Article(id=1201193877953803260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1201193876590654455, articleNumber=1009-5438(2025)04-0092-03, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740758400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764316537607, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764316537607, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764316537607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764316537607, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201193876590654455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2025', volume='51', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764316537282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764316948844, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201195602878100389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1201193876590654455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201195602878100390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1201193876590654455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=92, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201193878222238719, articleId=1201193877953803260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Current Situations and Thinking on Co-investment Mechanism of Employees in State-owned Enterprises, columnId=1187102804364640261, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Others, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the current situations of implementation, advantages, challenges and optimization strategies for co-investment mechanism of employees in state-owned enterprises are discussed. Its connotation, characteristics and application situations in state-owned enterprises are elaborated through literature research and case analysis. It is found in the research that the co-investment mechanism of employees is with significant advantages in motivating employees, promoting enterprise innovation and optimizing governance structure, however, it is also facing such challenges as imperfect improvement and difficult risk control of co-investment mechanism in enterprises. In this paper, such suggestions as perfecting relevant systems of enterprises, optimizing system design as well as strengthening risk management and control are proposed, which could provide references for deepening reform of co-investment mechanism of employees in state-owned enterprises.

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文章探讨了国有企业员工跟投机制的实施现状、优势、挑战及优化策略。通过文献研究和案例分析,阐述了员工跟投机制的内涵、特点及其在国有企业中的应用情况。研究发现,员工跟投机制在激发员工积极性、促进企业创新和优化治理结构方面具有显著优势,但也面临企业跟投制度建设不健全、风险控制难度大等挑战。文章提出了完善企业相关制度、优化制度设计和加强风险管控等建议,为国有企业深化员工跟投机制改革提供了参考。

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张新毅(1994-),男,内蒙古包头市人,经济师,现从事投资工作。

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张新毅(1994-),男,内蒙古包头市人,经济师,现从事投资工作。

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张新毅(1994-),男,内蒙古包头市人,经济师,现从事投资工作。

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关于国有企业员工跟投机制的现状与思考
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张新毅 1 , 刘汇波 2
包钢科技 | 其他 2025,51(4): 92-94
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包钢科技 | 其他 2025, 51(4): 92-94
关于国有企业员工跟投机制的现状与思考
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张新毅1, 刘汇波2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢集团铁盈投资有限公司, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司组织人事部, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张新毅(1994-),男,内蒙古包头市人,经济师,现从事投资工作。

Current Situations and Thinking on Co-investment Mechanism of Employees in State-owned Enterprises
Xinyi Zhang1, Huibo Liu2
Affiliations
  • 1 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Group Tieying Investment Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Organizational and Personnel Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25
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文章探讨了国有企业员工跟投机制的实施现状、优势、挑战及优化策略。通过文献研究和案例分析,阐述了员工跟投机制的内涵、特点及其在国有企业中的应用情况。研究发现,员工跟投机制在激发员工积极性、促进企业创新和优化治理结构方面具有显著优势,但也面临企业跟投制度建设不健全、风险控制难度大等挑战。文章提出了完善企业相关制度、优化制度设计和加强风险管控等建议,为国有企业深化员工跟投机制改革提供了参考。

国有企业  /  员工跟投  /  激励机制  /  股权结构  /  风险管控

In this paper, the current situations of implementation, advantages, challenges and optimization strategies for co-investment mechanism of employees in state-owned enterprises are discussed. Its connotation, characteristics and application situations in state-owned enterprises are elaborated through literature research and case analysis. It is found in the research that the co-investment mechanism of employees is with significant advantages in motivating employees, promoting enterprise innovation and optimizing governance structure, however, it is also facing such challenges as imperfect improvement and difficult risk control of co-investment mechanism in enterprises. In this paper, such suggestions as perfecting relevant systems of enterprises, optimizing system design as well as strengthening risk management and control are proposed, which could provide references for deepening reform of co-investment mechanism of employees in state-owned enterprises.

state-owned enterprises  /  co-investment of employees  /  motivation system  /  equity structure  /  risk management and control
张新毅, 刘汇波. 关于国有企业员工跟投机制的现状与思考. 包钢科技, 2025 , 51 (4) : 92 -94 .
Xinyi Zhang, Huibo Liu. Current Situations and Thinking on Co-investment Mechanism of Employees in State-owned Enterprises[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2025 , 51 (4) : 92 -94 .
随着国有企业改革的不断深化,如何建立有效的激励机制以激发员工积极性和创造力成为重要课题。员工跟投机制作为一种新兴的激励方式,近年来在国有企业中获得推广应用。员工跟投机制将员工个人利益与企业未来发展高度绑定在一起,双方目标一致,共担风险,利益共享,员工的企业认同感和归属感大大增强,企业发展动力更强,跟投项目成功概率会更大。
本文系统阐释了员工跟投机制的理论概念,通过分析比较员工跟投与员工持股之间的异同点,结合实践现状和成功案例,深入探讨员工跟投机制在国有企业中的应用价值和面临的挑战。在此基础上,提出了完善国有企业员工跟投机制的政策建议,以期为推动国有企业高质量发展提供有益借鉴。
员工跟投机制是指企业员工以自有资金参与企业特定项目或业务投资的一种激励机制,其核心特点是员工与企业风险共担、利益共享,旨在将员工个人利益与企业长期发展紧密结合。与传统的员工持股计划相比,员工跟投机制更具灵活性和针对性,能够更好地激发员工在特定项目或业务中的积极性和创造力。
在国有企业中,员工跟投机制试点背景主要源于深化国企改革、激发创新活力的需求。国有企业项目跟投是指国有企业在对特定项目进行投资时,符合条件的人员依据跟投方案确定的跟投份额,以自有资金同步出资,与企业共同承担风险和收益的管理制度[1]。近年来,随着国有企业混合所有制改革的推进,有国有企业开始探索员工跟投机制。某央企在新能源业务板块试点员工跟投办法,取得了良好的激励效果。
员工跟投和员工持股两种机制本质上相通,但实际效果不尽相同。员工持股有利于增强员工对企业的整体认同感和归属感,但激励效果可能不够突出;员工跟投能够更直接地激发核心团队在特定项目中的积极性和创造力,项目收益和成功概率更高,但可能造成企业内部利益分配不均。另外,员工跟投与员工持股在激励对象、适用范围、风险和收益等方面存在显著差异。在激励对象方面,员工持股通常面向全体员工,激励范围覆盖整个企业;员工跟投则主要针对特定项目或创新业务的核心团队,激励范围相对集中。在适用范围方面,员工持股更适合成熟稳定的企业;员工跟投则更适用于创新性强、风险较高的新兴业务领域。在风险和收益方面,员工持股的风险和收益与企业整体经营状况挂钩;员工跟投的风险和收益则与跟投项目或业务的成败密切相关,参与跟投即视为同意承担投资风险,公司不承诺保本及收益。
海康威视属于国有控股企业,控股股东中国电科集团持股51%。海康威视成立于2001年11月30日,由中国电子科技集团公司第五十二研究所内部研究人员创业组建,海康威视的营业范围从传统安防扩展至智能物联全栈服务,以“感知+AI+大数据+云平台”的技术闭环覆盖公共服务、企业数字化、智慧城市等多元场景。
2015年国务院国资委推动国有企业探索员工持股、跟投等市场化激励机制,海康威视作为国资委系统中国电科集团旗下企业,经上级主管部门同意,在2007年—2011年率先试点核心员工跟投创新业务激励机制,以当时的萤石网络等3个项目进行跟投试点,旨在通过员工出资跟投项目,提升企业创新活力。
跟投项目启动前,海康威视发布跟投业务管理办法,办法规定了创新业务的界定、跟投方式、跟投比例、跟投人员以及退出管理等内容。办法对于创新业务的界定包含两种情形:一是业务投资时间较长,所属行业发展前景存在不确定性,具有较高的风险性及较大的波动性,若进行直接或者间接的投资后,项目有可能推动企业在未来恰当的时机开拓新领域;二是项目投资处于亏损状态,虽然目前未与所属行业产生紧密联系,但预计未来将与行业深度关联,有必要对项目进一步追加投资。
办法规定,为保证海康威视的国资控股权,员工跟投比例不得超过40%。员工跟投采取两种方式:一种是由海康威视的中层及高层的管理人员和核心骨干人员共同出资成立一个跟投平台,该平台强制性跟投海康威视投资的所有创新业务;另一种是由开展创新业务子公司中的核心骨干人员共同出资成立一个新的跟投平台,该平台只能参与特定的创新业务的跟投。
办法还规定,跟投项目在达到业绩目标的情况下,海康威视可以依照市场公允价格对员工持有的股权进行回购,跟投平台也可以对外转让其所持有的创新业务子公司的股权,但海康威视具有特定条件下的优先购买权。如果开展跟投项目的创新业务子公司发展潜力巨大,前景乐观,具备独立上市的条件,海康威视会全力支持该子公司上市[2]
推出跟投管理办法和员工跟投项目后,在近7年时间内,海康威视成功孵化8项创新业务,其中海康机器人已在创业板上市,萤石网络筹划在科创板上市。截至2021年,所有创新业务营业收入均超过10亿元,近三年复合增长率超过40%,为海康威视高质量发展提供了强大动力。
国有企业员工跟投激励机制具有显著优势。首先,将员工个人利益与跟投项目深度挂钩,双方目标一致,能够有效激发员工的创新活力和积极性,增强员工的责任感和长期忠诚度,减少短期行为。其次,能够吸引和留住核心人才,有利于促进企业在战略性新兴产业和创新业务领域发展壮大,推动企业转型升级。最后,有助于优化企业治理结构,通过引入员工投资者,形成多元化的股权结构,提高企业决策的科学性和透明度。
由于国有企业性质的特殊性,实行员工跟投面临着诸多挑战,需要在实践中不断完善和创新。首先,员工跟投实例目前在国有企业中极为有限,缺少国有企业员工跟投运行成熟经验和完备的管理制度。其次,风险控制难度大,员工跟投项目通常具有较高的不确定性和风险性,如何平衡投资激励与风险控制是推行过程中的一大难题。此外,激励效能问题也不容忽视,通常情况下跟投激励一般高于正常工资水平,由于国有企业工资总额受上级主管部门核算控制,所以很有可能因为国有企业工资总额控制的影响,导致激励作用不能够完全体现[3]
为促进国有企业员工跟投机制的健康发展,笔者认为从几个方面着手加强:
第一,完善相关的企业内部管理制度和监管机制。通过与上级主管部门沟通和走访学习具有丰富实践经验的国有企业,界定企业跟投管理的边界,梳理和细化实施方案,为规范开展员工跟投操作提供制度保障。同时,应建立健全监管机制,防范可能出现的利益输送和国有资产流失风险。
第二,严格管控跟投项目全流程运行。首先,明确跟投的核心领域和重点项目,确保与企业的主营业务和长期发展目标紧密联系。其次,系统评估跟投项目的盈利潜力、成长性和风险性,努力争取跟投项目的综合效益最大化。同时,应当结合国有企业的自身特点和业务优势,选择跟投具有战略意义和行业影响力的项目,以发挥国有企业在国家经济社会发展过程中的引领作用。最后,跟投项目还需要考虑企业自身的资金状况和风险承受能力,确保不会增加企业的正常运营压力[4]
第三,加强员工跟投风险管控。在风险控制方面,国有企业应建立健全风险评估和预警机制,对跟投项目进行严格筛选和尽职调查,对跟投项目进行全生命周期的风险管理。可以引入第三方专业机构进行风险评估,提高决策的科学性和客观性。同时,应加强对员工的投资风险教育,提高其风险意识和风险承受能力。在实施过程中,考虑引入风险分担机制,如设立风险准备金或引入保险机制,以降低员工跟投的风险。
第四,建立公平透明的分配机制。在收益分配方面,应建立公平透明的分配机制,确保跟投员工的合法权益。在具体实践中,国有企业可以结合自身实际情况,探索多样化的员工跟投模式,例如“跟投+期权”的组合激励方式,在员工跟投的基础上,给予核心团队一定的期权激励,进一步增强激励效果。此外,还可以探索建立员工跟投基金,由员工自愿出资组建基金,用于投资企业内部的创新项目,从而扩大员工跟投的覆盖面和影响力。
国有企业员工跟投机制作为一种新兴的激励方式,在激发员工积极性、推动业务创新发展和优化企业治理结构方面具有显著优势。未来,随着国有企业改革的不断深化和市场经济体制的完善,员工跟投机制有望在更广泛的领域得到应用。国有企业应根据经营业务和发展战略,积极探索适合自身的员工跟投模式,不断完善激励机制,激发企业创新活力,推动企业高质量发展。同时,有关部门应加强政策引导和风险监管,为推进国有企业员工跟投机制创造良好的宏观环境。
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  • 接收时间:2025-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01
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    1 内蒙古包钢集团铁盈投资有限公司, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司组织人事部, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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