Article(id=1202256139141476532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)05-0039-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754582400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764569800409, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764569800409, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764569800409, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764569800409, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202256135920246978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764569799642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764570051432, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=42, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202256139418300605, articleId=1202256139141476532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Metallurgical Process Routes on Microstructure and Properties of Structural Steel, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The structural steel is widely used in such industries as automobile, construction and photovoltaics due to its good comprehensive properties. In this paper, the effects of different microalloyed compositions and metallurgical process routes on microstructure and properties of 350 MPa grade products are studied and determined based on the differences of CSP (compact strip production) and conventional hot continuous rolling aiming at the request for utilization of photovoltaic products while considering effective productions of production line. The study results indicated that the properties of products manufactured with different process routes could all meet standard requirements. Although the contents of strengthening elements (carbon, manganese and titanium) in products with CSP production line are lower than those in products with conventional hot continuous rolling production line, the yield strengths of products manufactured with the two production lines are approximate, which are 400~460 MPa.

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结构钢因其综合性能好,广泛应用于汽车、建筑、光伏等行业。文章针对光伏类产品的使用要求,同时考虑产线高效组产,根据薄板坯连铸连轧与普通热连轧的差异,研究并确定了不同微合金化成分、冶金工艺路线对350 MPa级产品组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用不同工艺路线生产的产品性能均符合标准要求,尽管在CSP生产的产品的强化元素(碳、锰、钛)含量低于常规热连轧产品,但两条产线生产的产品屈服强度接近,均处于400~460 MPa之间。

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路 璐(1986-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事冷轧板材产品开发工作。

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路 璐(1986-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事冷轧板材产品开发工作。

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路 璐(1986-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事冷轧板材产品开发工作。

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工艺路线 C Si Mn P S Alt Ti
常规热连轧 ≤0.20 ≤0.08 ≥0.58 ≤0.020 ≤0.010 ≥0.020 ≥0.040
CSP ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.45 ≤0.020 ≤0.010 ≥0.020 ≤0.045
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化学成分要求(质量分数) %

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工艺路线 C Si Mn P S Alt Ti
常规热连轧 ≤0.20 ≤0.08 ≥0.58 ≤0.020 ≤0.010 ≥0.020 ≥0.040
CSP ≤0.08 ≤0.08 ≤0.45 ≤0.020 ≤0.010 ≥0.020 ≤0.045
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升温
速度1
/(℃·s-1)
温度1
/℃
升温
速度2
/(℃·s-1)
退火
温度
/℃
保温
时间
/s
缓冷
速度
/(℃·s-1)
缓冷
温度
/℃
快冷
速度
/(℃·s-1)
快冷
温度
/℃
保温
时间
/s
冷却
速度
/(℃·s-1)
冷却
温度
/℃
1.17 166 3.17 620 94.29 2.46 530 5.54 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.31 640 94.29 2.46 550 6.71 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.45 660 94.29 2.46 570 7.88 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.58 680 94.29 2.46 590 9.04 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.72 700 94.29 2.46 610 10.21 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.86 720 94.29 2.46 630 11.38 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.00 740 94.29 2.73 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.14 760 94.29 3.28 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.28 780 94.29 3.82 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.42 800 94.29 4.37 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.56 820 94.29 4.91 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.70 840 94.29 5.46 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
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试验温度与速度

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升温
速度1
/(℃·s-1)
温度1
/℃
升温
速度2
/(℃·s-1)
退火
温度
/℃
保温
时间
/s
缓冷
速度
/(℃·s-1)
缓冷
温度
/℃
快冷
速度
/(℃·s-1)
快冷
温度
/℃
保温
时间
/s
冷却
速度
/(℃·s-1)
冷却
温度
/℃
1.17 166 3.17 620 94.29 2.46 530 5.54 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.31 640 94.29 2.46 550 6.71 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.45 660 94.29 2.46 570 7.88 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.58 680 94.29 2.46 590 9.04 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.72 700 94.29 2.46 610 10.21 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 3.86 720 94.29 2.46 630 11.38 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.00 740 94.29 2.73 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.14 760 94.29 3.28 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.28 780 94.29 3.82 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.42 800 94.29 4.37 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.56 820 94.29 4.91 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
1.17 166 4.70 840 94.29 5.46 640 11.96 435 46.36 15.77 48
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不同冶金工艺路线对结构钢组织及性能的影响
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路璐 , 袁晓鸣 , 刘妍 , 宋文钟
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(5): 39-42
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(5): 39-42
不同冶金工艺路线对结构钢组织及性能的影响
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路璐, 袁晓鸣, 刘妍, 宋文钟
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 路 璐(1986-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事冷轧板材产品开发工作。

Effects of Different Metallurgical Process Routes on Microstructure and Properties of Structural Steel
Lu Lu, Xiaoming Yuan, Yan Liu, Wenzhong Song
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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结构钢因其综合性能好,广泛应用于汽车、建筑、光伏等行业。文章针对光伏类产品的使用要求,同时考虑产线高效组产,根据薄板坯连铸连轧与普通热连轧的差异,研究并确定了不同微合金化成分、冶金工艺路线对350 MPa级产品组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用不同工艺路线生产的产品性能均符合标准要求,尽管在CSP生产的产品的强化元素(碳、锰、钛)含量低于常规热连轧产品,但两条产线生产的产品屈服强度接近,均处于400~460 MPa之间。

综合性能  /  微合金化  /  工艺路线

The structural steel is widely used in such industries as automobile, construction and photovoltaics due to its good comprehensive properties. In this paper, the effects of different microalloyed compositions and metallurgical process routes on microstructure and properties of 350 MPa grade products are studied and determined based on the differences of CSP (compact strip production) and conventional hot continuous rolling aiming at the request for utilization of photovoltaic products while considering effective productions of production line. The study results indicated that the properties of products manufactured with different process routes could all meet standard requirements. Although the contents of strengthening elements (carbon, manganese and titanium) in products with CSP production line are lower than those in products with conventional hot continuous rolling production line, the yield strengths of products manufactured with the two production lines are approximate, which are 400~460 MPa.

comprehensive properties  /  microalloying  /  process route
路璐, 袁晓鸣, 刘妍, 宋文钟. 不同冶金工艺路线对结构钢组织及性能的影响. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (5) : 39 -42 .
Lu Lu, Xiaoming Yuan, Yan Liu, Wenzhong Song. Effects of Different Metallurgical Process Routes on Microstructure and Properties of Structural Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (5) : 39 -42 .
近几年,全球多个国家都在推进绿色低碳行动,我国也提出了“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标,因此低碳新能源是发展方向之一,其中光伏发电,作为一种重要的可再生新能源,优势逐步凸显,已得到市场的广泛认可,发电增量占全球总发电量增量的比例逐步提高。光伏发电支架是太阳能光伏发电系统中为了支撑、固定、转动光伏组件而设计安装的特殊设备,根据建设地点的地形、地貌,将光伏组件以一定的朝向、排列方式及间距予以固定。其作为重要基础结构,每年的需求量也显著增加。支架是光伏产业链中耗钢量最多的部件,也是光伏产业链中与钢厂联系最紧密的环节,主要由立柱、主梁、檩条等部件构成,用料以普材、热镀锌钢板、锌铝镁钢板为主。
光伏产品所服役的环境(沙漠、滩涂及戈壁等)相对恶劣,对其抗风沙、地震等的要求也越来越严苛,因此对具有一定强度的结构钢产品的研究具有重要意义。该产品主要强化元素为锰、铌、钛,与钢中的间隙原子碳、氮形成化合物,通过固溶强化、细晶强化、析出强化的共同作用,提高产品的强度。本文以研究不同冶金工艺路线350 MPa级结构钢的关键工艺参数为目的,试制满足用户需求的产品。
用于光伏产品的结构钢加工主要以简单折弯为主,用户要求产品塑性良好,且强度不宜过高。产品设计前充分调研终端用户的使用要求,为了保证产品强度满足要求的同时,具有较高的延伸率,技术人员考虑了不同合金元素的成本及其对力学性能的影响,计划添加钛元素进行试制,钛与钢中的碳、氮等元素亲和力较强,能够弥散析出稳定的碳化物、氮化物,从而阻碍晶粒的长大,起到细化晶粒的作用,钢带强化的同时提高了产品塑性。钛元素优点是价格低廉,能有效控制成本,缺点是化学性质相对活泼,对产品性能稳定性有一定影响。
轧制变形工艺制度会影响到产品的热变形行为,不同变形工艺制度会得到不同的组织结构[1]。热轧控制轧制提高钢材强韧性的根本途径是晶粒细化,通过精确调控加热制度、变形制度与温度制度,使钢的热塑性变形与奥氏体相变过程协同配合,获得细小且均匀的显微组织。常规热连轧与CSP相比,相同点是为保证产品在单一奥氏体区轧制,采用较高的精轧终轧温度,差异点为出炉温度、压缩比等关键参数均存在显著区别,需结合产线特点进行设计。
冷轧压下率也是影响产品性能的因素之一,增加酸轧压下率,可提高再结晶驱动力。本次试制根据不同酸轧产线的轧制能力,常规热连轧后配置的轧机压下率大于70%,CSP后的轧机压下率在60~70%之间。
退火工序温度的控制较为重要,通过加热升温,逐步消除钢带酸轧过程中的加工硬化,既保证产品完成回复及再结晶,也需避免温度过高影响细晶强化,因此在工艺参数确定前应进行试验研究。
在兼顾产品性能与成本的前提下,两种工艺路线的成分设计均选择添加钛(Ti)作为关键合金元素进行对比试验,且由于钢带表面的硅易以网状膜的SiO2形态存在,阻止铁原子扩散,高硅钢带热镀锌铝镁时表面难以形成稳定的合金镀层,附着性差,影响热镀效果[2],因此将硅元素控制在0.08%以下。此外,结合不同产线的生产特点,对常规热连轧与CSP不同工艺路线采用了碳和锰的差异化设计。CSP连铸机在生产包晶钢时,其工艺特性会显著放大由包晶反应引发的体积收缩效应,导致铸坯内部产生巨大的内应力,从而给生产带来困难,因此CSP采用低碳设计,同时为保证强度适中及轧制稳定性,添加少量锰元素;常规热连轧采用中碳设计。产品成分设计范围如表1所示。
采用常规热连轧路线的产品,其热轧工艺流程为铸坯加热→高压水除鳞→定宽压力机→E1R1粗轧机轧制→E2R2粗轧机轧制→保温罩→飞剪→高压水除鳞→F1~F7精轧机轧制→加密型层流冷却→卷取。其中铸坯加热温度大于1 200 ℃,加热时间小于240 min,均热时间大于20 min,并控制精轧的终轧温度在850~950 ℃,采用强冷却方式,通过层流水对热轧钢带进行轧后控冷,得到细小的铁素体及一定量的珠光体组织,卷取温度小于630 ℃。热轧卷屈服强度范围为505~548 MPa,抗拉强度在618~642 MPa。
采用CSP路线的产品,其热轧工艺流程为连铸坯加热→连轧→冷却→卷取。其中铸坯加热温度为大于1 020 ℃,并控制精轧的终轧温度为850~900 ℃,卷取温度为600~650 ℃,冷却方式为前集中。热轧卷屈服强度范围为390~433 MPa,抗拉强度为446~481 MPa。
采用常规热连轧生产,铸坯的厚度为230 mm,该铸坯经热轧后的厚度为2.7~3.6 mm,再经冷轧后的厚度为0.8~1.5 mm。
采用CSP生产,铸坯的厚度为57 mm,该铸坯经热轧后的厚度为1.8~2.8 mm,再经冷轧后的厚度为0.8~1.5 mm。
酸轧原料在热处理前进行模拟退火试验,摸索合适的退火温度。本次试验的试样尺寸为30 mm×70 mm,试验各段的升温速度、退火温度、保温时间、冷却速度、冷却温度如表2所示,试样按照不同工艺退火后的硬度检测值如图1所示。由图1可知,当退火温度大于700 ℃后,产品硬度显著降低,当退火温度达到770 ℃时,产品硬度趋于稳定,证明此时钢带已完成再结晶,因此产品退火温度设定范围为780~840 ℃。
通过CSP工艺与常规热连轧工艺生产的原料均在同一条连续退火产线进行工业生产,钢带开卷后焊接,通过清洗、退火、镀锌铝镁、冷却、光整、辊涂、烘干、涂油各项操作后进行卷取,控制退火加热温度大于780 ℃,平整机延伸率根据不同厚度设定范围为0.5%~1.2%。
采用标准金相制样流程,分别对不同工艺路线生产的产品取样,经砂纸逐级打磨、抛光、冲洗后,使用4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀,试样显微组织如图2所示。
从金相组织可以看出:①两种成分设计的产品均已经完成再结晶,且组织为铁素体加少量珠光体;②常规热连轧供料的中碳产品晶粒更细小,CSP产线供料的低碳产品晶粒均匀性略差。究其原因,CSP产线供料的低碳产品虽已完成再结晶,但因板坯厚度为57 mm,热轧厚度为2.0 mm,最终成品厚度为0.8 mm,压缩比低,导致产品形变储能低,再结晶驱动力不足,影响晶粒均匀性和强度稳定性。
在钢卷尾部沿纵向取500 mm长的试样,并在宽度1/4处截取纵向拉伸样,依据GB/T 228.1—2021标准进行力学性能检测(标距A80,试样宽度20 mm)。检测结果显示,采用不同工艺路线生产的产品性能均符合标准要求,尽管在CSP生产的产品的强化元素(碳、锰、钛)含量低于常规热连轧产品,但成品屈服强度接近,均在400~460 MPa之间。分析原因,CSP工艺流程高度紧凑和连续,薄板坯在完成连铸后,以高温状态直接进入加热炉进行保温,随后进行热连轧,这意味着板坯没有传统流程中铸坯冷却至室温,然后再重新加热的环节,在此过程中微合金元素的碳化物或氮化物没有充分的时间在冷却过程中大量析出,而是更多地固溶在奥氏体基体,因此,在后续的轧制和冷却过程中,这些处于固溶状态的微合金元素能够更充分地发挥其沉淀强化和细化晶粒的作用,从而有效地提高了钢材的强度。简而言之,尽管CSP生产的产品的合金元素添加量相对较少,但其生产工艺保证了这些元素能被更高效地利用。延伸率方面,采用“低碳+Ti”设计的产品的延伸率(19%~21%)较“中碳+Ti”设计的产品的延伸率(23%~26%)略低。通过不同工艺路线下冶金工艺参数对性能的影响研究,可为不同产线根据用户要求进行组产提供依据。
综上所述,不同工艺路线下,虽然同强度级别产品的化学成分及工艺参数存在一定差异,但最终性能均满足标准要求,可根据用户的实际使用情况、产线高效组产、成本控制等多因素进行选择。
(1)本文采取不同冶金工艺路线生产350 MPa级结构钢,产品性能均符合标准要求。
(2)常规热连轧工艺和CSP工艺产品成分设计有差异,CSP连铸机对包晶反应进程中产生的静体积收缩应力敏感,因此采用低碳设计,而常规热连轧采用中碳设计。
(3)CSP生产的产品的强化元素碳、锰、钛含量均低于常规热连轧产品,但因该工艺路线没有铸坯冷却和再加热环节,微合金元素固溶量相对更高,其强度与热连轧产线生产的产品相当,该结果可为不同产线生产结构钢提供参考。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
钱坤华. 冷轧结构用低合金高强钢工艺研究及产品开发[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2018.
[2]
魏兵兵, 孙乾, 张波, 等. 500 MPa高强度太阳能支架用冷轧基卷的研发与制备[J]. 山东冶金, 2024, 46(3):40-42.
2025年第51卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2025-08-08
  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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