Article(id=1202256137459556560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)05-0077-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737734400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764569800009, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764569800009, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764569800009, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764569800009, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202256135920246978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764569799642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764570051432, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202257192083747510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1202256135920246978, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=77, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202256137811878107, articleId=1202256137459556560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Influences of Trace Rare Earth Elements on Corrosion Resistance of YQ450NQR1 Zed Beam, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, YQ450NQR1 zed beam is taken as the research object and trace rare earth elements are added in smelting process to improve its corrosion resistance. The influences of trace rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of YQ450NQR1 zed beam are studied by phase detection, alternate immersion accelerated corrosion test and electrochemical analysis of rust layer. The study results showed that the grain could be refined, stable α-FeOOH could be promoted to be generated so that rust layer was more compact by adding trace rare earth elements into YQ450NQR1 zed beam. As a result, the self-corrosion potential of material is improved and transfer resistance of charge is increased so that the corrosion resistance of material is improved.

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文章以YQ450NQR1乙字钢作为研究对象,在冶炼过程中添加微量稀土元素用以改善其耐腐蚀性能。通过锈层物相检测、周期浸润加速腐蚀试验、电化学分析,研究微量稀土元素对YQ450NQR1乙字钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,YQ450NQR1乙字钢添加微量稀土元素能起到细化晶粒的作用,促进了稳定的α-FeOOH 生成,使得锈层更加致密,提高了材料的自腐蚀电位,增大了电荷转移电阻,从而提高材料的耐腐蚀能力。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

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宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

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编号 C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr V RE
1# 0.13 0.36 1.26 0.011 0.004 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.10 0.001 5
2# 0.12 0.40 1.33 0.012 0.003 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.10
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试验钢化学成分(质量分数) %

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编号 C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr V RE
1# 0.13 0.36 1.26 0.011 0.004 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.10 0.001 5
2# 0.12 0.40 1.33 0.012 0.003 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.10
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编号 腐蚀速率
1# 1.21
2# 1.78
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试验钢腐蚀速率 g/(m2·h)

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编号 腐蚀速率
1# 1.21
2# 1.78
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编号 网格线类型 网格线长度/μm 截点数 平均截距/μm 纵横比值 晶粒度评级
1# 辅助线2(水平) 1 851.43 160.0 11.57 0 9.58
2# 辅助线2(水平) 1 851.43 129.5 14.3 0 8.97
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试验钢晶粒度

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编号 网格线类型 网格线长度/μm 截点数 平均截距/μm 纵横比值 晶粒度评级
1# 辅助线2(水平) 1 851.43 160.0 11.57 0 9.58
2# 辅助线2(水平) 1 851.43 129.5 14.3 0 8.97
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微量稀土元素对YQ450NQR1乙字钢耐腐蚀性能影响研究
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宋振东 , 张晓晨 , 王永明 , 惠治国 , 卜向东 , 刘丽娟 , 李学东
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025,51(5): 77-81
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2025, 51(5): 77-81
微量稀土元素对YQ450NQR1乙字钢耐腐蚀性能影响研究
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宋振东, 张晓晨, 王永明, 惠治国, 卜向东, 刘丽娟, 李学东
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 宋振东(1982-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事型钢及特钢产品研发工作。

Study on Influences of Trace Rare Earth Elements on Corrosion Resistance of YQ450NQR1 Zed Beam
Zhendong Song, Xiaochen Zhang, Yongming Wang, Zhiguo Hui, Xiangdong Bu, Lijuan Liu, Xuedong Li
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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文章以YQ450NQR1乙字钢作为研究对象,在冶炼过程中添加微量稀土元素用以改善其耐腐蚀性能。通过锈层物相检测、周期浸润加速腐蚀试验、电化学分析,研究微量稀土元素对YQ450NQR1乙字钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,YQ450NQR1乙字钢添加微量稀土元素能起到细化晶粒的作用,促进了稳定的α-FeOOH 生成,使得锈层更加致密,提高了材料的自腐蚀电位,增大了电荷转移电阻,从而提高材料的耐腐蚀能力。

YQ450NQR1乙字钢  /  稀土元素  /  耐腐蚀性能

In this paper, YQ450NQR1 zed beam is taken as the research object and trace rare earth elements are added in smelting process to improve its corrosion resistance. The influences of trace rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of YQ450NQR1 zed beam are studied by phase detection, alternate immersion accelerated corrosion test and electrochemical analysis of rust layer. The study results showed that the grain could be refined, stable α-FeOOH could be promoted to be generated so that rust layer was more compact by adding trace rare earth elements into YQ450NQR1 zed beam. As a result, the self-corrosion potential of material is improved and transfer resistance of charge is increased so that the corrosion resistance of material is improved.

YQ450NQR1 zed beam  /  rare earth elements  /  corrosion resistance
宋振东, 张晓晨, 王永明, 惠治国, 卜向东, 刘丽娟, 李学东. 微量稀土元素对YQ450NQR1乙字钢耐腐蚀性能影响研究. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (5) : 77 -81 .
Zhendong Song, Xiaochen Zhang, Yongming Wang, Zhiguo Hui, Xiangdong Bu, Lijuan Liu, Xuedong Li. Study on Influences of Trace Rare Earth Elements on Corrosion Resistance of YQ450NQR1 Zed Beam[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (5) : 77 -81 .
大气腐蚀是金属材料失效主要原因之一,每年因此造成直接或间接损失的钢材约占总量的10%[1-2]。为延长钢铁材料的使用寿命,工程技术人员开发了许多防腐蚀材料和技术,包括不锈钢、复合材料、表面镀(涂)层、表面稳定化处理、锈层处理以及除锈防腐剂等等。这些材料和技术,都不同程度抑制了腐蚀,延长了材料的使用寿命,但是有的方法不仅工艺比较繁琐,而且会增加生产成本,甚至造成环境污染,破坏生态环境[3-4]。YQ450NQR1乙字钢是制作火车车厢中梁的专用特殊型钢,是实现火车重载的重要材料。为了提高火车车厢中梁耐腐蚀性能,在钢中添加大量贵重的合金元素,但面临生产成本较高、制备工艺苛刻等问题。大量的研究工作已证实,在钢中添加微量的稀土元素(<0.002 0%)可以提高钢材的综合性能。稀土和合金元素相互配合作用,可以提高钢材的耐腐蚀性能,并且随着时间的延长,耐腐蚀效果越明显,有效地延长了车厢中梁的使用寿命[5]。本文以YQ450NQR1乙字钢作为研究对象,通过在钢中添加微量稀土元素以提高耐腐蚀性能,研究稀土对试验钢的作用机理和规律,对推动稀土在钢中的工业化应用具有一定意义。
冶炼了2组试验钢,1#试验钢的稀土含量为0.001 5%,2#试验钢不加稀土。试验钢的化学成分如表1所示。
钢材的耐大气腐蚀性能评价试验方法主要包括户外大气暴晒试验与室内加速腐蚀试验两大类。由于大气暴露试验中稳定锈层的生成通常需要数年时间,钢材的耐蚀评价周期过长,而室内周期浸润加速腐蚀试验是一种较常用的试验手段,这种试验方法能够快速评价钢材的耐大气腐蚀性能[6],因此常采用室内加速腐蚀试验对钢材的耐腐蚀性能进行评价。
按照GB/T 18175—2000《水处理剂缓蚀性能的测定 旋转挂片法》进行周期浸润加速腐蚀试验,使用干湿周期浸润腐蚀试验机,采用轮浸的方式进行试验,试样尺寸为60 mm×40 mm×4 mm,试验选用NaHSO3溶液,试验时间为72 h,试验温度为45±1 ℃,转速为120 r/min。将腐蚀试样用塑料绝缘材料悬挂于周期浸润腐蚀箱内,腐蚀72 h后取出试样,测量重量。根据耐腐蚀速率计算公式计算出每组试样的腐蚀速率,见表2
表2的腐蚀速率可以看出,添加微量稀土元素的1#试验钢腐蚀速率更低,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。
采用蔡司Axiovert 5 金相显微镜对试验钢的金相组织进行观察。图1为两种试验钢的金相组织照片。表3为两种试验钢通过截点法定量测得的晶粒度。
根据以上金相组织及晶粒度评级报告可以看出,添加了微量稀土元素的1#试验钢较2#试验钢的晶粒尺寸更细小。晶粒度越小,材料的耐腐蚀性也越强,这是因为小晶粒会减小晶界的长度和局部强度,从而提高材料的耐腐蚀能力。
稀土耐蚀钢表面在腐蚀的过程中会形成一层极薄、致密且结合牢固的氧化物层(钝化层),氧化物层覆盖在金属表面,通过隔绝空气中的氧气、水分子以及其他物质和钢材内部的元素产生化学反应,从而阻止钢材的进一步腐蚀。绣层主要是由疏松易脱落的γ-FeOOH和牢固不易脱落的α-FeOOH腐蚀产物构成,锈层的形貌在一定程度上可以反映其耐腐蚀性能的好坏,锈层越致密,孔洞与裂纹越少,其耐腐蚀性能就越好。大量的研究表明,α-FeOOH的保护性要优于γ-FeOOH,在金相显微镜高倍视野下,α-FeOOH呈椭球状,边界光滑,而γ-FeOOH呈针状[7]
采用Sigma 500场发射扫描电子显微镜对试验钢锈层的微观形貌进行观察,图2为两种试验钢在周期浸润加速腐蚀试验72 h后的扫描电镜照片。
图2的锈层低倍形貌可以看出,添加微量稀土元素的1#试验钢表面平整度、致密度更高,锈层上的颗粒状腐蚀产物更为细小。从图2的高倍形貌可以看出,添加微量稀土元素的1#试验钢锈层主要成分为α-FeOOH,而不加稀土元素的2#试验钢锈层主要成分为γ-FeOOH。
采用荷兰帕纳科公司的X’ Pert Pro MPD型X射线衍射仪对锈层的物相组成进行了分析,测试角度范围为10°~110°,电压为40 kV,电流为 30 mA,图3为试验钢周期浸润试验72 h后的锈层物相XRD图谱。
图3可以看出,1#和2#试验钢的锈层物相组成基本相同,均包含α-FeOOH (PDF 29-0713)、γ-FeOOH(PDF 08-0098)、Fe3O4(PDF 89-0688)和Fe2O3(PDF 89-0597)。对比分析,图3(a)中α-FeOOH相明显高于图3(b),表明1#试验钢能够生成更多的致密锈层,腐蚀性能优于2#试验钢。
使用Gamry Reference电化学工作站对试验钢在浓度为3.5%NaCl腐蚀溶液中进行电位扫描极化曲线测试,电位范围为-0.25~0.25 V,图4为两种试验钢的极化曲线。
材料的自腐蚀电位越高,说明其在电解质溶液中越难发生腐蚀反应,其耐腐蚀性越好。 从1#和2#试验钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线可以看出,1#和2#试验钢的自腐蚀电位分别为-1.106 V和-1.123V,1#试验钢相比于2#试验钢自腐蚀电位向正方向移动,说明添加稀土的试验钢耐蚀性更强。
使用Gamry Reference电化学工作站对试验钢在浓度为3.5%NaCl的腐蚀溶液中进行电化学阻抗谱测试。测试的开路电压为-1.0 V,频率范围为0.01~100 000 Hz。图5为两种试验钢的电化学阻抗谱。
图5电化学阻抗谱的Nyquist曲线可以看出,1#和2#试验钢的高频区均为一个容抗弧,在高频区电场变化很快,溶液浓度变化可以忽略,主要以电化学反应为主,容抗弧半径的大小反映了电荷转移所受阻力的高低,从图5(a)和(b)的容抗弧半径对比可知,1#试验钢弧半径明显大于2#试验钢的弧半径,在材料电化学阻抗谱测试中,容抗弧的半径越大,表明材料的耐腐蚀性能越强。
(1)微量稀土元素的加入,提高了YQ450NQR1乙字钢的相变温度和过冷度,扩大了试验钢的奥氏体区,同时使奥氏体的形核率得到提高,获得更为细小的原始奥氏体,达到了细化晶粒的效果,从而提高了钢材耐腐蚀能力。
(2)在钢中添加微量稀土元素,促进了稳定的 α-FeOOH 生成,使得锈层更加致密,孔洞与裂纹减少,提高了材料的耐腐蚀能力。
(3)电化学腐蚀试验结果表明,微量稀土元素的加入提高了材料的自腐蚀电位,增大了电荷转移电阻,使得材料的耐腐蚀能力得到提高。
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  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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