Article(id=1202984230008611244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)03-0052-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1649174400000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764743390800, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1656086400000, pubDateStr=2022-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764743390800, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764743390800, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764743390800, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202984226762219866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764743390026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764744768237, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=52, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202984230318989754, articleId=1202984230008611244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Performance Study on Non-chrome Passivation of Galvanized Home Appliance Plate, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The requirements of non-chrome passivation film for galvanized home appliance plate are mainly focused on such aspects as corrosion resistance, stamping and powder injection performance. In this paper, it is mainly introduced the influences of film weight on the corrosion resistance of non-chrome passivation steel plate, influences of powder injection process parameters on adhesion of powder as well as dynamic friction coefficients of non-chrome passivation products with different compositions and their main applications. In order to achieve good effects, strict control is required in the process of industrial production and end use.

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镀锌家电板对无铬钝化膜的要求主要集中在耐腐蚀、冲压和喷粉性能等几个主要方面。文章主要介绍了膜重对无铬钝化板耐腐蚀性能的影响、喷粉工艺参数对粉末附着性的影响、不同成分无铬钝化产品的动摩擦系数及其主要用途。为了达到良好的使用效果,在工业生产及终端使用过程中都需要进行严格的控制。

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王 华(1974-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事镀锌生产、产品研发和销售工作。

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王 华(1974-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事镀锌生产、产品研发和销售工作。

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王 华(1974-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事镀锌生产、产品研发和销售工作。

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膜重
/(g·m-2)
48 h盐雾腐蚀
面积占比/%
72 h盐雾腐蚀
面积占比/%
0.5 1~2 40~80
0.6 0~1 10~30
0.7 0~1 3~5
0.8 0 0~2
0.9 0 1
), ArticleFig(id=1202984233540215418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984230008611244, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

膜重与盐雾试验腐蚀面积的关系

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膜重
/(g·m-2)
48 h盐雾腐蚀
面积占比/%
72 h盐雾腐蚀
面积占比/%
0.5 1~2 40~80
0.6 0~1 10~30
0.7 0~1 3~5
0.8 0 0~2
0.9 0 1
), ArticleFig(id=1202984233624101500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984230008611244, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品种类 厂家 动摩擦系数
产品D 0.16~0.20
无铬钝化 产品H 0.18~0.22
产品P 0.14~0.18
产品D 0.10~0.14
无铬耐指纹 产品K 0.09~0.13
产品P 0.10~0.14
产品D <0.10
无铬自润滑 产品K <0.10
产品P <0.10
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不同钝化产品的摩擦系数对比

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产品种类 厂家 动摩擦系数
产品D 0.16~0.20
无铬钝化 产品H 0.18~0.22
产品P 0.14~0.18
产品D 0.10~0.14
无铬耐指纹 产品K 0.09~0.13
产品P 0.10~0.14
产品D <0.10
无铬自润滑 产品K <0.10
产品P <0.10
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不同喷粉工艺的涂装性能结果

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镀锌家电板无铬钝化性能研究
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王华 1 , 李建国 2
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(3): 52-54
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(3): 52-54
镀锌家电板无铬钝化性能研究
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王华1, 李建国2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司销售分公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 王 华(1974-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事镀锌生产、产品研发和销售工作。

Performance Study on Non-chrome Passivation of Galvanized Home Appliance Plate
Hua Wang1, Jian-guo Li2
Affiliations
  • 1 Sales Branch Co. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-06-25
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镀锌家电板对无铬钝化膜的要求主要集中在耐腐蚀、冲压和喷粉性能等几个主要方面。文章主要介绍了膜重对无铬钝化板耐腐蚀性能的影响、喷粉工艺参数对粉末附着性的影响、不同成分无铬钝化产品的动摩擦系数及其主要用途。为了达到良好的使用效果,在工业生产及终端使用过程中都需要进行严格的控制。

无铬钝化  /  耐腐蚀性  /  冲压  /  喷粉工艺

The requirements of non-chrome passivation film for galvanized home appliance plate are mainly focused on such aspects as corrosion resistance, stamping and powder injection performance. In this paper, it is mainly introduced the influences of film weight on the corrosion resistance of non-chrome passivation steel plate, influences of powder injection process parameters on adhesion of powder as well as dynamic friction coefficients of non-chrome passivation products with different compositions and their main applications. In order to achieve good effects, strict control is required in the process of industrial production and end use.

non-chrome passivation  /  corrosion resistance  /  stamping  /  powder injection process
王华, 李建国. 镀锌家电板无铬钝化性能研究. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (3) : 52 -54 .
Hua Wang, Jian-guo Li. Performance Study on Non-chrome Passivation of Galvanized Home Appliance Plate[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (3) : 52 -54 .
热镀锌钢板以其良好的防腐蚀性能,在家用电器、电子产品领域广泛使用。为了进一步提高热镀锌钢板的耐蚀、耐指纹等综合性能,一般在镀锌板光整后进行后处理,即用辊涂机在带钢表面涂覆钝化液或耐指纹液后加热烘干再冷却至室温。早期使用最广泛的是铬酸盐钝化处理,钝化膜中Cr主要以Cr+6和Cr+3形式存在,而Cr+6是致癌物质,对人体及环境都有严重危害,各国已经开始立法限制铬酸盐的使用和排放。由于家电产品大部分出口至其他国家,为了适应新的环保要求,符合欧洲颁布的WEEE及RoHS的规定,国内大型钢铁企业逐步增加了无铬钝化产品的生产。
无铬钝化剂主要是由水性树脂、有机硅溶胶和金属缓蚀剂组成的复合制剂,未添加任何有毒重金属和有毒化学品,稳定性好,干燥速度较快,适用于热镀锌表面的钝化处理。在生产使用过程中,无铬钝化剂通过辊涂工艺涂覆在镀锌板表面,在烘干时会在镀锌板表面生成有机膜与无机膜复合的钝化膜[1]。无机膜主要是由不同的金属缓蚀剂与锌层发生化学反应,在钢板表面生成一层致密的难溶性金属盐,在钢板表面形成一层无机转化膜;有机膜主要由水性树脂膜和有机硅烷溶胶膜组成,水性树脂膜通过物理作用,主要是靠范德华力结合在锌层表面,该有机树脂膜与金属基材未发生化学反应,与金属基材之间的结合力相对较弱;无机膜和有机膜通过有机硅烷偶联,有机硅烷水解生成Si-OH,然后Si-OH与金属表面的羟基或氧化物发生缩合反应,在金属表面以硅氧键形成互穿网络状Si-O-Si和Me-O-Si的致密保护膜(见图1),从而使钝化膜具有良好的附着性能、耐蚀性能和耐黄变性能[2]
耐腐蚀性能除了与钝化膜自身的成分和配方有直接影响外,与钝化膜重也有重要关系,下面针对钝化膜重对耐腐蚀性能的影响做了相关实验,即收集不同膜厚的无铬钝化板进行盐雾测试,以检查其耐腐蚀性能。
盐雾测试是一种人造气氛的加速抗腐蚀评估方法,是将一定浓度的盐水雾化,然后喷在一个密闭的恒温箱内,放置一段时间后通过观察表面腐蚀的面积占比来反映被测样品的抗腐蚀性能。它是一种加速测试方法,目前镀锌钝化板耐蚀性能检测主要采用中性盐雾试验。试验结果见表1
从上述试验数据看出:膜重大于0.5 g/m2可以满足盐雾48 h要求,膜重大于0.7 g/m2可以满足盐雾72 h要求。膜重越大,耐腐蚀性能越好。在实际生产中,膜重受机组速度、带钢板形、涂机压力等多种因素影响,在一定范围的波动,在保证耐腐蚀性能的前提下,为了节约生产成本,建议在工业生产中将膜重范围控制在(0.9±0.2) g/m2
目前一些家电的复杂零件对镀锌板冲压性能要求较高,但是冲压性能效果的好坏不仅与材料本身有很大关系,还受冲压工艺的影响。通过分析,导致镀锌无铬钝化板冲压开裂的原因主要有以下几个方面:
(1)基材。对于成形工序,为了有利于冲压变形和制件质量的提高,基材应具有良好的冲压成形性能。即要求基材应具有良好的塑性,屈强比小,弹性模量高,板厚方向性系数大。
(2)表面润滑性。材料在冲压过程中良好的润滑是必不可少的,否则材料表面会存在擦划伤,严重情况可能会导致开裂。要求较高时,家电厂家会在加工前重新涂覆压延油。另外,表面钝化膜的动摩擦系数对冲压成形也有一定的影响。
(3)模具。一定的模具间隙适用于一定厚度的材料,模具间隙太小或者材料厚度公差太大,也可能导致冲压开裂。
上述影响因素中提到材料表面润滑性能不够会对冲压性能产生影响,钝化膜可以起到一定的润滑作用,从而提高冲压性能,所以一般冲压要求越高的产品对表面润滑性能要求就越高。目前无铬钝化剂中起到润滑作用的是添加剂中的蜡乳,表面润滑性能要求越高,蜡乳的添加量就越高,但是蜡乳添加量太高会影响表面张力和涂装性能。
对目前无铬钝化产品的动摩擦系数进行检测,具体结果如表2所示。通过测试结果可以看出,无铬钝化剂基本可以满足市场大部分产品的使用需求。而对加工性能和导电性能要求更高的电脑机箱、显示器背板应选用无铬耐指纹产品,需要表面摩擦系数更低的微波炉和电饭煲的零件则可以选择无铬自润滑产品。
大部分家电产品的基板都需要表面喷涂,涂装性能是无铬钝化产品的另一主要性能。为了获得良好的涂装性能,除了控制膜重外,钝化膜的耐碱性和喷粉工艺也比较重要。本文主要测试喷粉工艺对涂装性能的影响,为验证粉末厚度、烘烤固化时间、粉末存放时间对无铬钝化膜结合力的影响。
试验材料及设备:无铬钝化镀锌板、某公司粉末(JW-A2899)(旧粉、新粉)、粉层厚度测量仪、热风烘箱。
试验条件:烘烤温度80 ℃;烘烤时间10 min、15 min。
5 J冲击测试和百格测试是检测喷粉涂装性能的主要试验方法。5 J冲击测试是用来测试在标准条件下,色漆、清漆或相关产品的干膜经受重锤冲击而发生变形时,其抵抗开裂或从底材剥离的性能。百格测试是在测试样本喷粉结束后,用百格刀在测试样本外表划出10×10个(100个)1 mm×1 mm小网格,再用3M 600号胶纸或等同效力的胶带粘贴于百格中,快速拉起3M胶带,计算其面漆被胶带粘起的面积占百格面积的百分比,标准要求附着力不小于4B,即在划线的交叉点处有小片的油漆脱落面积小于总面积的5%。
对于不同工艺参数得到的喷粉样板,进行5 J冲击及百格试验测试,统计试验结果如图2表3所示。
通过上述试验,得出以下结果:涂装性能与粉末涂覆厚度、粉末烘烤固化时间、粉末存放时间有关,相同粉末和烘烤时间,粉层厚度小于50 μm的结合力优于粉层厚度不低于50 μm的结合力;相同粉末和粉层厚度,烘烤时间15 min的粉层结合力优于烘烤时间10 min的结合力;相同粉层厚度和烘烤时间,新粉粉层结合力优于旧粉。
(1)家电板对盐雾性能的要求一般为72 h腐蚀面积不大于5%,同时考虑工业生产波动带来的影响,无铬钝化膜重控制在(0.9±0.2) g/m2,即可节约成本又可保证盐雾性能。
(2)对于变形复杂的零件,在保证基板性能的前提下,为了得到更优的冲压性能,在选择表面处理方式时,可以考虑添加蜡乳更多的耐指纹钝化产品。
(3)在保证粉末质量的情况下,控制粉层厚度小于50 μm和烘烤时间不小于15 min,可以提高无铬钝化板的涂装性能。
参考文献 引证文献
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[1]
杨芃, 潘燕芳. 家用电器热镀锌钢板的无铬耐指纹钝化[J]. 材料保护, 2011, 44(3):40-42.
[2]
吴海江, 陈锦虹, 卢锦堂. 镀锌层无铬钝化耐腐蚀机理的研究进展[J]. 材料保护, 2004, 37(3):43-46.
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  • 接收时间:2022-04-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-03
  • 出版时间:2022-06-25
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司销售分公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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