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Article(id=1202984227236176218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)03-0001-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1643299200000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764743390139, onlineDateStr=2025-12-03, pubDate=1656086400000, pubDateStr=2022-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764743390139, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764743390139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764743390139, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202984226762219866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1656086400000', pubDateStr='2022-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764743390026, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1764744768237, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202990007461049257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202984226762219866, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=3, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202984227504611676, articleId=1202984227236176218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Demulsification of Emulsion, columnId=1187100783049851249, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Expert Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The waste emulsion is the oily wastewater in high concentration discharged in steel rolling process and the key of treatment is demulsification. In this paper, the suitable demulsification methods are selected through experimental study as well as the experimental conditions of electrooxidation demulsification and chemical flocculation demulsification are selected. The results showed that the most suitable demulsification method was electrooxidation, its optimum current range was 2.0~3.8 A and optimum voltage range was 140~200 V; the optimum coagulant for chemical flocculation demulsification was polyaluminum chloride. When the quantity added to is 1.5 g/L and pH value is adjusted to 7~9, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste emulsion reduces to less than 8 000 mg/L, oil content reduces to less than 1 000 mg/L and suspended solids reduces to less than 1 500 mg/L.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ying Tian, Jun-zhen Fan, Xiao-feng Nie, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1202984227928236385, articleId=1202984227236176218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=CN, title=乳化液破乳试验研究, columnId=1185887584006844505, journalTitle=包钢科技, columnName=专家论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=废乳化液是轧钢过程中排放的高浓度含油废水,处理的关键是破乳。文章通过试验研究选择合适的破乳方法,对电氧化破乳和化学混凝破乳的试验条件进行选择。结果表明,最适宜的破乳方法是电氧化,电氧化破乳最佳电流范围为2.0~3.8 A,最佳电压范围为140~200 V;化学混凝破乳最佳混凝剂为聚合氯化铝,当加入量为1.5 g/L、pH值调整至7~9时,废乳化液中COD降低至8 000 mg/L以下,油含量降低至1 000 mg/L以下,悬浮物降低至1 500 mg/L以下。, authors=

田 颖(1971-),男, 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,正高级工程师,现从事环境保护研究工作。

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田 颖(1971-),男, 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,正高级工程师,现从事环境保护研究工作。

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田 颖(1971-),男, 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,正高级工程师,现从事环境保护研究工作。

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figureFileBig=B7omwDWMsgs41amrhtgm8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1202984230071525806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202984227236176218, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 检测项目 检测分析方法 测试方法依据
1 悬浮物 水质悬浮物的测定 重量法 GB 11901—89
2 COD 水质化学需氧量的测定 重铬酸钾法 HJ 828—2017
3 油 水质石油类和动植物油类的测定方法 红外光度法 HJ 637—2018
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污染物测量方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 检测项目 检测分析方法 测试方法依据
1 悬浮物 水质悬浮物的测定 重量法 GB 11901—89
2 COD 水质化学需氧量的测定 重铬酸钾法 HJ 828—2017
3 油 水质石油类和动植物油类的测定方法 红外光度法 HJ 637—2018
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破乳方法 COD 油 悬浮物
酸化破乳(硫酸) 42 558.00 1 857.15 7 545.6
盐析破乳(CaCl2和明矾) 25 178.72 1 196.83 5 030.4
电氧化破乳 26 868.84 1 239.69 5 130.8
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不同破乳方法污染物去除效果mg/L

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
破乳方法 COD 油 悬浮物
酸化破乳(硫酸) 42 558.00 1 857.15 7 545.6
盐析破乳(CaCl2和明矾) 25 178.72 1 196.83 5 030.4
电氧化破乳 26 868.84 1 239.69 5 130.8
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序号 电压/V 电流/A COD去除率/% 油去除率/%
1 100 1.2 35.4 28.6
2 120 1.6 45.8 39.8
3 140 2.0 58.5 49.2
4 160 2.5 62.9 54.3
5 180 3.1 65.2 56.3
6 200 4.8 66.9 59.7
7 220 4.5 68.6 61.3
8 240 5.0 70.4 64.4
9 260 6.0 71.2 66.3
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电氧化参数与污染物去除率的关系

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序号 电压/V 电流/A COD去除率/% 油去除率/%
1 100 1.2 35.4 28.6
2 120 1.6 45.8 39.8
3 140 2.0 58.5 49.2
4 160 2.5 62.9 54.3
5 180 3.1 65.2 56.3
6 200 4.8 66.9 59.7
7 220 4.5 68.6 61.3
8 240 5.0 70.4 64.4
9 260 6.0 71.2 66.3
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加入量
/(g·L-1)		 加入PAC后 加入PFS后
COD/(mg·L-1) 油/(mg·L-1) 悬浮物/(mg·L-1) COD/(mg·L-1) 油/(mg·L-1) 悬浮物/(mg·L-1)
0.5 9 682 935.11 1 656.90 9 852 965.69 1 882.63
1.0 8 555 877.43 1 305.00 8 758 875.69 1 482.63
1.5 7 458 847.93 1 155.00 7 968 844.44 1 255.69
2.0 7 582 836.93 1 111.65 7 386 815.96 1 086.55
2.5 7 796 872.45 1 220.56 7 465 826.33 1 128.95
3.0 8 084 902.77 1 392.64 7 621 877.58 1 216.64
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不同混凝剂加入量与污染物去除效果的关系

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加入量
/(g·L-1)		 加入PAC后 加入PFS后
COD/(mg·L-1) 油/(mg·L-1) 悬浮物/(mg·L-1) COD/(mg·L-1) 油/(mg·L-1) 悬浮物/(mg·L-1)
0.5 9 682 935.11 1 656.90 9 852 965.69 1 882.63
1.0 8 555 877.43 1 305.00 8 758 875.69 1 482.63
1.5 7 458 847.93 1 155.00 7 968 844.44 1 255.69
2.0 7 582 836.93 1 111.65 7 386 815.96 1 086.55
2.5 7 796 872.45 1 220.56 7 465 826.33 1 128.95
3.0 8 084 902.77 1 392.64 7 621 877.58 1 216.64
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乳化液破乳试验研究
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田颖 1 , 樊俊珍 2 , 聂晓峰 1
包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2022,48(3): 1-3
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包钢科技 |专家论坛 2022 , 48 (3) : 1 -3
乳化液破乳试验研究
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田 颖(1971-),男, 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,正高级工程师,现从事环境保护研究工作。

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田颖1, 樊俊珍2, 聂晓峰1
作者信息
  • 1 包钢集团节能环保科技产业有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
Experimental Study on Demulsification of Emulsion
Ying Tian1, Jun-zhen Fan2, Xiao-feng Nie1
Affiliations
  • 1 Baotou Steel Group Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Technology Industry Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Tube Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-06-25
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废乳化液是轧钢过程中排放的高浓度含油废水,处理的关键是破乳。文章通过试验研究选择合适的破乳方法,对电氧化破乳和化学混凝破乳的试验条件进行选择。结果表明,最适宜的破乳方法是电氧化,电氧化破乳最佳电流范围为2.0~3.8 A,最佳电压范围为140~200 V;化学混凝破乳最佳混凝剂为聚合氯化铝,当加入量为1.5 g/L、pH值调整至7~9时,废乳化液中COD降低至8 000 mg/L以下,油含量降低至1 000 mg/L以下,悬浮物降低至1 500 mg/L以下。
乳化液  /  破乳  /  电氧化  /  化学混凝

The waste emulsion is the oily wastewater in high concentration discharged in steel rolling process and the key of treatment is demulsification. In this paper, the suitable demulsification methods are selected through experimental study as well as the experimental conditions of electrooxidation demulsification and chemical flocculation demulsification are selected. The results showed that the most suitable demulsification method was electrooxidation, its optimum current range was 2.0~3.8 A and optimum voltage range was 140~200 V; the optimum coagulant for chemical flocculation demulsification was polyaluminum chloride. When the quantity added to is 1.5 g/L and pH value is adjusted to 7~9, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste emulsion reduces to less than 8 000 mg/L, oil content reduces to less than 1 000 mg/L and suspended solids reduces to less than 1 500 mg/L.

emulsion  /  demulsification  /  electrooxidation  /  chemical flocculation
田颖, 樊俊珍, 聂晓峰. 乳化液破乳试验研究. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (3) : 1 -3 .
Ying Tian, Jun-zhen Fan, Xiao-feng Nie. Experimental Study on Demulsification of Emulsion[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (3) : 1 -3 .
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乳化液和打压液属于水包油乳化液,在冶金行业中被广泛应用,其作用主要有冷却、润滑、防腐以及传递压力等。该类乳化液的主要特点是有机物浓度高、油含量高、化学耗氧量(COD)大、生化降解性差,是一种高稳定性的多相分散体系[1],属于一般处理方法难以处理的废水。
目前,关于乳化液的处理主要有重力法、粗化法、过滤法、化学混凝法、气浮法、膜分离法、吸附法、电解法、电磁分离法、生物膜法等。破乳除油、水中溶解性有机物的削减是处理乳化液废水的2个关键[2]。化学混凝破乳能够针对特定乳化液,选择与之相适配的破乳剂达到较好的破乳效果;电氧化对难生化降解废水的有机物进行分解,从而达到削减废水COD、提高可生化降解性的目的。本文对酸化破乳、盐析破乳以及电氧化破乳效果进行对比,选择合适的破乳方法,然后对电氧化结合化学破乳处理乳化液废水进行了研究,考察相关因素对处理效果的影响,并深入研究了电氧化和化学混凝相结合破乳的工艺参数,能够为乳化液废水处理规模化运行提供理论依据。
1 试验水样及检测方法
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1.1 试验水样
试验采用的水样来自钢管公司管加工分厂产生的乳化液废水,COD为70 000~90 000 mg/L,pH为7~8,颜色为暗灰色,上有浮油。
1.2 检测方法
乳化液主要污染物有有机污染物、油和悬浮物,其检测方法如表1所示。
2 试验内容及结果讨论
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2.1 破乳方法选择
2.1.1 试验方法
取1 000 mL乳化液废水三份,在1#试样加入98%H2SO4的硫酸10 mL,2#试样加入氯化钙1.8 g/L和明矾4 g/L。快速搅拌1 min,转速为120 r/min,慢速搅拌10 min,转速为40 r/min;混凝搅拌反应停止后静置沉淀10 min,取上清液测定COD、油和悬浮物的浓度。3#试样采用电氧化破乳,加入电氧化小型试验装置,通电10 min,取上清液测定COD、油和悬浮物的浓度。
2.1.2 试验结果及分析
采用酸化破乳、盐析破乳以及电氧化破乳三种方法进行破乳,乳化液不同破乳方法处理后污染物的去除效果见表2。
由表2可以看出,酸化破乳效果较差,盐析破乳和电氧化破乳后COD、油和悬浮物含量相差不大。而相对于盐析破乳,电氧化破乳不用加药剂,操作简单,成本低,故选用电氧化破乳更合适。
2.2 电氧化破乳工艺参数的选择
2.2.1 电氧化破乳试验方法
取1 000 mL乳化液废水,加入到电氧化小型试验装置中,施加不同的电压和电流持续10 min,取上清液测定COD、油浓度。
2.2.2 电氧化破乳试验结果
调整电氧化装置的工艺参数,考察电压和电流对破乳效果的影响,不同试验条件破乳效果如表3所示。
由表3的结果可见,随着电压和电流的增加,COD和油的去除率也逐渐增加,在电流大于2.0 A,电压大于140 V之后,污染物的去除率增幅变小。电流越大,电场作用越强,污染物的去除效率就越大,但并不成正比关系。根据试验结果,最佳电流范围为2.0~3.8 A,最佳电压范围为140~200 V,COD和油的去除率基本达到50%以上。
2.3 化学混凝试验条件的选择
2.3.1 化学混凝试验方法
取电氧化破乳后的的清液500 mL(COD为25 178.72 mg/L,油含量为1 396.83 mg/L,悬浮物为5 030.4 mg/L),加入絮凝剂聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合氯化铝(PAC),快速搅拌1 min,搅拌转速120 r/min,慢速搅拌10 min,搅拌转速40 r/min,混凝搅拌反应停止后静置沉淀10 min,取上清液测定COD、油和悬浮物的浓度。
2.3.2 混凝剂的选择
在破乳后清液中,分别加入不同剂量的混凝剂聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合氯化铝(PAC),加入量见表4,调节pH值至7~8,加入聚丙衡酰酸(PAM)。对比PFS与PAC的混凝后污染物的去除效果,见表4。
由表4可见,当PAC的投加量达到1.5 g/L,废水的COD达到最低,进一步增加PAC的投加量,废水的COD值趋于稳定并有所上升。PFS投加为2 g/L时COD去除效果达到最好,继续增加PFS的投加量,因为产生了无机高分子胶体保护现象,废水COD、油和悬浮物浓度有所增加,对于该类废水同等剂量的PAC对COD、油和悬浮物去除效果略优于PFS。
2.3.3 pH值对PFS与PAC混凝沉淀效果的影响
pH值对PAC和PFS混凝沉淀效果的影响见图1。
由图1可见,PFS最佳的混凝pH值范围为7~8,PAC在pH值7~9之间破乳效果最好,废水COD最小值对应的pH为7。
pH值低时,PFS主要以低分子量的、小比表面积的单核络合离子形式存在,虽然油滴间静电斥力很小,但由于不存在大分子PFS的吸附架桥、卷扫作用,油滴分散体系脱稳受到限制,COD去除效果较低;pH值高时,易生成凝胶沉淀物,油滴间静电斥力较大,虽然存在网捕卷扫作用,但油滴间静电斥力对油滴分散体系的脱稳有着更大的影响,油滴不容易聚集。
由上述试验可见,PAC的混凝沉淀效果略优于PFS,适宜pH值范围要宽一些,故乳化液经破乳后选择的混凝剂为聚合氯化铝,最佳加入量为1.5 g/L,最适宜的pH值为7~9。
3 结论
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(1)盐析破乳和电氧化破乳效果相当,由于电氧化破乳不用加药剂,操作简单,成本低,故最适宜的破乳方法是电氧化破乳。
(2)电氧化法破乳最适宜的电流值为2.0~3.8 A,最适宜的电压值为140~200 V,COD和油的去除率基本达到50%以上。
(3)电氧化法破乳后优先选择PAC为混凝剂进行混凝沉淀,聚合氯化铝最佳加入量为1.5 g/L,适宜pH值为7~9。废乳化液经电氧化法破乳、混凝沉淀后COD小于8 000 mg/L,油小于1 000 mg/L,悬浮物小于1 500 mg/L。

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[1]
李新东, 黄万抚. 废乳化液处理技术研究进展[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2009, 27(12):38-40.
[2]
刘宏. 化学破乳特性与高分子聚合物破乳[J]. 工业水处理, 2000, 20(9):22-24.
2022年第48卷第3期
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  • 接收时间：2022-01-28
  • 首发时间：2025-12-03
  • 出版时间：2022-06-25
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    1 包钢集团节能环保科技产业有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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