Article(id=1202256137908347104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)05-0024-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753977600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764569800116, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764569800116, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764569800116, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764569800116, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202256135920246978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764569799642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764570051432, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=24, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202256138151616748, articleId=1202256137908347104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Upgrading and Transformation of 265 m2 Sintering Machine in Iron-making Plant of Baotou Steel, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to effectively break through the bottleneck problem of capacity of sinter, upgrading and transformation of existing 265 m2 sintering machine are implemented. The capacity of sintering machine is significantly enhanced through adopting a series of measures including widening trolley, upgrading main exhauster and optimizing pelletizing system. After the transformation, average daily output of sinter is increased by 1 013 t and utilization coefficient of sintering machine is improved from 1.332 t/ (m2·h) to 1.484 t/ (m2·h); drum index of sinter is increased by 0.3 percentage point and its size composition is improved; solid fuel consumption of sintering is decreased by 1.19 kg/t and electricity consumption is decreased by 4.97 kWh/t so that the energy medium and manufacturing costs are significantly reduced.

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为了有效突破烧结矿产能瓶颈问题,对现有265 m2烧结机实施升级改造。通过采取台车拓宽、主抽风机升级、制粒系统优化等一系列措施,显著提高了烧结机的生产能力。改造完成后,烧结矿平均日产量提高了1 013 t,烧结机利用系数由1.332 t/(m2·h)提高至1.484 t/(m2·h);烧结矿转鼓指数提高0.3个百分点,粒度组成改善;烧结固体燃耗降低了1.19 kg/t,电耗降低4.97 kWh/t,能源介质及制造成本降低明显。

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钱万钧(1981-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级技师,现从事烧结生产技术工作。

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钱万钧(1981-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级技师,现从事烧结生产技术工作。

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钱万钧(1981-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级技师,现从事烧结生产技术工作。

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阶段 料层/mm 机速/(m·min-1) 垂速/(m·min-1) 主管负压/kPa 主管温度/℃ 终点温度/℃
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改造后 880 1.71 18.52 13.88 108 405
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烧结生产工艺变化

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阶段 料层/mm 机速/(m·min-1) 垂速/(m·min-1) 主管负压/kPa 主管温度/℃ 终点温度/℃
改造前 776 1.83 17.31 12.01 129 386
改造后 880 1.71 18.52 13.88 108 405
对比 +104 -0.12 +1.21 +1.87 -21 +19
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阶段 化学成分(质量分数)/% 碱度
TFe FeO CaO SiO2 F S MgO P
改造前 55.26 8.67 11.30 5.41 0.12 0.04 2.05 0.06 2.06
改造后 55.37 8.55 11.48 5.34 0.11 0.05 2.04 0.06 2.12
对比 0.11 -0.12 0.18 -0.07 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 0 0.06
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烧结矿化学成分变化

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阶段 化学成分(质量分数)/% 碱度
TFe FeO CaO SiO2 F S MgO P
改造前 55.26 8.67 11.30 5.41 0.12 0.04 2.05 0.06 2.06
改造后 55.37 8.55 11.48 5.34 0.11 0.05 2.04 0.06 2.12
对比 0.11 -0.12 0.18 -0.07 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 0 0.06
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阶段 粒度组成(质量分数)/% 平均粒度
/mm
转鼓强度
/%
>40 mm 40~25 mm 25~16 mm 16~10 mm 10~5 mm <5 mm
改造前 12.17 22.90 22.9 21.06 17.84 3.13 22.38 80.47
改造后 14.11 22.46 22.05 20.66 17.76 2.98 22.96 80.77
对比 1.94 -0.44 -0.85 -0.40 -0.08 -0.15 0.58 0.30
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烧结矿强度与粒度组成变化

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阶段 粒度组成(质量分数)/% 平均粒度
/mm
转鼓强度
/%
>40 mm 40~25 mm 25~16 mm 16~10 mm 10~5 mm <5 mm
改造前 12.17 22.90 22.9 21.06 17.84 3.13 22.38 80.47
改造后 14.11 22.46 22.05 20.66 17.76 2.98 22.96 80.77
对比 1.94 -0.44 -0.85 -0.40 -0.08 -0.15 0.58 0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1202266699799158849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1202256137908347104, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段 平均日产
/t
台时产量
/(t·h-1)
利用系数
/(t·m-2·h-1)
冷返矿单耗
/(kg·t-1)
固体燃耗
/(kg·t-1)
烧结电耗
/(kWh·t-1)
改造前 8 428 354.5 1.332 243.67 51.68 46.34
改造后 9 441 375.1 1.484 222.89 50.49 41.37
对比 +1 013 +20.6 +0.152 -20.78 -1.19 -4.97
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烧结相关指标对比

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阶段 平均日产
/t
台时产量
/(t·h-1)
利用系数
/(t·m-2·h-1)
冷返矿单耗
/(kg·t-1)
固体燃耗
/(kg·t-1)
烧结电耗
/(kWh·t-1)
改造前 8 428 354.5 1.332 243.67 51.68 46.34
改造后 9 441 375.1 1.484 222.89 50.49 41.37
对比 +1 013 +20.6 +0.152 -20.78 -1.19 -4.97
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能源介质 改造前单耗 改造后单耗 单耗对比
焦炉煤气/(GJ·t-1) 0.07 0.06 -0.01
电力/(kWh·t-1) 46.34 41.37 -4.97
固体燃耗/(kg·t-1) 51.68 50.49 -1.19
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改造前后能源介质对比

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能源介质 改造前单耗 改造后单耗 单耗对比
焦炉煤气/(GJ·t-1) 0.07 0.06 -0.01
电力/(kWh·t-1) 46.34 41.37 -4.97
固体燃耗/(kg·t-1) 51.68 50.49 -1.19
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包钢炼铁厂265 m2烧结机升级改造
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钱万钧 , 邱金厚 , 李树鹏 , 李涛 , 雷霆
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025,51(5): 24-28
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2025, 51(5): 24-28
包钢炼铁厂265 m2烧结机升级改造
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钱万钧, 邱金厚, 李树鹏, 李涛, 雷霆
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 钱万钧(1981-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级技师,现从事烧结生产技术工作。

Upgrading and Transformation of 265 m2 Sintering Machine in Iron-making Plant of Baotou Steel
Wanjun Qian, Jinhou Qiu, Shupeng Li, Tao Li, Ting Lei
Affiliations
  • Iron-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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为了有效突破烧结矿产能瓶颈问题,对现有265 m2烧结机实施升级改造。通过采取台车拓宽、主抽风机升级、制粒系统优化等一系列措施,显著提高了烧结机的生产能力。改造完成后,烧结矿平均日产量提高了1 013 t,烧结机利用系数由1.332 t/(m2·h)提高至1.484 t/(m2·h);烧结矿转鼓指数提高0.3个百分点,粒度组成改善;烧结固体燃耗降低了1.19 kg/t,电耗降低4.97 kWh/t,能源介质及制造成本降低明显。

烧结机  /  升级改造  /  利用系数  /  固体燃耗  /  成本

In order to effectively break through the bottleneck problem of capacity of sinter, upgrading and transformation of existing 265 m2 sintering machine are implemented. The capacity of sintering machine is significantly enhanced through adopting a series of measures including widening trolley, upgrading main exhauster and optimizing pelletizing system. After the transformation, average daily output of sinter is increased by 1 013 t and utilization coefficient of sintering machine is improved from 1.332 t/ (m2·h) to 1.484 t/ (m2·h); drum index of sinter is increased by 0.3 percentage point and its size composition is improved; solid fuel consumption of sintering is decreased by 1.19 kg/t and electricity consumption is decreased by 4.97 kWh/t so that the energy medium and manufacturing costs are significantly reduced.

sintering machine  /  upgrading and transformation  /  utilization coefficient  /  solid fuel consumption  /  cost
钱万钧, 邱金厚, 李树鹏, 李涛, 雷霆. 包钢炼铁厂265 m2烧结机升级改造. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (5) : 24 -28 .
Wanjun Qian, Jinhou Qiu, Shupeng Li, Tao Li, Ting Lei. Upgrading and Transformation of 265 m2 Sintering Machine in Iron-making Plant of Baotou Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (5) : 24 -28 .
随着钢铁行业的发展,特别是高炉大型化的不断推进,炼铁厂原有的烧结矿产能已无法满足高炉产能日益增长的需求。炼铁厂在2台180 m2烧结机停产后,剩余的3台265 m2烧结机(三烧一台,四烧两台)产能不足的问题变得更加明显。为了解决这一问题,首先对四烧2#烧结机进行升级改造,通过设备扩容、工艺优化等手段提高了烧结矿产量和质量。本文从技术改造的实施、生产指标的改善以及成本效益的分析等多个方面,系统地阐述和分析这次改造所取得的成果。
在进行大型烧结机的升级改造时,应当严格遵循以下几项基本原则:①缩短停产时间,以减少生产损失,并且在改造过程中要尽可能降低投资;②采取的扩容工艺需因地制宜,确保现场的空间布局能够适应改造工程的需要,改造过程中要尽可能地利用现有的设备和设施,同时也要考虑到整个系统设备的能力和兼容性;③改造过程中应充分考虑新工艺、新技术的运用,以改善烧结过程中的能耗指标,从而提高烧结矿质量;④改造的最终目标是实现实际生产能力的提高,确保改造后的设备能够满足更高的生产需求,从而为企业带来更大的经济效益[1]
保持烧结机风箱、轨道及骨架不变,充分利用台车的边缘效应,将烧结机台车沿宽度方向各增加0.2 m,即台车宽度由3.5 m加宽至3.9 m,增加烧结面积30 m2,同时将台车挡板高度由750 mm提高至850 mm。由于台车挡板高度提高,为了改善料层透气性,对松料装置进行了相应的改造,松料器松料棒由原来的2排增加至3排,纵向由台车炉条向上150 mm位置开始至台车挡板顶端向下200 mm位置平均分布,横向由台车两侧挡板向内200 mm位置平均分布,同时为了减少松料棒卡杂物情况,将松料棒间隙调整为400 mm。
足够的有效风量能够为烧结过程提供充足的氧气,使燃料充分燃烧,加快烧结反应速度,从而提高烧结矿的产量。同时,合理的风量分布可以降低烧结过程中的漏风率,避免过多的冷空气进入烧结系统,从而减少热量损失,降低烧结生产的能耗。为保证烧结机加宽及挡板加高后烧结有效风量在合理范围,在主抽风机电机及附属设施不变动的情况下,对原主抽风机转子叶轮进行改造,烧结机两台风机风量各增加1 000 m3/min。通过提高主抽风机风量,满足高负压、厚料层烧结工艺的需要[2]
在烧结生产过程中,点火是烧结过程中的关键环节,点火效果直接影响烧结矿的质量和产量,此外,烧结点火过程对于能源的消耗以及能源利用的效率也有显著的影响。在本次烧结机改造中,对点火炉、保温炉、热风罩重新制作安装,这些设备的宽度均由原来4 m增加至4.5 m,安装高度根据台车挡板提高情况相应增加100 mm。
新制作的点火炉采用了双斜式微负压点火炉,双斜式微负压点火炉的结构设计独特,其炉体呈双斜式,能够使火焰更加均匀地分布在烧结料面上,从而显著提高点火的均匀性。微负压技术的应用,使得点火炉内的压力略低于外界大气压,有效减少了冷空气的吸入,提高了点火效率[3]
由于烧结机台车加宽、加高,混合料布料系统也适当抬高加宽。原有的摆动机构、宽皮带、九辊布料器相应进行加宽,同时对九辊布料器的角度进行调整,由之前的38°调整到42°。布料辊角度适当增大,辊子对烧结料的推送和搅拌作用增强,能够使烧结料在台车上更均匀地分布,形成较为平整的料层,有利于烧结过程中气流均匀通过,提高烧结矿的质量和产量[4]
制粒系统是影响烧结矿质量的重要环节,良好的制粒效果能够提高烧结料的透气性,促进烧结过程的顺利进行。在本次烧结机升级改造中,更换了制粒机衬板,采用了新型的耐磨、耐腐蚀材料。新衬板具有更高的硬度和耐磨性,能够有效延长衬板的使用寿命,减少因衬板磨损导致的制粒效果下降。
物料的粘性和湿度等因素通常会导致制粒矿槽出现粘料和堵塞现象,从而严重影响物料下料的连续性和稳定性。在矿槽内安装了一套疏堵装置,疏堵装置采用自动控制技术,能够根据矿槽内部粘料情况进行自动清理,通过改进,显著提高了物料下料过程的稳定性和可靠性。
在烧结生产过程中,通过添加热水,可以有效地提高生石灰的消化速率,确保生石灰消化更彻底,从而减少由于生石灰消化不完全而产生的“白点”现象,提高生石灰的利用率。此外,生石灰在消化过程中会释放热量,这些热量可以被用来预热混合料,进而提高混合料的温度。通过这种方式,可以有效地消除过湿层对生产过程的不利影响,并且有助于降低燃料的消耗[5]。为此对加水箱的管线进行优化,将烧结机单齿辊冷却循环水以及环冷余热回收系统的冷却循环水引入混合机加水箱中,这样不仅可以提高混合料的温度,而且还能减轻冷却系统的运行压力,从而达到节能降耗的效果。
引入烧结表面喷洒蒸汽技术。通过在烧结料面喷洒蒸汽(或水汽混合物),可以强化烧结过程,这是因为喷入的水汽具有加快传热、传质作用,强化了烧结过程。蒸汽喷吹量增加时,燃料的利用率也会相应提高[6]。从环冷余热系统单独铺设一条蒸汽管道至烧结机点火器出口,沿台车宽度方向接入三排蒸汽管对料面喷吹蒸汽。
在烧结机升级改造后,料层厚度、烧结机速、主管负压等参数比之前发生较大变化,具体数据见表1
表1可以看出,料层厚度由776 mm提高至880 mm,主管负压由12.01 kPa提高至13.88 kPa。随着料层厚度的增加,透气性下降,需要提高主管负压来保证足够的抽风量,使烧结过程中的氧气供应充足,促进燃料的充分燃烧。
在实际生产中,合适的机速能够保证烧结矿的质量和产量达到最佳平衡。如果机速过快,烧结反应不完全,会导致烧结矿质量下降;机速过慢,则会影响产量,增加生产成本。通过对一段时间生产数据的总结,将烧结机速由1.83 m/min降至1.71 m/min,垂直燃烧速度控制在18.5 m/min左右,得到较好的生产效果。
烧结机升级改造后,通过对相关参数的调整,优化烧结矿碱度,烧结矿化学成分见表2
表2可以看出,烧结矿碱度由2.06提高至2.12,更接近高炉所需最佳碱度中值(中值一般为2.1)。依据炉渣碱度理论,合适的烧结矿碱度能促进CaO与SiO2充分反应,加快高炉造渣速度,改善渣铁分离效果,从而提高高炉生产效率。增加料层厚度后,燃料用量比之前减少,FeO含量降低0.12个百分点,表明烧结矿的还原性得到改善,能够在高炉中更充分地被还原,降低高炉的燃料消耗。
烧结机升级改造后,烧结矿转鼓强度及粒度组成得到改善,见表3
表3可以看出,改造后烧结矿粒度组成明显改善,>40 mm粒级占比从12.17%提高至14.11%,大块烧结矿数量显著增加;而中小粒级占比呈下降趋势,10~16 mm粒级降低0.40个百分点,5~10 mm粒级降低0.08个百分点,<5 mm粒级降低0.15个百分点。
粒度改善的原因在于料层厚度提高了104 mm,使烧结过程自蓄热效应增强,同时燃料粒度偏析导致近台车篦条处热量更充足,促进矿物充分粘结,形成更多大块烧结矿。这一变化有利于改善高炉炉内透气性和后续冶炼效率。
改造后烧结矿转鼓强度提高,转鼓强度从80.47%提高至80.77%,提高了0.30个百分点,表明烧结矿抗冲击和耐磨性能增强。转鼓强度提高得益于双重因素:一是料层厚度增加,更厚的料层使烧结带在高温区停留时间延长,液相生成更充分,矿物结晶更完善,减少了脆性玻璃相;二是烧结矿碱度升高,碱度提高促进铁酸钙等粘结相生成,增强颗粒间结合力,直接提高烧结矿强度。
粒度分布改善与转鼓强度提高形成协同效应,大块烧结矿比例增加可改善高炉料柱透气性,降低压差波动;转鼓强度提高则减少了运输和冶炼过程中烧结矿的破碎,维持合理粒度组成。两项指标的改善直接反映了料层厚度调整对烧结工艺优化的作用,为后续生产中进一步平衡产量与质量提供了数据支撑。
烧结机升级改造后,烧结矿产量大幅提高,能耗指标明显降低,见表4
表4可以看出,改造后,烧结生产多项指标改善,实现提质增效与降耗的双重突破。产量方面,平均日产提高12.0%,达到9 441 t,台时产量增长5.8%,达到375.1 t/h,在烧结料层厚度提高、边缘效应改善的有利条件下,冷返矿单耗降低20.78 kg/t,利用系数从1.332 t/(m2·h)提高至1.484 t/(m2·h),单位面积产能大幅提高。
能耗指标上,固体燃耗降至50.49 kg/t,降幅为2.3%,表明改造后能源利用更加高效。结合此前粒度和强度改善,料层厚度增加带来的自蓄热效应,以及烧结矿碱度的提高,不仅提高了烧结矿质量,还降低了燃料消耗。同时,产量的提高也摊薄了单位能耗,烧结电耗由46.34 kWh/t降至41.37 kWh/t,进一步降低生产成本。
总体而言,此次改造通过优化工艺参数,实现了烧结矿产量、质量与能耗的协同改善,为企业创造了更高的经济效益,对后续生产工艺优化具有重要的参考价值。
固体燃耗、电耗等能源介质消耗的降低,烧结矿成本降低,见表5
焦炉煤气按23.25元/GJ、电价按0.39元/kWh、固体燃料按0.944元/kg计算,改造后烧结矿产能提高,相应摊薄能源介质的消耗,焦炉煤气单耗下降0.01 GJ/t,成本降低0.23元/t,电力单耗下降4.97 kWh/t,成本降低1.94元/t,固体燃耗降低1.19 kg/t,成本降低1.12元/t,合计烧结矿成本比之前降低3.29元/t。
另外,产量的提高,烧结矿制造费用也相应降低,按照上一年度烧结矿制造费44.45元/t进行计算,改造后烧结矿产量提高12%,制造费用降低4.76元/t。
(1)通过采取台车加宽、主抽风机升级改造、制粒系统优化等措施,烧结机生产能力显著提高。改造后单台烧结机烧结矿日产量提高约1 000 t,利用系数提高0.152 t/(m2·h)。
(2)烧结料层厚度提高后,自动蓄热效应增强,固体燃耗降低1.19 kg/t,烧结矿FeO含量降低。
(3)烧结矿物理性能改善,烧结矿转鼓强度提高0.30个百分点,平均粒径提高0.58 mm,大块烧结矿数量显著增加,中小粒级占比呈下降趋势。
(4)增产后烧结成本降低,能源介质成本降低3.29元/t,烧结矿制造费用降低4.76元/t。
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2025年第51卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2025-08-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼铁厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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