Article(id=1202256141704196354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)05-0018-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740758400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764569801020, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764569801020, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764569801020, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764569801020, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202256135920246978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764569799642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764570051432, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=18, endPage=23, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202256142039740696, articleId=1202256141704196354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Research on Optimizing Ore Proportioning for Preparing Pellet Based on Iron Ore Concentrate of Bayan Obo, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, the study on effect laws of ore proportioning structure on quality of pellet is carried out aiming at such problems as low strength and high reduction swelling rate of manufactured pellet caused by high contents of such harmful elements as K, Na, F and S in iron ore concentrate of Bayan Obo. The study results showed that the pellet could be promoted to be fully oxidized, compressive strength of pellet could be improved and reduction swelling of pellet could be restrained by adding high silicon hematite and high magnesium magnetite with low contents of sulfur and alkali metal. The compressive strength of pellet could be significantly increased to 2 380 N and reduction swelling rate could be reduced to 13.2% with the scheme of optimizing ore proportioning that 52% iron ore concentrate of Bayan Obo+32% high silicon and low sulfur magnetite concentrate+8% high silicon hematite concentrate+8% high silicon high magnesium magnetite concentrate, which could provide the theoretical support and technical path for preparing high quality pellet with iron ore concentrate of Bayan Obo.

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针对白云鄂博铁精矿K、Na、F、S等有害元素含量高,导致生产的球团矿强度低、还原膨胀率高等问题,开展了配矿结构对球团矿质量影响规律的研究。研究结果表明,配加低硫低碱金属含量的高硅赤铁矿、高镁磁铁矿能够促进球团矿充分氧化,提高球团矿抗压强度,抑制球团矿还原膨胀。采用52%白云鄂博铁精矿+32%高硅低硫磁铁精矿+8%高硅赤铁精矿+8%高硅高镁磁铁精矿的优化配矿方案可显著提高球团矿抗压强度至2 380 N,还原膨胀率降至13.2%,为使用白云鄂博铁精矿制备高质量球团矿提供了理论支撑与技术路径。

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何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

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何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

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何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202256141704196354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=傅菊英, 朱德庆, journalName=铁矿氧化球团基本原理、工艺及设备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=傅菊英, 朱德庆. 铁矿氧化球团基本原理、工艺及设备[M]. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1202266698935136407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202256141704196354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=1, pageStart=13, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=柴轶凡, 樊英杰, 高兴, journalName=钢铁, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柴轶凡, 樊英杰, 高兴, 等. 碱度对白云鄂博矿球团还原膨胀性能的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2023, 58(1):13-21., articleTitle=碱度对白云鄂博矿球团还原膨胀性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1202266699039994012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, 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矿种 TFe FeO CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 ZnO K2O Na2O F S P Ig
精矿1# 66.60 26.85 1.32 2.44 0.488 0.127 0.025 0.063 0.201 0.567 0.68 0.061 0.97
精矿2# 66.60 29.61 1.41 1.63 0.889 0.138 0.032 0.105 0.084 0.323 0.930 0.054 1.52
精矿3# 64.80 28.10 2.12 1.42 1.560 0.105 0.028 0.103 0.046 0.132 1.035 0.056 1.10
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白云鄂博铁精矿化学成分及烧损(质量分数) %

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矿种 TFe FeO CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 ZnO K2O Na2O F S P Ig
精矿1# 66.60 26.85 1.32 2.44 0.488 0.127 0.025 0.063 0.201 0.567 0.68 0.061 0.97
精矿2# 66.60 29.61 1.41 1.63 0.889 0.138 0.032 0.105 0.084 0.323 0.930 0.054 1.52
精矿3# 64.80 28.10 2.12 1.42 1.560 0.105 0.028 0.103 0.046 0.132 1.035 0.056 1.10
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矿种 TFe FeO CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 K2O Na2O F S Ig -0.074 mm占比
精矿QN 66.95 28.70 0.658 4.04 0.506 0.759 0.071 0.047 0.006 0.355 -1.26 78
精矿NF 61.54 27.16 1.150 2.17 1.570 0.496 0.070 0.014 0.068 -1.32 80
精矿ZL 64.80 27.30 0.181 8.21 0.264 0.427 0.054 0.071 0.02 0.076 -1.78 80
精矿BX 60.74 <0.5 <0.10 10.28 0.043 0.984 0.01 0.02 <0.05 0.005 1 1.82 80
精矿GM 52.50 20.66 1.110 10.46 11.34 1.09 0.069 0.017 0.545 0.147 -0.98 80
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试验铁精矿化学成分及-0.074 mm占比(质量分数) %

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矿种 TFe FeO CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 K2O Na2O F S Ig -0.074 mm占比
精矿QN 66.95 28.70 0.658 4.04 0.506 0.759 0.071 0.047 0.006 0.355 -1.26 78
精矿NF 61.54 27.16 1.150 2.17 1.570 0.496 0.070 0.014 0.068 -1.32 80
精矿ZL 64.80 27.30 0.181 8.21 0.264 0.427 0.054 0.071 0.02 0.076 -1.78 80
精矿BX 60.74 <0.5 <0.10 10.28 0.043 0.984 0.01 0.02 <0.05 0.005 1 1.82 80
精矿GM 52.50 20.66 1.110 10.46 11.34 1.09 0.069 0.017 0.545 0.147 -0.98 80
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方案 精矿1# 精矿2# 区内精矿
QN
低硅低硫磁
铁精矿NF
高硅低硫磁
铁精矿ZL
高硅低硫赤
铁精矿BX
高硅高镁磁
铁精矿MG
膨润土
(外配)
基准 32 20 48 2.5
1# 32 20 43 5 2.5
2# 32 20 38 10 2.5
3# 32 20 43 5 2.5
4# 32 20 38 10 2.5
5# 32 20 43 5 2.5
6# 32 20 38 10 2.5
7# 32 20 43 5 2.5
8# 32 20 38 10 2.5
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配矿试验各方案配料比(质量分数) %

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方案 精矿1# 精矿2# 区内精矿
QN
低硅低硫磁
铁精矿NF
高硅低硫磁
铁精矿ZL
高硅低硫赤
铁精矿BX
高硅高镁磁
铁精矿MG
膨润土
(外配)
基准 32 20 48 2.5
1# 32 20 43 5 2.5
2# 32 20 38 10 2.5
3# 32 20 43 5 2.5
4# 32 20 38 10 2.5
5# 32 20 43 5 2.5
6# 32 20 38 10 2.5
7# 32 20 43 5 2.5
8# 32 20 38 10 2.5
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试验方案 替代区内铁精矿 落下强度/次 生球抗压强度/N 爆裂温度/℃
基准 5.35 9.8 >550
1# 5%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 5.20 12.8 >550
2# 10%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 5.25 11.4 >550
3# 5%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 5.25 10.1 >550
4# 10%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 5.20 11.8 >550
5# 5%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 5.40 13.6 >550
6# 10%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 5.45 13.1 >550
7# 5%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 7.70 10.7 >550
8# 10%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 8.10 11.6 >550
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各试验方案生球性能

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试验方案 替代区内铁精矿 落下强度/次 生球抗压强度/N 爆裂温度/℃
基准 5.35 9.8 >550
1# 5%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 5.20 12.8 >550
2# 10%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 5.25 11.4 >550
3# 5%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 5.25 10.1 >550
4# 10%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 5.20 11.8 >550
5# 5%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 5.40 13.6 >550
6# 10%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 5.45 13.1 >550
7# 5%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 7.70 10.7 >550
8# 10%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 8.10 11.6 >550
), ArticleFig(id=1202266698217910391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202256141704196354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案 替代区内精矿 不同焙烧温度下抗压强度/N 还原膨胀率/%
1 200 ℃ 1 220 ℃ 1 260 ℃
基准 2 250 2 190 1 640 17.6
1# 5%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 2 254 2 206 1 780 15.1
2# 10%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 2 264 2 236 1 980 16.7
3# 5%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 2 340 2 317 2 287 15.5
4# 10%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 2 388 2 366 2 310 13.1
5# 5%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 2 502 2 588 2 498 14.4
6# 10%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 2 657 2 660 2 688 13.5
7# 5%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 2 246 2 345 2 315 13.8
8# 10%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 2 210 2 336 2 423 12.0
), ArticleFig(id=1202266698314379390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202256141704196354, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各试验方案成品球性能

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试验方案 替代区内精矿 不同焙烧温度下抗压强度/N 还原膨胀率/%
1 200 ℃ 1 220 ℃ 1 260 ℃
基准 2 250 2 190 1 640 17.6
1# 5%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 2 254 2 206 1 780 15.1
2# 10%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF 2 264 2 236 1 980 16.7
3# 5%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 2 340 2 317 2 287 15.5
4# 10%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL 2 388 2 366 2 310 13.1
5# 5%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 2 502 2 588 2 498 14.4
6# 10%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX 2 657 2 660 2 688 13.5
7# 5%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 2 246 2 345 2 315 13.8
8# 10%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM 2 210 2 336 2 423 12.0
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试验阶段 化学成分(质量分数)/% 碱度 球团矿性能
TFe FeO SiO2 转鼓强度/% 抗压强度/N 还原膨胀率/%
基准 63.88 1.61 4.49 0.29 95.45 2 211 17.5
配加10%精矿BX 63.63 1.07 4.59 0.28 96.44 2 383 16.5
配加5%精矿GM 63.73 1.03 5.10 0.18 95.46 2 307 15.7
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工业试验成品球性能

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试验阶段 化学成分(质量分数)/% 碱度 球团矿性能
TFe FeO SiO2 转鼓强度/% 抗压强度/N 还原膨胀率/%
基准 63.88 1.61 4.49 0.29 95.45 2 211 17.5
配加10%精矿BX 63.63 1.07 4.59 0.28 96.44 2 383 16.5
配加5%精矿GM 63.73 1.03 5.10 0.18 95.46 2 307 15.7
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基于白云鄂博铁精矿制备球团矿的优化配矿研究
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何晓义 1 , 郑占斌 1 , 付国伟 2 , 刘曙光 3 , 付利俊 1 , 田守阳 3
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(5): 18-23
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(5): 18-23
基于白云鄂博铁精矿制备球团矿的优化配矿研究
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何晓义1, 郑占斌1, 付国伟2, 刘曙光3, 付利俊1, 田守阳3
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 何晓义(1973-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事配煤配矿研究工作。

Research on Optimizing Ore Proportioning for Preparing Pellet Based on Iron Ore Concentrate of Bayan Obo
Xiaoyi He1, Zhanbin Zheng1, Guowei Fu2, Shuguang Liu3, Lijun Fu1, Shouyang Tian3
Affiliations
  • 1 Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Rare Earth Steel Iron-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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针对白云鄂博铁精矿K、Na、F、S等有害元素含量高,导致生产的球团矿强度低、还原膨胀率高等问题,开展了配矿结构对球团矿质量影响规律的研究。研究结果表明,配加低硫低碱金属含量的高硅赤铁矿、高镁磁铁矿能够促进球团矿充分氧化,提高球团矿抗压强度,抑制球团矿还原膨胀。采用52%白云鄂博铁精矿+32%高硅低硫磁铁精矿+8%高硅赤铁精矿+8%高硅高镁磁铁精矿的优化配矿方案可显著提高球团矿抗压强度至2 380 N,还原膨胀率降至13.2%,为使用白云鄂博铁精矿制备高质量球团矿提供了理论支撑与技术路径。

白云鄂博铁精矿  /  球团矿  /  优化配矿  /  成球性能  /  还原膨胀

In the paper, the study on effect laws of ore proportioning structure on quality of pellet is carried out aiming at such problems as low strength and high reduction swelling rate of manufactured pellet caused by high contents of such harmful elements as K, Na, F and S in iron ore concentrate of Bayan Obo. The study results showed that the pellet could be promoted to be fully oxidized, compressive strength of pellet could be improved and reduction swelling of pellet could be restrained by adding high silicon hematite and high magnesium magnetite with low contents of sulfur and alkali metal. The compressive strength of pellet could be significantly increased to 2 380 N and reduction swelling rate could be reduced to 13.2% with the scheme of optimizing ore proportioning that 52% iron ore concentrate of Bayan Obo+32% high silicon and low sulfur magnetite concentrate+8% high silicon hematite concentrate+8% high silicon high magnesium magnetite concentrate, which could provide the theoretical support and technical path for preparing high quality pellet with iron ore concentrate of Bayan Obo.

iron ore concentrate of Bayan Obo  /  pellet  /  optimize ore proportioning  /  capacity of pelletization  /  reduction swelling
何晓义, 郑占斌, 付国伟, 刘曙光, 付利俊, 田守阳. 基于白云鄂博铁精矿制备球团矿的优化配矿研究. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (5) : 18 -23 .
Xiaoyi He, Zhanbin Zheng, Guowei Fu, Shuguang Liu, Lijun Fu, Shouyang Tian. Research on Optimizing Ore Proportioning for Preparing Pellet Based on Iron Ore Concentrate of Bayan Obo[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (5) : 18 -23 .
白云鄂博矿在全球矿产资源中占据重要地位,其特殊性主要体现在多金属共生,稀土资源丰富,成矿机理复杂,有害元素含量高。目前采用细磨、磁选、浮选多种选矿工艺联合将铁、稀土、萤石等有价元素分离富集,制备铁精矿、稀土精矿、萤石精矿。白云鄂博铁精矿具有铁品位高、SiO2含量低、粒度细、含K、Na、F、S等有害元素、比表面积小等特点。上述特点导致其在制备球团矿时存在诸多问题,如成球性能差,膨润土单耗高,球团矿抗压强度低,还原膨胀率高[1],质量指标与行业先进水平存在较大差距。因此对白云鄂博铁精矿制备球团矿优化配矿进行深入研究,对于提高球团矿质量、降低生产成本、实现资源的高效利用具有重要意义。本文通过系统的试验研究,探索白云鄂博铁精矿优化配矿的最佳方案,以实现提高球团矿质量的目标。
白云鄂博铁精矿主要矿物为磁铁矿、赤铁矿,同时含有一定量的稀土矿物(氟碳铈矿、独居石)、萤石等矿物。使用白云鄂博铁精矿制备球团矿有以下特点:
(1)白云鄂博铁精矿碱金属和F含量较高,这些杂质在球团生产过程中的高温预热焙烧阶段易形成低熔点化合物,球团矿易形成致密的外壳,从而影响氧向球团矿内部扩散,内部磁铁矿得不到充分氧化,产生“黑心球”,球团矿FeO含量偏高,抗压强度较低。
(2)白云鄂博铁精矿铁品位高,达到64.8%~67.0%,S含量较高。一方面S氧化生成SO2,增加了球团矿孔隙,另一方面S和O的亲和力大于和Fe的亲和力,有阻碍磁铁矿氧化的作用。
(3)白云鄂博铁精矿CaO、MgO含量高,SiO2含量较低,导致制备的球团矿碱度高。随着球团矿碱度的提高,Ca2+在FeO晶格中固溶体增加,还原过程中Fe2+的扩散通道增加,加之碱金属的还原催化作用,导致大量铁晶须形成,提高了球团矿的还原膨胀率[2]
(4)白云鄂博铁精矿粒度较细,-0.074 mm粒级占比在90%左右,比表面积仅为950 cm2/g,成球性差,为提高生球质量,需提高膨润土的配比,导致膨润土单耗高。
目前供球团使用的白云鄂博铁精矿有3种,分别是白云鄂博矿选区通过矿浆管道输送到厂区的铁精矿、包钢厂区选区生产的铁精矿、巴润选区生产的铁精矿。在此编号为精矿1#、精矿2#、精矿3#表1为白云鄂博铁精矿的化学成分。
以52%白云鄂博铁精矿+48%区内铁精矿生产球团矿,球团矿抗压强度可达到2 200 N,还原膨胀率低于18%,这一质量指标远低于行业先进水平。为提高球团矿质量,开展了优化造球参数、热工制度等技术攻关,均未取得明显效果。为此开展了配加与白云鄂博铁精矿具有互补特性的铁精矿配矿研究,解决球团矿氧化不充分与还原膨胀率高的问题。选取4种不同特性铁精矿替代区内铁精矿进行优化配矿试验,探索配加高硅、低硫、赤铁矿、含镁铁精矿对球团矿质量的影响规律。
试验所用原料化学成分及-0.074 mm占比如表2所示。精矿QN为资源量较多的区内铁精矿,精矿NF为低硅低硫磁铁精矿,精矿ZL为高硅低硫磁铁精矿,精矿BX为高硅低硫赤铁精矿,精矿GM为高硅高镁低硫磁铁精矿。
以52%白云鄂博铁精矿+48%精矿QN铁料配置为基准,分别以5%、10%试验铁精矿替代区内铁精矿QN,具体方案见表3
按照试验方案在实验室圆盘造球机制备生球,检测生球落下强度、抗压强度、爆裂温度,如表4所示。
表4可知,在相同膨润土配比条件下,配加5%~10%试验铁精矿替代区内铁精矿,1#—6#试验方案生球落下强度稳定;7#、8#试验方案生球落下强度明显提高。1#—8#试验方案生球抗压强度较基准方案均有所提高;生球爆裂温度均高于550 ℃。各试验方案生球性能均能够满足生球质量要求。试验结果表明在膨润土配比固定的条件下配加试验铁精矿GM能够显著提高生球落下强度。
将精矿GM试样制成粉末油浸薄片及光片进行XRD和显微镜综合鉴定,该精矿主要由磁铁矿和少量脉石矿物构成,磁铁矿晶粒粗大,基本能连成片,构成宏观的块状构造,未发现黄铁矿、赤铁矿等其他铁矿物,脉石矿物中硅、镁主要以斜绿泥石{Mg5Al[(Si,Al)4O10](OH)8}赋存。斜绿泥石在造球过程中具有较好的粘结性,在保证生球落下强度一定的条件下可降低膨润土单耗。
将制备好的生球放入马弗炉中进行焙烧试验。焙烧制度为干燥温度控制在180 ℃,预热温度控制在800 ℃,焙烧时间为10 min,焙烧炉焙烧温度控制在 1 200 ℃、1 220 ℃及1 260 ℃。将焙烧后球团矿冷却至室温,测定球团矿的抗压强度,选取同一方案中抗压强度最高的试样检测还原膨胀率,检测结果如表5所示。
表5试验数据可见,基准方案制备的球团矿,抗压强度低,还原膨胀率较高。随着焙烧温度提高,球团矿抗压强度呈降低趋势。只有在较低的焙烧温度下才能保证球团矿抗压强度达到质量要求。
使用5%~10%低硅低硫磁铁精矿NF替代区内铁精矿,球团矿抗压强度较基准方案略有提高,随着焙烧温度提高球团矿抗压强度变化趋势与基准方案相同;还原膨胀率略有降低。配加低硅低硫磁铁精矿对球团矿质量改善效果不明显。
使用5%~10%高硅低硫磁铁精矿ZL替代区内铁精矿,在焙烧温度为1 200 ℃、1 220 ℃条件下球团矿抗压强度高于2 300 N,还原膨胀率降低至13.1%~15.5%之间。配加高硅低硫磁铁精矿能够改善球团矿质量。
使用5%~10%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX替代区内铁精矿,不同焙烧温度条件下球团矿抗压强度均显著提高,在2 498~2 688 N之间,还原膨胀率降低至13.5%~14.4%之间;配加10%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX,随着焙烧温度的提高,球团矿抗压强度呈升高趋势。
使用5%~10%高硅高镁低硫磁铁精矿GM替代区内铁精矿,球团矿抗压强度在焙烧温度为1 220 ℃、1 260 ℃时较基准方案提高。球团矿还原膨胀率显著降低,在12.0%~13.8%之间。主要原因是配加高硅高镁低硫磁铁精矿提高了球团矿SiO2含量,降低了球团矿碱度,提高了球团矿MgO含量。适量的MgO含量可以促进球团矿中高熔点的镁铁矿和铁酸镁等矿物生成,这些矿物有助于提高球团矿的强度和抑制球团矿的还原膨胀[3]
综上分析,最有利于提高球团矿抗压强度的矿种为高硅赤铁精矿,最有利于改善球团矿还原膨胀率的矿种为高硅高镁磁铁精矿。
对基准及配加5%~10%高硅赤铁精矿试验方案制备的球团矿进行矿物组成分析,其岩相照片如图1图2图3所示。由图1图2图3可见,在1 260 ℃焙烧条件下,基准方案制备的球团矿液相发育,边缘有少量未氧化的磁铁矿,中心有大量未氧化磁铁矿;配加5%高硅赤铁精矿,球团矿边缘氧化充分,中心有少量未氧化的磁铁矿,液相有一定程度发育;配加10%高硅赤铁精矿,球团矿边缘及中心均充分氧化。
根据试验结果,综合考虑资源量及配矿成本,优化配矿方案为白云鄂博铁精矿配比为52%,高硅低硫磁铁精矿配比为32%,高硅赤铁精矿配比为8%,高硅高镁磁铁精矿为8%,外配膨润土2.3%,焙烧温度控制在1 260 ℃。对优化后的试验方案在实验室进行造球和焙烧试验,检测生球落下强度为6次,生球抗压强度为12.0 N,球团矿抗压强度为2 380 N,还原膨胀率为13.2%。
根据实验室研究结果,在某钢铁公司624 m2带式机生产线,以52%白云鄂博铁铁精矿+48%区内精矿为基准,分别进行配加10%磨选巴西混合粉矿(高硅赤铁矿)制备的铁精矿BX替代区内铁精矿和配加5%磨选高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM替代区内铁精矿工业试验。试验结果如表6所示。
配加磨选巴西混合粉矿(高硅赤铁矿)制备的铁精矿进行工业试验,膨润土配比保持不变,焙烧温度控制在1 260 ℃,与基准方案比,成品球团矿FeO含量下降0.54个百分点,还原膨胀率降低1.0个百分点,抗压强度提高172 N,转鼓强度提高0.99个百分点。配加磨选高硅高镁磁铁精矿进行工业试验,膨润土配比降低0.3个百分点,焙烧温度控制在1 260 ℃,与基准方案比,成品球团矿抗压强度提高96 N,转鼓强度提高0.01个百分点,还原膨胀率降低1.8个百分点。工业试验结果与实验室优化配矿研究结果基本一致。因高硅高镁磁铁精矿市场价格低于区内铁精矿,配加高硅高镁磁铁精矿可提高球团矿质量,同时降低配矿成本。
(1)实验室研究结果表明,配加5%~10%高硅低硫赤铁精矿BX,球团矿抗压强度显著提高,达到2 498~2 688 N,促进了球团充分氧化,减少了未氧化磁铁矿导致“黑心球”的形成。配加5%~10%高硅高镁磁铁精矿GM,有效抑制了球团矿的还原膨胀,还原膨胀率降至12.0%~13.8%,MgO提高促进了高熔点矿物镁铁矿、铁酸镁生成,降低了球团矿碱度,阻断了铁晶须生长通道。
(2)综合实验室与工业试验结果,确定了最优生产方案为52%白云鄂博铁精矿+32%高硅低硫磁铁精矿+8%高硅赤铁精矿+8%高硅高镁磁铁精矿,外配膨润土2.3%,焙烧温度为1 260 ℃。
(3)通过系统性优化配矿,突破了使用白云鄂博铁精矿制备球团矿的质量瓶颈,为白云鄂博铁精矿的高效利用提供了可工业化推广的技术路径。今后可进一步探索多矿种协同配矿的精细化调控机制。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
傅菊英, 朱德庆. 铁矿氧化球团基本原理、工艺及设备[M]. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2005.
[2]
柴轶凡, 樊英杰, 高兴, 等. 碱度对白云鄂博矿球团还原膨胀性能的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2023, 58(1):13-21.
[3]
杨佳龙, 张海军, 姜涛, 等. MgO、F、碱金属对球团矿相组成的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2022, 57(4):34-40.
2025年第51卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2025-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司稀土钢炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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