Article(id=1201193879073678315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1201193876590654455, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)04-0048-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740758400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764316537873, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764316537873, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764316537873, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764316537873, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201193876590654455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764316537282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764316948844, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201195602878100389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1201193876590654455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201195602878100390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1201193876590654455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=48, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201193879375668216, articleId=1201193879073678315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Change Laws for Hardness of Bainite Rail with Complex Phase of Bainite and Martensite, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The hardness of cross section and longitudinal section of rail head for 75 kg/m hot rolled bainite rail and heat treated bainite rail is tested as well as the reasons are analyzed combining with microstructure and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that the change laws for hardness of cross section and longitudinal section of rail head were consistent from rail head to rail web for both states of rail. The hardness of rail head for hot rolled rail is decreased first and then increased from tread to rail web, hardness fluctuation is smaller from top surface of rail head to 13 mm below tread, microstructure is granular bainite+ lath bainite+ lath martensite as well as local hardness is abnormally high due to the existence of martensite segregation band or hard phase inclusions; the hardness of rail head for heat treated rail is decreased first and then increased from tread to rail web. The outliers of high hardness are because indentation contains hard phase inclusions and outliers of low hardness are because there is granular bainite structure in micro region. The rail is with more uniform duplex structure of bainite and martensite as well as both of them are existed in the form of lath so that segregation is significantly improved from the macroscopical view.

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测试了75 kg/m热轧贝氏体钢轨和热处理贝氏体钢轨轨头横截面和纵截面的硬度,并结合显微组织及EDS能谱分析原因。结果表明:两种状态的钢轨轨头硬度不管横截面还是纵截面,从轨头到轨腰的变化规律一致。热轧钢轨轨头硬度由踏面至轨腰呈现先下降后升高的规律,轨头顶面至踏面下13 mm处硬度波动较小,组织为粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体+板条马氏体,由于马氏体偏析带或硬相夹杂物的存在导致局部硬度异常偏高;热处理钢轨轨头硬度由踏面至轨腰呈现先下降后升高的规律,高硬度异常点因为压痕处含有硬相夹杂物,低硬度异常点因为微区存在粒状贝氏体组织,钢轨具有较均匀贝氏体和马氏体复相组织,且均以板条形式存在,宏观表现为偏析明显改善。

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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事钢轨研发工作。

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张凤明(1987-),男,内蒙古赤峰市人,高级工程师,现从事钢轨研发工作。

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钢轨状态	化学成分(质量分数)/%					力学性能
	C	Si	Mn	Cr+Ni+Mo		抗拉强度Rm /MPa	断后伸长率A /%	室温冲击 吸收能量 KU2/J	轨头顶面 中心线硬度 HBW10/3000
热轧	0.20	0.90	2.30	2.0		1 330	13.0	100	405
热处理	0.20	0.90	2.20	1.7		1 400	14.0	120	430

), ArticleFig(id=1201193886522761622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1201193879073678315, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验用75 kg/m贝氏体钢轨化学成分及力学性能

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钢轨状态	化学成分(质量分数)/%					力学性能
	C	Si	Mn	Cr+Ni+Mo		抗拉强度Rm /MPa	断后伸长率A /%	室温冲击 吸收能量 KU2/J	轨头顶面 中心线硬度 HBW10/3000
热轧	0.20	0.90	2.30	2.0		1 330	13.0	100	405
热处理	0.20	0.90	2.20	1.7		1 400	14.0	120	430

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