Article(id=1199810035493732932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199810028623458694, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)06-0041-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1659456000000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986603853, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1671897600000, pubDateStr=2022-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986603853, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986603853, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986603853, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199810028623458694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986602216, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764034375076, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200010402584163079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199810028623458694, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200010402584163080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199810028623458694, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=41, endPage=44, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199810035879608909, articleId=1199810035493732932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Analysis on Defects of High Strength Weathering Resistant H-shaped Steel with Heavy Gauge, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The causes of cracks are analyzed through the observation with metalloscope and scanning electron microscopy aiming at the problem that product quality is affected by the microcracks on surfaces of web and flange of Q420NHB weathering resistant H-shaped steel. The results showed that the surface defects of flange were caused by the subcracks and intercrystalline cracks on inner arc of ingot blank, while the surface defects of web were caused by the pressfit of scale on surface of ingot blank during rolling process. The surface quality of weathering resistant H-shaped steel is effectively improved through optimizing the cooling process of crystallizer and rolling technology during continuous casting process.

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针对Q420NHB耐候H型钢在腹板和翼缘表面产生微裂纹,影响产品质量。通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察,分析了裂纹产生的原因。结果表明,翼缘表面缺陷是由于铸坯内弧皮下裂纹及间裂造成的,而腹板表面缺陷是由于在轧制过程中铸坯表面的氧化铁皮压入导致。通过对连铸过程中结晶器冷却工艺以及轧制工艺的优化,有效改善了耐候H型钢表面质量。

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刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

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刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

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刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

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厚规格高强耐候H型钢缺陷分析
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刘丽娟 , 卜向东 , 宋振东 , 王刚 , 赵晓敏 , 杨鲁明 , 惠治国
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(6): 41-44
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(6): 41-44
厚规格高强耐候H型钢缺陷分析
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刘丽娟, 卜向东, 宋振东, 王刚, 赵晓敏, 杨鲁明, 惠治国
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 刘丽娟(1994-),女,山西省大同市人,硕士,现从事型材产品开发工作。

Analysis on Defects of High Strength Weathering Resistant H-shaped Steel with Heavy Gauge
Li-juan Liu, Xiang-dong Bu, Zhen-dong Song, Gang Wang, Xiao-min Zhao, Lu-ming Yang, Zhi-guo Hui
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-12-25
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针对Q420NHB耐候H型钢在腹板和翼缘表面产生微裂纹,影响产品质量。通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察,分析了裂纹产生的原因。结果表明,翼缘表面缺陷是由于铸坯内弧皮下裂纹及间裂造成的,而腹板表面缺陷是由于在轧制过程中铸坯表面的氧化铁皮压入导致。通过对连铸过程中结晶器冷却工艺以及轧制工艺的优化,有效改善了耐候H型钢表面质量。

厚规格H型钢  /  表面缺陷  /  耐候钢

The causes of cracks are analyzed through the observation with metalloscope and scanning electron microscopy aiming at the problem that product quality is affected by the microcracks on surfaces of web and flange of Q420NHB weathering resistant H-shaped steel. The results showed that the surface defects of flange were caused by the subcracks and intercrystalline cracks on inner arc of ingot blank, while the surface defects of web were caused by the pressfit of scale on surface of ingot blank during rolling process. The surface quality of weathering resistant H-shaped steel is effectively improved through optimizing the cooling process of crystallizer and rolling technology during continuous casting process.

H-shaped steel with heavy gauge  /  surface defect  /  weathering resistant steel
刘丽娟, 卜向东, 宋振东, 王刚, 赵晓敏, 杨鲁明, 惠治国. 厚规格高强耐候H型钢缺陷分析. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (6) : 41 -44 .
Li-juan Liu, Xiang-dong Bu, Zhen-dong Song, Gang Wang, Xiao-min Zhao, Lu-ming Yang, Zhi-guo Hui. Analysis on Defects of High Strength Weathering Resistant H-shaped Steel with Heavy Gauge[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (6) : 41 -44 .
近年来,随着越来越多超高层、大跨度建筑的出现,急迫的需要开发出大尺寸的钢结构件[1]。重型热轧H型钢由于不存在焊接热影响区对力学性能的有害影响,在钢结构加工等方面逐渐受到人们的重视,有逐渐取代焊接H型钢的趋势。通过大量的研究和工程试验可以得到,热轧H型钢的力学性能和使用性能都非常好,相比于普通的钢结构材料,前者在截面分配方面优于普通钢材。在钢材的质量保持相同时,热轧H型钢力学性能和抗震性能表现更为优良,能耗方面较低[2]
大气腐蚀作为钢铁材料的主要失效形式之一,每年材料因为大气腐蚀所造成的经济损失巨大。耐候钢又称为耐大气腐蚀钢,它是一种低合金钢,介于普通钢和不锈钢之间。耐候钢是在普碳钢的基础上,添加了少量Cu以及P、Cr、Ni等一些耐腐蚀的元素,促使基体在表面上行成一层保护层,从而提高了其耐大气腐蚀的能力。采用耐候钢作为建筑结构用钢有很多优点,比如可以降低污染、降低建筑成本、提高建筑的安全性和有效利用空间等[3]。由于H型钢采用异形坯轧制,且厚规格H型钢轧制压缩比和变形量小,导致厚规格H型钢在轧制过程中产品表面产生缺陷[4-7]。某公司轨梁厂在生产H618×306×18×35和HW428×407×20×35规格的Q420NHB耐候H型钢时,在腹板和翼缘表面发现大量表面缺陷,严重影响了产品质量。
厚规格高强耐候H型钢翼缘内侧发现类似裂纹的缺陷,同时腹板表面宏观上有舌头状的裂纹,这些缺陷在H型钢的翼缘和腹板上沿轧制方向呈断续点状分布,宏观形貌如图1所示。
采用ZAISS金相显微镜对翼缘内侧及腹板上的缺陷试样截面处进行检测,图2图3是缺陷处在光学显微镜下的微观形貌。图2为翼缘内侧缺陷微观形貌,裂纹深度在0.7 mm以内,裂纹中未见外来夹杂物,且在裂纹周围有大量氧化圆点,靠近裂纹的组织为铁素体,远离裂纹的组织为铁素体和珠光体,裂纹周围存在明显脱碳现象。图3(a)、(b)图1(b)中1号位置的缺陷微观形貌;图3(c)、(d)图1(c)中3号位置的缺陷微观形貌。图3(a)、(b)显示,在裂纹中未见外来夹杂物,且裂纹周围有大量氧化圆点;图3(c)、(d)显示在裂纹周围未见氧化圆点,在裂纹附近的组织为铁素体+珠光体,与基体组织相似,没有出现明显的脱碳现象。
图2所显示的缺陷微观图片中,在裂纹周围出现了氧化圆点,在裂纹内部存在Fe2O3,试样经过4%的硝酸酒精试剂腐蚀后裂纹周围出现脱碳等高温氧化特性,表明缺陷曾经历了高温氧化过程。随后对铸坯进行热酸检验,铸坯内弧翼缘板内侧存在皮下裂纹以及间裂现象,如图4所示,故翼缘缺陷与铸坯内弧皮下裂纹及间裂有关。
为进一步探明图1(b)中裂纹内及周围的形貌和成分,采用扫描电镜对图1(b)中1号位置进行观察,如图5图6所示。能谱分析图5所示裂纹表面的主要元素为Fe、Cu、Ni、Mn、O,而Cu含量达到39.3%,明显超过熔炼成分中0.30%的含量,说明Cu存在严重的富集现象。图6能谱中显示的主要组成元素为O、Fe、Mn、Cr、Si、P,为裂纹周围的氧化圆点成分。由于大工业生产时铸坯在炉时间很难精确控制,铸坯在加热炉中加热时间太久,且在加热炉中温度高于Cu的熔点时,富Cu相会处于熔融状态,在轧制过程会导致表面开裂,形成裂纹缺陷[4]。由此可以得出腹板上的氧化铁皮经轧制开裂,然后由后续轧制道次碾压形成舌头状缺陷。
(1)优化结晶器冷却工艺参数。连铸过程中结晶器弯月面区域的流场分布不均匀,使得坯壳的生长厚度不均匀,横向温度不均匀所产生的横向张应力导致产生纵裂纹。异形铸坯由于断面复杂,各点的散热条件差别较大,产生裂纹的风险也相对较大[8-9]。通过优化连铸过程,调整保护渣的添加时间,同时采用0.7~1.1 m/min恒拉速操作,配合相应的中冷水表,即在较低的拉速、合适的结晶器水流速等条件下结晶器传热效果最佳,以此确定了最优的结晶器冷却参数,从而减少了铸坯表面裂纹和间裂。
(2)优化轧制工艺。Cu元素浸润性最强的温度是在1 100 ℃,此时也很容易沿奥氏体渗透,而且加热时间总时长超过4 h时,会为液态富Cu相的形成提供有利条件,导致部分Cu以液态形式析出。厚规格H型钢轧制时的轧制力较小,部分较重的表面裂纹轧制时未能焊合[4]。采用高温快烧的加热工艺,同时降低加热时间,加热时间控制在3 h左右。加大高压水除鳞压力,采用开轧小压下及孔型优化,减少由于在轧制过程中铸坯表面的氧化铁皮压入造成的裂纹。
通过对结晶器冷却工艺和轧制工艺的优化,耐候H型钢的表面缺陷问题得到解决,成材率由原来的86.55%提高到97.29%,产品表面质量得到大幅改善。
(1)通过优化结晶器冷却工艺参数,降低了铸坯内弧皮下裂纹及间裂,铸坯的表面质量得到改善,从而减轻了H型钢翼缘的裂纹。
(2)通过优化轧制工艺,采用高温快烧的加热工艺,同时缩短加热时间,加大高压水除鳞压力,采用开轧小压下及孔型优化,降低了由于在轧制过程中铸坯表面的氧化铁皮压入造成的裂纹,提高了产品成材率。
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  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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