be) 硅酸盐(C) 硅酸盐(Ce) 球状氧化物(D) 备注
1# 0 0 1.0 0 0 0 1.0 未加稀土
2# 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1.0 未加稀土
3# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
4# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
5# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
6# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
7# 0 0 0.5 0 0.5 0 1.0 加稀土
8# 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1.0 加稀土
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稀土大梁钢BT700L生产实践
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张嘉华 1, 2 , 魏晓东 1, 2 , 王金超 1, 2
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2022,48(3): 31-34
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2022, 48(3): 31-34
稀土大梁钢BT700L生产实践
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张嘉华1, 2, 魏晓东1, 2, 王金超1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古自治区稀土钢产品研发企业重点实验室,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张嘉华(1979-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢产品研发工作。

Production Practices of Rare Earth Beam Steel BT700L
Jia-hua Zhang1, 2, Xiao-dong Wei1, 2, Jin-chao Wang1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research & Development, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-06-25
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通过对汽车大梁钢BT700L冲压过程中的开裂情况分析,发现大颗粒棱状的Al2O3夹杂物是导致开裂的主要原因。为了改善产品的夹杂物尺寸和形貌,在汽车大梁钢BT700L生产中添加稀土Ce元素,由于稀土Ce元素与氧的亲和力很强,钢水中的稀土Ce元素与氧反应生成稀土氧化物(RE2O3)上浮到炉渣中,导致稀土Ce元素在钢中的收得率极低。通过对炼钢连铸钢水Ce含量、炉渣的氧化性及铸机保护浇注等的工艺优化控制,有效提高产品中稀土Ce元素的收得率。稀土Ce元素的原子半径比铁原子大,稀土Ce元素能够变性钢中的夹杂物,通过在汽车大梁钢BT700L中添加稀土Ce元素研究分析,钢水中添加稀土Ce元素后,产品的夹杂物尺寸变小,夹杂物形貌球状化,同时有效的改善了产品低温冲击性能。

汽车大梁钢  /  稀土Ce元素  /  夹杂物  /  产品性能

The large-grained ribbed Al2O3 inclusion is the main cause of cracking through analyzing the cracking in process of stamping beam steel BT700L. In order to improve the size and morphology of inclusion in product, the rare earth Ce is added in production of beam steel BT700L. Since the affinity of rare earth Ce and oxygen is very strong, the rare earth Ce in molten steel reacts with oxygen and generates rare earth oxide (RE2O3) coming up to slag so that the yield of rare earth Ce in steel is extremely low. It could be improved effectively through optimizing and controlling the content of Ce in molten steel of steelmaking and continuous casting, oxidability of slag as well as such process as protective casting of continuous caster. Moreover, the atomic radius of rare earth Ce is greater than that of iron atom and rare earth Ce could denature inclusions in steel. It is found that the size of inclusion in product becomes small, morphology of inclusion spheroidizes and low temperature impacting property of product is effectively improved after add rare earth Ce into molten steel through studying and analyzing adding rare earth Ce into beam steel BT700L.

automotive beam steel  /  rare earth Ce  /  inclusions  /  product properties
张嘉华, 魏晓东, 王金超. 稀土大梁钢BT700L生产实践. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (3) : 31 -34 .
Jia-hua Zhang, Xiao-dong Wei, Jin-chao Wang. Production Practices of Rare Earth Beam Steel BT700L[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (3) : 31 -34 .
汽车大梁钢BT700L主要用于重卡汽车底盘上的纵梁、衬梁及横梁等结构件,随着汽车工业的发展和对安全需求的提高,汽车用高强度产品的比例逐渐增加,汽车大梁钢对产品质量要求非常严格。汽车大梁钢BT700L产品在加工冲压过程中开裂,经过对开裂部分的检验发现有大颗粒的Al2O3夹杂物,为了改善大梁钢BT700L产品中夹杂物的尺寸和形貌,在汽车大梁钢BT700L中加入稀土Ce元素,对产品的夹杂物进行分析。汽车大梁钢BT700L产品中添加稀土Ce元素后促进了带状或长条状的夹杂物向球状稀土复合夹杂物转变,减缓了稀土夹杂物引起的应力集中,提高产品各项性能指标[1]
随着冶金技术水平的提高,稀土元素为产品夹杂物的控制提供了条件,产品添加稀土元素后夹杂物的形态和尺寸得到了有效的控制。研究稀土控制夹杂物的作用,适应钢铁工业的发展趋势,促进稀土在金属材料中的应用有着重要的意义[2]。稀土元素在钢中主要具有净化钢液、夹杂变性及微合金化作用。稀土汽车大梁钢BT700L中稀土Ce含量控制在0.001%~0.003%之间,稀土大梁钢BT700L成分范围见表1
由于汽车大梁钢BT700L各类夹杂物要求控制严格,在大梁钢BT700L添加稀土元素,根据Janke等研究结果[3],ω[RE]·ω[O]=9.4×10-18,在1 600 ℃时的相互作用系数 e O C e=-670, e O L a=-552,表明稀土元素Ce和La是比铝还强的脱氧剂。根据形成CeS和Ce2O2S的热力学条件计算得到ω[Ce]·ω[S]=1.2×10-4,ω[Ce]2·ω[O]2·ω[S]=4×10-16,CeS、Ce3S4和Ce2S3的形成自由能分别为-364 650 J/mol,-420 240 J/mol和-442 680 J/mol,可见稀土元素是很强的脱硫剂。为了提高稀土元素在钢水的收得率,保证稀土加入前钢水较低的氧含量和硫含量,通过对稀土加入时机和炼钢连铸工艺优化,冶炼过程中控制钢水中的氧和硫含量在较低的范围,铸机浇注过程中进行保护浇注,防止钢水二次氧化,提高钢水的洁净度。
汽车大梁钢中添加适量的稀土Ce元素,可以使产品中的非金属夹杂物的性质和形状发生很大的变化,不仅能与钢中的硫、氧结合形成稀土氧化物和稀土氧硫化物,还能改变已形成的硫化物、氧硫化物夹杂的形态,使它们变成圆形、球形或不规则形状。根据相关文献当钢中的ω[S][O]小于10时形成稀土氧化物,当钢中的ω[S][O]在10~100时,形成稀土氧硫化物,当钢中ω[S][O]大于100时形成稀土硫化物[4-5]。通过对大梁钢BT700L添加稀土元素炼钢工艺优化,添加稀土合金前降低了钢水中的氧含量,减少钢中稀土氧化物和氧化铝数量,提高钢水洁净度。对稀土大梁钢BT700L夹杂物进行分析,稀土大梁钢BT700L硫含量控制在0.003 0%,氧含量控制在0.000 8%,产品中的ω[S][O]为3.75,小于10,所以稀土大梁钢BT700L中夹杂物为稀土氧化物。扫描电镜检测发现产品中稀土氧化物呈球状,且尺寸减小,稀土氧化物中Ce和O元素占比较高,形成的夹杂物为Al2O3-RE2O3的复合夹杂物。大梁钢BT700L添加稀土Ce元素夹杂物情况见图1
稀土大梁钢BT700L添加稀土前炉渣FeO含量越高,钢水中Ce元素与炉渣中的O越容易结合,形成稀土氧化物,稀土氧化物上浮到炉渣中,导致钢中的Ce含量较低。为了研究炉渣对稀土的影响,在炼钢工序加入稀土前取炉渣渣样,用荧光光谱仪分析了炉渣中CeO2的含量,发现炉渣中的FeO含量在0.5%以上,稀土的收得率较低,炉渣中CeO2含量为0.048%以上,相反炉渣中的FeO含量在0.5%以内,稀土的收得率较高,炉渣中CeO2含量为0.032%以内,稀土Ce元素进入炉渣中较少,表明降低炉渣氧化性,可提高稀土Ce元素的收得率。为了控制炉渣低的氧化性,稀土大梁钢BT700L在转炉出钢过程加入白灰、改质剂以及铝粒,降低炉渣的氧化性。LF炉处理过程中加入电石、改质剂和脱氧剂等快速造白渣,添加稀土铈铁合金前炉渣FeO含量降低到0.5%以内,有利于钢中的Al2O3夹杂物上浮到炉渣中,降低钢水中的氧含量,添加稀土铈铁合金后炉渣中CeO2含量降低,有效提高了稀土Ce元素的收得率。稀土大梁钢BT700L冶炼工艺参数如表2所示。
铸机保护浇注是生产优质铸坯的重要环节,铸机浇注过程钢水接触空气,造成钢水的二次氧化,钢水中夹杂物增加,产品夹杂物超控制计划要求[6]。通过全过程保护浇注,同时针对稀土钢浇注过程絮钢的特点,制定了稀土钢铸机浇注过程使用空心塞棒的保护浇注措施,防止加入稀土后二次氧化形成稀土氧化物,导致铸机水口絮钢。为了防止钢水二次氧化,铸机浇注过程中保证密封垫圈完好、无裂纹、无损坏。每炉浇注完毕后,观察大包套管本体耐材使用情况,尤其是渣线位置和套管颈部的使用情况,如有异常及时进行处理。同时采用保护浇注氩气控制技术,通过调节铸机塞棒流量,提高了连铸保护浇注的效果。为了验证稀土钢保护浇注的效果,调节铸机塞棒流量在1~9 L/min范围内,取样分析氧铸坯氮含量,发现当调节铸机塞棒流量在2~6 L/min范围内,铸机增氮在0.000 5%以内,产品的全氧水平控制0.001 0%以内,避免了稀土钢在浇注过程的二次氧化,提高了稀土Ce元素的收得率。
稀土元素在钢水脱氧和脱硫完毕后加入,加入前钢中的氧含量较低,稀土加入后由于稀土元素较活泼,与钢水中的氧化物反应,生成稀土氧化物、稀土硫化物和稀土氧硫化物等。由于稀土元素具有高的表面活性,各个小夹杂物相互吸引、靠拢、合并长大[7]。为了检查稀土大梁钢BT700L的夹杂物情况,在大梁钢BT700L热轧卷板宽度1/4处纵向截面上取样检测分析,检测非金属夹杂物情况见表3。未加稀土1#和2#试样B类非金属夹杂物等级分别为1.0和0.5级,添加稀土的7#和8#试样B类非金属夹杂物等级都为0.5级,其他添加稀土3#—6#试样B类非金属夹杂物级均为0级,达到产品夹杂物设计要求。
对稀土大梁钢BT700L铸坯试样进行扫描电镜检测,未发现大颗粒夹杂物,夹杂物主要为RE2O2S、RE2O2S-CaC2的复合夹杂物(见图3)。加入微量稀土元素后使条状或棱角状夹杂物变形为球状夹杂物,夹杂物尺寸的减小,降低了产品中夹杂物的危害性,并且细小球状夹杂不会割裂带钢组织连续性,有利于产品的成形性能。
委托技术中心对BT700L热轧钢卷进行性能检测,添加稀土和不添加稀土大梁钢BT700L系列冲击值对比见图4。添加稀土和不添加稀土大梁钢BT700L脆性转变温度均为-40 ℃,但当温度大于-40 ℃时,加稀土的BT700L冲击值明显高于未加稀土,说明添加稀土Ce元素对产品的低温冲击韧性提高效果明显。
(1)大梁钢BT700L钢水脱氧脱硫后加入稀土,通过采取降低钢水中的氧含量、降低炉渣的氧化性及加强铸机的保护浇注等措施,钢水中夹杂物的形貌球状化,夹杂物尺寸减小,降低产品中夹杂物的危害性。
(2)添加稀土的大梁钢经过夹杂物检测,非金属夹杂物都在1.0级以内,夹杂物控制满足工艺要求,夹杂物主要为Ce2O2S、RE2O2S-CaC2等稀土复合夹杂物。
(3)BT700L加入微量稀土Ce元素后低温冲击值明显高于未加稀土,添加稀土Ce元素产品的低温冲击韧性明显提高。
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  • 接收时间:2022-03-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2022-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-18
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    1 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古自治区稀土钢产品研发企业重点实验室,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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