Article(id=1199809977079660633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)05-0039-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1653926400000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986589926, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1666627200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986589926, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986589926, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986589926, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199809968984650567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986587997, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764034198143, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=42, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199809977687834742, articleId=1199809977079660633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development of Material Card for Stamping Simulation, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The accuracy of performance characterization for material has crucial influences on the numerical simulation results. In the software CAE, it generally contains the material cards of European mainstream material suppliers and a small number of domestic manufacturers, but due to different material characteristics of each manufacturer, the corresponding material card of material with the same grade shows different data distribution law as well as the criterion of yield and hardening. Thus, it is an indispensable link in such product applications as evaluation of stamping process as well as design and manufacture of mould to accurately characterize the characteristics of their own products and establish own material cards for material manufacturers. In the paper, the test scheme suitable for presenting cold stamping performance is established and data processing method is studied by taking the typical grade DC04 for cold stamping steel as the objective. Finally, the material data card for stamping simulation analysis which could accurately characterize product characteristics of Baotou Steel is developed. After adjust the working condition of stamping based on the calculation guidance of material data card, the stamping process suitable for performance characteristics of sheet matal of Baotou Steel is obtained to ensure the accuracy of simulation technology support and accurately improve the applicability of product.

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材料性能表征的准确度对数值模拟计算结果有着至关重要的影响。在CAE软件中普遍包含有欧洲主流材料商以及少数国内厂商的材料卡片,但由于各厂商材料特性各不一样,对应的同一牌号材料的材料卡片所呈现的数据分布规律及所用屈服、硬化准则各不相同,因此作为材料生产商来讲,准确表征自家产品特性,编制自有材料卡片是冲压工艺评估、模具设计制造等产品应用中不可或缺的环节。文章以包钢冷冲压用钢的典型牌号DC04为对象,制定适用表达冷冲压性能的试验方案,研究数据处理方法,最终开发出能准确表征包钢产品特性的冲压模拟仿真分析用材料数据卡片,根据该材料卡的计算指导,冲压工况调整后,得到适用于包钢板料性能特性的冲压工艺,保证模拟技术支持的准确性,并精准提高产品适用性。

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王亚男(1992-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事数值模拟研究及金属材料失效分析。

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王亚男(1992-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事数值模拟研究及金属材料失效分析。

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王亚男(1992-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事数值模拟研究及金属材料失效分析。

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编号 Rt0.3/MPa Rm/MPa A80/% n10-13 r13
1#-1-T 144.44 293.99 43.88 0.24 2.73
1#-1-L 140.21 293.33 43.13 0.24 2.34
1#-1-J 147.41 301.98 43.42 0.23 2.12
1#-2-T 143.80 293.88 44.42 0.24 2.77
1#-2-L 139.34 298.43 43.83 0.24 2.43
1#-2-J 144.90 304.33 43.32 0.23 2.04
2#-1-T 142.98 292.82 43.44 0.24 2.70
2#-1-L 138.94 294.93 43.94 0.24 2.41
2#-1-J 144.72 301.74 43.48 0.23 2.12
2#-2-T 140.72 297.41 43.83 0.24 2.73
2#-2-L 140.89 298.70 43.47 0.24 2.54
2#-2-J 147.34 304.42 44.08 0.23 2.08
3#-1-T 139.11 297.74 45.12 0.24 2.72
3#-1-L 139.08 297.89 43.20 0.24 2.72
3#-1-J 144.97 304.14 43.89 0.23 2.41
3#-2-T 143.31 293.27 44.44 0.24 2.94
3#-2-L 140.33 298.03 43.83 0.24 2.79
3#-2-J 149.39 292.81 49.72 0.24 2.38
), ArticleFig(id=1200030240559956451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809977079660633, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 Rt0.3/MPa Rm/MPa A80/% n10-13 r13
1#-1-T 144.44 293.99 43.88 0.24 2.73
1#-1-L 140.21 293.33 43.13 0.24 2.34
1#-1-J 147.41 301.98 43.42 0.23 2.12
1#-2-T 143.80 293.88 44.42 0.24 2.77
1#-2-L 139.34 298.43 43.83 0.24 2.43
1#-2-J 144.90 304.33 43.32 0.23 2.04
2#-1-T 142.98 292.82 43.44 0.24 2.70
2#-1-L 138.94 294.93 43.94 0.24 2.41
2#-1-J 144.72 301.74 43.48 0.23 2.12
2#-2-T 140.72 297.41 43.83 0.24 2.73
2#-2-L 140.89 298.70 43.47 0.24 2.54
2#-2-J 147.34 304.42 44.08 0.23 2.08
3#-1-T 139.11 297.74 45.12 0.24 2.72
3#-1-L 139.08 297.89 43.20 0.24 2.72
3#-1-J 144.97 304.14 43.89 0.23 2.41
3#-2-T 143.31 293.27 44.44 0.24 2.94
3#-2-L 140.33 298.03 43.83 0.24 2.79
3#-2-J 149.39 292.81 49.72 0.24 2.38
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王亚男 , 刘妍 , 刘恩泽 , 路璐 , 朱师伟 , 姜秉坤
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(5): 39-42
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(5): 39-42
冲压模拟用材料卡片开发
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王亚男, 刘妍, 刘恩泽, 路璐, 朱师伟, 姜秉坤
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 王亚男(1992-),女,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事数值模拟研究及金属材料失效分析。

Development of Material Card for Stamping Simulation
Ya-nan Wang, Yan Liu, En-ze Liu, Lu Lu, Shi-wei Zhu, Bing-kun Jiang
Affiliations
  • Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-10-25
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材料性能表征的准确度对数值模拟计算结果有着至关重要的影响。在CAE软件中普遍包含有欧洲主流材料商以及少数国内厂商的材料卡片,但由于各厂商材料特性各不一样,对应的同一牌号材料的材料卡片所呈现的数据分布规律及所用屈服、硬化准则各不相同,因此作为材料生产商来讲,准确表征自家产品特性,编制自有材料卡片是冲压工艺评估、模具设计制造等产品应用中不可或缺的环节。文章以包钢冷冲压用钢的典型牌号DC04为对象,制定适用表达冷冲压性能的试验方案,研究数据处理方法,最终开发出能准确表征包钢产品特性的冲压模拟仿真分析用材料数据卡片,根据该材料卡的计算指导,冲压工况调整后,得到适用于包钢板料性能特性的冲压工艺,保证模拟技术支持的准确性,并精准提高产品适用性。

冲压成形  /  材料卡片  /  性能表征  /  数值模拟  /  AUTOFORM

The accuracy of performance characterization for material has crucial influences on the numerical simulation results. In the software CAE, it generally contains the material cards of European mainstream material suppliers and a small number of domestic manufacturers, but due to different material characteristics of each manufacturer, the corresponding material card of material with the same grade shows different data distribution law as well as the criterion of yield and hardening. Thus, it is an indispensable link in such product applications as evaluation of stamping process as well as design and manufacture of mould to accurately characterize the characteristics of their own products and establish own material cards for material manufacturers. In the paper, the test scheme suitable for presenting cold stamping performance is established and data processing method is studied by taking the typical grade DC04 for cold stamping steel as the objective. Finally, the material data card for stamping simulation analysis which could accurately characterize product characteristics of Baotou Steel is developed. After adjust the working condition of stamping based on the calculation guidance of material data card, the stamping process suitable for performance characteristics of sheet matal of Baotou Steel is obtained to ensure the accuracy of simulation technology support and accurately improve the applicability of product.

stamping forming  /  material card  /  performance characterization  /  numerical simulation  /  AUTOFORM
王亚男, 刘妍, 刘恩泽, 路璐, 朱师伟, 姜秉坤. 冲压模拟用材料卡片开发. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (5) : 39 -42 .
Ya-nan Wang, Yan Liu, En-ze Liu, Lu Lu, Shi-wei Zhu, Bing-kun Jiang. Development of Material Card for Stamping Simulation[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (5) : 39 -42 .
钢铁材料中的薄板,特别是深冲板,是汽车原料用的最为广泛和最重要的材料,可以说一辆汽车质量的好坏和它所用到板材的深冲性能的好坏是息息相关的[1]。CAE分析技术的引入和成熟,改变了传统研究模式,使得样本的性能在使用之初就得到了实际使用过程的检验和优化,提高了主机厂等用户设计车型的成功性和可靠性,缩短了开发周期,节约了开发成本,但与此同时也对仿真分析阶段的数据输入提出了更高的要求。
开发数值模拟用材料卡片是高效表征材料适用过程的有效方法,目前国内各大主机厂使用的材料数据卡主要是CAE软件公司基于国外主流板材生产商所标定的数据,国内仅有宝钢、首钢少量的板材数据,而即使同一牌号板材,各厂家供应的材料也都有着各自的特性,应用该材料数据卡进行CAE模拟分析时,模拟预判风险项与实际调试问题产生偏差,就给产品初期评审、供应商工艺审核、现场问题调试的技术支持带来了很大的麻烦[2]。开发自有材料卡片,准确表征产品特性并提供给用户,带入前期产品设计,是产品应用的重要环节。
包钢的钢铁产业已形成1 650万t以上铁、钢、材配套能力,是中西部地区最大的板材生产基地。其中汽车钢生产线于2011年开始筹建,是包钢发挥稀土资源优势、进行结构调整转型升级的重点方向。目前可实现780 MPa冷成形、980 MPa热成形各种牌号汽车板产品批量生产供货,产品相继通过一汽、东风、奇瑞、长城等知名车企认证。技术团队经过多项检测并进行数据拟合计算和屈服准则的选用,最终成功编辑制作出对应的材料卡片,并建立了包钢自有的CAE仿真材料数据库,为客户车型设计阶段、试模试料阶段提供包钢板材的数据支持。
选定研究对象为0.5 mm DC04钢板,调用包钢自有ERP系统的批量统计数据,选取该规格近一年共390组出厂数据(板宽方向1/4处取样),制作直方图查看性能集中分布情况,可用于指导选取具有典型性的完整试验数据及原始数据。对比产品性能分布图,直方图中分布面积90%所含的屈服强度分布域为138~146 MPa,抗拉强度分布域为290~305 MPa,伸长率分布域为41.0%~47.0%,r90分布域为2.7~3.1。
开展有限元分析所需各项材料参数试验。在应用CAE技术模拟分析时,评判成形性的几个重要指标有开裂、起皱、减薄、失效、滑移线等,而这些评价结果主要是由材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、n值、r值、成形时的摩擦系数所决定的。在评价成形性时,多结合成形极限曲线(FLC曲线)对结果进行评价。利用实验室现有试验设备开展单向拉伸性能试验,获得拉伸试验的三方向屈服强度、抗拉强度、n值、r值等原始数据。
为验证板材宽度方向分布差异性,在板料宽度方向边部、心部、1/4处(图1)分别取三方向试样(图2),进行单轴拉伸试验,并对不同部位试样进行编号,边部试样为1#,心部试样为2#,1/4处试样为3#,随机两组取样进行试验。
采用GB/T 228—2002《金属材料室温拉伸试验方法》[3]开展试验,对得到的试验特征值进行汇总,见表1。对比板宽方向不同部位的相同方向的数据分布情况,数据均处于直方图分布域内且差异较小,数据分布与板料宽度方向的不同部位没有明显的规律性。因此可取与直方图中最接近正态分布期望值的一组完整试验数据作为材料卡片开发的基准,最终选择3#-1T(横向)、3#-1L(纵向)、3#-1-J(45°方向)。
材料在塑性成形过程中屈服应力增加的行为叫做硬化,通常用硬化曲线来描述塑性变形过程中的硬化行为,需由单轴拉伸试验所获得的工程应力—应变曲线拟合而成。将以上材料试验所获得的特征数据3#-1所包含的三个方向拉伸试验得到的原始数据进行处理,得到真实应力—应变曲线,将原始数据编辑为*.dat格式文件,将以上原始数据带入各硬化模型进行对比,在Hollomon、Voce、Swift、Hockett Sherby、Swift/Hockett Sherby、Ghosh、Voce-Voce、Combined、Combined(Free)中得到包钢超低碳钢拟合最为准确的是Swift/Hockett Sherby模型,可充分利用Swift、Hockett Sherby对于前段和后段曲线的拟合优势,增强整体曲线的吻合度。采用Swift/Hockett Sherby模型进行数据拟合,获得计算所需的硬化曲线,图3为拟合硬化曲线截图,图4为各拟合模型得到的不同硬化曲线。
材料屈服面可以反映材料在受力情况下的流动状态(见图4)。针对AUTOFORM软件中所支持的三个屈服模型以及本组试验数据情况,选择使用BBC屈服准则,采用导入0°、45°、90°三个方向的初始屈服应力和r值计算屈服面,Biaxial相关数据选用Vegter2017进行拟合计算得出,计算结果截图见图5
基础物理参数采用常用值,不进行特别修改,即杨氏模量为2.1×105 MPa,泊松比为0.3,特有比重为7.68×10-5 MPa/mm,热膨胀系数为3.64 mJ/(mm3·K)。润滑文件采用包钢自有润滑文件Baotou steel.Lub,失效判据采用“Steel-for-cold-forming-default”文件。
采用Arcelor V9规则,将对应的90°下屈服强度及均匀延伸率修改为真实数据,材料卡厚度设定为0.5 mm。
将开发完成的材料卡片代入此前计算案例进行验证。根据实际跟踪时零件生产工况,某竞品板料冲压该零件时各典型风险区域减薄率低于包钢该批次板料,此前计算结果显示在同一工况下,该竞品板料与包钢板料(使用AUTOFORM自有材料卡根据包钢质保书性能带入)的典型风险区域减薄率相近,说明AUTOFORM自有材料卡不适用表征包钢板料特性,图6为计算结果截图。
随后带入新开发的包钢材料卡片,计算结果显示在该工况下包钢板料成形风险较高,与实际情况相符,验证了自行开发材料卡的准确性。图7为带入新开发的包钢材料卡片计算结果截图。
由于此前计算显示两家产品对该工况的适应性相似,故工况调整方向不明确。本轮自有材料卡开发完成后,根据该材料卡的计算指导,开展现场模具调试,得到适用于包钢板料性能特性的冲压工艺,后续供货状态良好。
(1)通过对目标牌号材料量产数据的分布情况分析,制定完整的试验数据采集方案,研究板料宽度方向三个方向性能的差异程度,并选择具有代表性的整套原始数据进行数据处理,完成了对包钢板料特性的表征,最终成功开发出适用于AUTOFORM使用的成形模拟用材料卡片。
(2)选择实地跟踪及计算的案例,验证了材料卡的准确性。根据本次开发的精确计算的材料卡,准确指导冲压工况调整,后续供货使用性能得到改善,用户反馈良好。
参考文献 引证文献
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刘莉. 冷轧深冲板退火工艺和组织性能研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉科技大学, 2009.
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高硕遥, 涂小文, 张慧彬, 等. 汽车白车身冷冲压用材料数据库定制方法研究[J]. 汽车工业研究, 2017,(3):28-33.
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GB/T 288—2002,金属材料室温拉伸试验方法[S].
2022年第48卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2022-05-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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