Article(id=1199809977960464516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)05-0081-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1656864000000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986590137, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1666627200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986590137, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986590137, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986590137, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199809968984650567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986587997, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764034198143, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=81, endPage=84, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199809978363117719, articleId=1199809977960464516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Cause Analysis on Several Types of Typical Piling-up of Steel, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the process of rolling wire rods with Φ5.5 mm and Φ6.5 mm in Long Products Plant, the accident of piling-up of steel is easily to happen at the water cooling section after finishing rolling so that the rhythm of production and output are affected. Its true causes are found out through analyzing its phenomena, morphology and microstructure of its samples with the scanning electron microscope so that the probability of repetitive accidents and its times of piling-up of steel at water cooling section after finishing rolling are reduced. After the rectify and reform, the ratio of piling-up of steel is reduced to 0.013%, cumulative failure time is reduced to 35.8 hours and rejection rate is reduced to 0.027%.

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针对长材厂轧制Φ5.5 mm、Φ6.5 mm线材过程中,精轧后水冷段易发生堆钢事故,影响生产节奏及产量。通过对事故现象及堆钢试样形貌、显微组织及扫描电镜分析,查找事故真正原因,减少了重复性事故的发生几率,降低了精轧后水冷段堆钢次数。整改后堆钢比率降低至0.013%,累计故障时间降低至35.8 h,堆钢造成废品率降低至0.027%。

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赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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几种典型堆钢原因分析
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赵晓敏 1 , 银志军 2 , 吕刚 1 , 高丹 3 , 寇沙沙 1 , 王刚 1 , 杨鲁明 1
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(5): 81-84
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(5): 81-84
几种典型堆钢原因分析
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赵晓敏1, 银志军2, 吕刚1, 高丹3, 寇沙沙1, 王刚1, 杨鲁明1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司长材厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 赵晓敏(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

Cause Analysis on Several Types of Typical Piling-up of Steel
Xiao-min Zhao1, Zhi-jun Yin2, Gang Lv1, Dan Gao3, Sha-sha Kou1, Gang Wang1, Lu-ming Yang1
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Long Products Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-10-25
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针对长材厂轧制Φ5.5 mm、Φ6.5 mm线材过程中,精轧后水冷段易发生堆钢事故,影响生产节奏及产量。通过对事故现象及堆钢试样形貌、显微组织及扫描电镜分析,查找事故真正原因,减少了重复性事故的发生几率,降低了精轧后水冷段堆钢次数。整改后堆钢比率降低至0.013%,累计故障时间降低至35.8 h,堆钢造成废品率降低至0.027%。

线材  /  堆钢  /  原因  /  分析

In the process of rolling wire rods with Φ5.5 mm and Φ6.5 mm in Long Products Plant, the accident of piling-up of steel is easily to happen at the water cooling section after finishing rolling so that the rhythm of production and output are affected. Its true causes are found out through analyzing its phenomena, morphology and microstructure of its samples with the scanning electron microscope so that the probability of repetitive accidents and its times of piling-up of steel at water cooling section after finishing rolling are reduced. After the rectify and reform, the ratio of piling-up of steel is reduced to 0.013%, cumulative failure time is reduced to 35.8 hours and rejection rate is reduced to 0.027%.

wire rod  /  piling-up of steel  /  cause  /  analyze
赵晓敏, 银志军, 吕刚, 高丹, 寇沙沙, 王刚, 杨鲁明. 几种典型堆钢原因分析. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (5) : 81 -84 .
Xiao-min Zhao, Zhi-jun Yin, Gang Lv, Dan Gao, Sha-sha Kou, Gang Wang, Lu-ming Yang. Cause Analysis on Several Types of Typical Piling-up of Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (5) : 81 -84 .
包钢线材生产线主体设备为美国摩根第五代轧机,设计速度为132 m/s,保证速度为105 m/s,生产线材规格为Φ5.5~Φ22 mm,年设计能力65万t,可生产优质碳素钢、焊接用钢、高碳硬线钢、冷镦钢、低碳拉丝用钢、预应力钢棒用盘条、钢绞线用盘条等。全线共32架轧机,包括粗中轧14架,预精轧4架,精轧10架,减定径4架。长材1#线主要以轧制品种钢为主,年生产能力约65万t。在轧制小规格Φ5.5 mm、Φ6.5 mm工业线材过程中,由于设备、钢质以及工艺等原因,在精轧水冷段易发生轧制堆钢事故,生产被迫中断,停轧处理,造成轧制故障时间上升,轧制效率降低,产生废品较多,影响产量和生产节奏。2021年堆钢比率为0.022%,累计造成故障时间60.58 h,堆钢造成废品率0.046%,堆钢造成废品306.83 t。本文结合堆钢事故现场生产工艺、设备,利用失效原因分析手段,通过大量分析高速线材生产过程中精轧后水冷段堆钢试样的形貌、微观组织,总结出几种典型堆钢事故的原因,为事故责任的认定提供依据,并采取相应措施,取得了较好的成效。
通过对线材生产线堆钢试样的形貌、显微组织及扫描电镜分析,总结出三类典型堆钢形貌及造成堆钢的原因,提出改进措施。发生堆钢事故时对堆钢试样进行取样分析,重点取堆钢源区试样,采用LEICA DMIRM型光学显微镜、LEO EVO50HV型扫描电镜对堆钢试样进行金相组织、能谱分析等检验,更为准确地判定事故原因。
取堆钢试样源区进行金相、扫描电镜能谱分析检测,图1是铸坯表面质量缺陷堆钢形貌照片,发现此类堆钢试样微观形貌存在多条裂纹,裂纹尖端附近有高温氧化圆点,内部有氧化铁,表明缺陷曾经历了高温氧化过程。通过对裂纹处能谱分析发现裂纹缝隙处有K、Na、Ca等保护渣的成分。图2是铸坯表面质量缺陷堆钢试样裂纹处扫描及能谱分析照片,判断该类堆钢事故是在连铸过程中液位波动造成的卷渣,缺陷铸坯未及时挑出导致轧钢堆钢。
在同一个结晶器宽度下,由于拉速增大,流股流出水口侧孔的速度和流量增加,流股对结晶器窄面的冲击力也就增大,流股沿窄面向上流动的速度增大,从而导致结晶器液面的表面流动加剧,加剧了结晶器内流体的扰动趋势,因此,拉速波动是引起结晶器液面波动的主要原因之一,且随拉速的增加或降低变剧烈。同时在浇注过程中,连铸操作、水口结瘤等也是引起结晶器液面波动的主要原因[1]。结晶器液面波动是弯月面区卷渣的根源。液面波动为±5 mm时,皮下夹渣深度小于2 mm;液面波动为±10 mm时,皮下夹渣深度小于4 mm,液面波动超过±10 mm时,皮下夹渣深度小于7 mm[2]。而皮下夹渣深度小于2 mm时,铸坯在加热炉加热时这些夹渣可以消除。夹渣深度在2~5 mm时,就必须进行表面清理了。因此保持液面波动小于±5 mm,就可消除卷渣。在结晶器安装了灵敏可靠的液面控制系统,控制液面波动在允许范围内(±5 mm),挑出液位存在波动的铸坯,能有效防止卷渣缺陷,从而避免后续轧制堆钢事故。
取堆钢试样源区进行金相、扫描电镜能谱分析检测,图3是劈头开裂堆钢试样形貌照片。微观形貌发现此类堆钢试样存在多条细小裂纹,裂纹尖端附近部分钢种有明显高温氧化质点(如图4所示),部分钢种无高温氧化质点,内部有氧化铁,经4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀后,部分钢种脱碳现象明显,部分钢种无明显脱碳现象,但均存在晶粒长大现象。结合轧制现场堆钢位置、堆钢形貌及铸坯质量情况,判断该类堆钢事故是由于铸坯内部缺陷造成的,如铸坯中间裂纹、中心裂纹等。
通过分析Q195、SWRCH22A、ML08Al劈头开裂试样,发现较多的劈头开裂现象与铸坯存在中心裂纹、中间裂纹有一定关系。铸坯在连铸二次冷却的过程中,经历不同强度的水冷,铸坯表面、内部会出现不规则的返温和降温。当铸坯表面过度回温导致凝固前沿产生张应力,易将柱状晶拉裂形成内裂纹;铸坯表面降温过大会在凝固前沿形成压应力,并在铸坯表面形成张应力,易导致表面裂纹的产生或扩大原有裂纹。因此,在浇注过程中应保持铸坯的合理冷却,避免过分回温和降温。铸坯表面的回温速率应不大于100 ℃/m,铸坯表面最大温降速率应控制在200 ℃/m以内[3-4]。为避免铸坯缺陷,要采取严格对中支撑辊的方式,连铸机从上到下实行收缩辊缝;控制铸坯鼓肚敏感区;合理的二冷配水制度,保证水嘴的喷水量,定期维护、清洗水嘴;优化工艺参数,得到合适的铸坯表面温度。
取堆钢试样源区进行金相、扫描电镜能谱分析检测,图5是堆钢形貌不规则试样照片。微观形貌发现此类堆钢试样存在单条裂纹,裂纹开口较大,裂纹尖端细小,裂纹尖端及附近都无高温氧化质点,裂纹处的显微组织都伴随不同程度的金属流变,如图6所示,内部有氧化铁,经4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀后,裂纹附近未发现脱碳现象。
此类堆钢事故一般多发生在入精轧到吐丝区域,分析造成此类堆钢原因主要有开裂堆钢、异物压入、上一根坯尾部掉料、精轧导卫磨损、导槽磨损、自动化控制程序、设备参数设定不匹配、设备机械故障等[5]。坯料过烧,在轧制过程中断裂造成堆钢;精轧机成品机架出口导卫安装不正或成品机架辊环松动,造成头部弯头堆钢;由于轧件“掉肉”充塞导卫、轧辊突然断裂或前几道次导卫严重损坏引起堆钢;切头过短或者未切尾导致坯料在轧制过程中掉落,在后期轧制时异物压入导致的堆钢。同时轧辊间、轧槽处有异物,在轧制过程中刮到坯面也会导致堆钢。铸坯端头切割渣太厚,在1#飞剪不能够完全去除,导致切割渣遗留在线材表面上,轧制后期掉落导致堆钢。因此,轧制时要定期检查,更换导槽、轧辊、导卫等,保证轧制的顺畅。
针对三类典型堆钢缺陷形貌进行了详细的分析,确定了堆钢的真正原因,并采取了相应的整改措施,堆钢事故率明显降低,堆钢比率降低至0.013%,累计故障时间降低至35.8 h,堆钢造成废品率降低至0.027%。
(1)通过分析,确定了炼钢铸坯质量和轧制导致堆钢事故的主要原因,并对典型形貌进行分类。
(2)分析事故原因并提出改进措施,最终将堆钢比率降低至0.013%,累计故障时间降低至35.8 h,堆钢造成废品率降低至0.027%。
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2022年第48卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2022-07-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-04
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司长材厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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