Article(id=1199809976320491580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)05-0065-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1658937600000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986589745, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1666627200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986589745, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986589745, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986589745, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199809968984650567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986587997, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764034198143, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=65, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199809976697978956, articleId=1199809976320491580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Optimizing Mn Content of U71Mn Rail of Baotou Steel, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve product quality and strengthen quality monitoring of high speed rail, the chemical composition of U71Mn rail is optimized, Mn content in steel is reduced and rolling process is controlled as well as the trial productions are carried out for such whole series of sections as 60 N, 60 kg/m, 50 kg/m, QU120, QU100 and QU80 of U71Mn. The results showed that the tensile strength was reduced by 7.2 MPa and mean value reached 950 MPa, tread hardness (HB) was reduced by 2.8 and mean value reached 269.2 as well as elongation is basically unchanged by comparing the performances of U71Mn rail with those before optimization. Moreover, the ideal perlite structure is obtained, performances of rail could all meet the standard requirements and is with enough margin so that the effects are better.

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为改善产品质量,加强高速钢轨质量监控,对U71Mn钢轨化学成分进行优化,降低钢中Mn含量,同时控制轧制工艺,在U71Mn 60N、60 kg/m、50 kg/m、QU120、QU100、QU80等全系列断面进行试制。结果表明:Mn含量优化后U71Mn钢轨性能与优化前U71Mn钢轨比较,U71Mn钢轨抗拉强度较优化前降低7.2 MPa,均值达到950 MPa,踏面硬度降低2.8,均值达到269.2,延伸率基本不变,获得理想的珠光体组织,钢轨性能均能满足标准要求,并且具有足够富余量,取得了较好的效果。

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董 捷(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轨新产品开发工作。

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董 捷(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轨新产品开发工作。

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董 捷(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轨新产品开发工作。

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U71Mn钢轨闪光焊接头暗色灰斑成因及消除方法[J]. 铁道技术监督, 2020, 38(6):38-42., articleTitle=U71Mn钢轨闪光焊接头暗色灰斑成因及消除方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200030239591072207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=TB/T 2344—2012,43 kg/m-75 kg/m钢轨订货技术条件, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TB/T 2344—2012,43 kg/m-75 kg/m钢轨订货技术条件[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200030239674958292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=128, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=丁韦, 李力, 赵国, journalName=铁道建筑, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁韦, 李力, 赵国, 等. 钢轨闪光焊灰斑缺陷形成原因及预防方法[J]. 铁道建筑, 2018,(10):128-131., articleTitle=钢轨闪光焊灰斑缺陷形成原因及预防方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200030239758844375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=吴九阳, journalName=铁道技术监督, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴九阳. 钢轨闪光焊接亮灰斑的成因与消除[J]. 铁道技术监督, 2014, 42(6):29-32., articleTitle=钢轨闪光焊接亮灰斑的成因与消除, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200030239842730458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=83, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=王亮明, journalName=焊接质量控制与管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王亮明. 钢轨闪光焊接头探伤异常的设备和工艺因素[J]. 焊接质量控制与管理, 2018,(12):83-86., articleTitle=钢轨闪光焊接头探伤异常的设备和工艺因素, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, 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钢种 C Si Mn P S Al
U71Mn铁标标准要求 0.65~0.80 0.15~0.58 0.70~1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.010
U71Mn 0.69~0.75 0.30~0.40 1.00~1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.010
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U71Mn化学成分技术要求(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢种 C Si Mn P S Al
U71Mn铁标标准要求 0.65~0.80 0.15~0.58 0.70~1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.010
U71Mn 0.69~0.75 0.30~0.40 1.00~1.20 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.010
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抗拉强度Rm
/MPa
断后伸长率A
/%
轨头顶面中心线
硬度(HBW)
≥880 ≥10 260~300
), ArticleFig(id=1200030238286643609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

U71Mn力学性能技术要求

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗拉强度Rm
/MPa
断后伸长率A
/%
轨头顶面中心线
硬度(HBW)
≥880 ≥10 260~300
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钢种 化学成分(质量分数)/% 力学性能
C Si Mn P S 抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
延伸率A
/%
踏面硬度
(HBW)
包钢U71Mn 0.71 0.35 1.10 0.017 0.002 957.4 12.1 272.0
攀钢U71Mn 0.73 0.39 0.96 0.015 0.008 970.0 12.2 273.6
武钢U71Mn 0.71 0.38 0.96 0.015 0.006 945.7 13.8 274.0
邯钢U71Mn 0.71 0.36 1.01 0.015 0.002 1 040.0 14.0 280.4
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钢轨生产企业U71Mn化学成分及力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢种 化学成分(质量分数)/% 力学性能
C Si Mn P S 抗拉强度
Rm/MPa
延伸率A
/%
踏面硬度
(HBW)
包钢U71Mn 0.71 0.35 1.10 0.017 0.002 957.4 12.1 272.0
攀钢U71Mn 0.73 0.39 0.96 0.015 0.008 970.0 12.2 273.6
武钢U71Mn 0.71 0.38 0.96 0.015 0.006 945.7 13.8 274.0
邯钢U71Mn 0.71 0.36 1.01 0.015 0.002 1 040.0 14.0 280.4
), ArticleFig(id=1200030238685102504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Al
0.70~0.75 0.30~0.40 0.90~0.99 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.004
), ArticleFig(id=1200030238819320238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

低锰U71Mn化学成分控制要求(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Al
0.70~0.75 0.30~0.40 0.90~0.99 ≤0.025 ≤0.025 ≤0.004
), ArticleFig(id=1200030238949343665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 C Si Mn P S
低锰U71Mn 0.72 0.37 0.95 0.016 0.003
U71Mn 0.72 0.35 1.06 0.017 0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1200030239045812663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

低锰U71Mn与U71Mn化学成分比较(质量分数) %

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 C Si Mn P S
低锰U71Mn 0.72 0.37 0.95 0.016 0.003
U71Mn 0.72 0.35 1.06 0.017 0.003
), ArticleFig(id=1200030239234556350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 抗拉强度Rm
/MPa
延伸率A
/%
踏面硬度
(HBW)
低锰U71Mn 950.0 11.7 269.2
U71Mn 957.2 12.3 272.0
), ArticleFig(id=1200030239326831043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809976320491580, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

低锰U71Mn钢轨与U71Mn钢轨性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 抗拉强度Rm
/MPa
延伸率A
/%
踏面硬度
(HBW)
低锰U71Mn 950.0 11.7 269.2
U71Mn 957.2 12.3 272.0
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包钢U71Mn钢轨Mn含量优化研究
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董捷 1 , 梁正伟 1 , 王永明 2 , 郝振宇 3 , 李永强 4 , 魏轶彬 3
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(5): 65-69
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(5): 65-69
包钢U71Mn钢轨Mn含量优化研究
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董捷1, 梁正伟1, 王永明2, 郝振宇3, 李永强4, 魏轶彬3
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司总工室, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 4 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司轨梁厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 董 捷(1987-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事钢轨新产品开发工作。

Study on Optimizing Mn Content of U71Mn Rail of Baotou Steel
Jie Dong1, Zheng-wei Liang1, Yong-ming Wang2, Zhen-yu Hao3, Yong-qiang Li4, Yi-bin Wei3
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Chief Engineer Office of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 4 Rail and Beam Rolling Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-10-25
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为改善产品质量,加强高速钢轨质量监控,对U71Mn钢轨化学成分进行优化,降低钢中Mn含量,同时控制轧制工艺,在U71Mn 60N、60 kg/m、50 kg/m、QU120、QU100、QU80等全系列断面进行试制。结果表明:Mn含量优化后U71Mn钢轨性能与优化前U71Mn钢轨比较,U71Mn钢轨抗拉强度较优化前降低7.2 MPa,均值达到950 MPa,踏面硬度降低2.8,均值达到269.2,延伸率基本不变,获得理想的珠光体组织,钢轨性能均能满足标准要求,并且具有足够富余量,取得了较好的效果。

钢轨  /  U71Mn  /  Mn含量

In order to improve product quality and strengthen quality monitoring of high speed rail, the chemical composition of U71Mn rail is optimized, Mn content in steel is reduced and rolling process is controlled as well as the trial productions are carried out for such whole series of sections as 60 N, 60 kg/m, 50 kg/m, QU120, QU100 and QU80 of U71Mn. The results showed that the tensile strength was reduced by 7.2 MPa and mean value reached 950 MPa, tread hardness (HB) was reduced by 2.8 and mean value reached 269.2 as well as elongation is basically unchanged by comparing the performances of U71Mn rail with those before optimization. Moreover, the ideal perlite structure is obtained, performances of rail could all meet the standard requirements and is with enough margin so that the effects are better.

rail  /  U71Mn  /  Mn content
董捷, 梁正伟, 王永明, 郝振宇, 李永强, 魏轶彬. 包钢U71Mn钢轨Mn含量优化研究. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (5) : 65 -69 .
Jie Dong, Zheng-wei Liang, Yong-ming Wang, Zhen-yu Hao, Yong-qiang Li, Yi-bin Wei. Study on Optimizing Mn Content of U71Mn Rail of Baotou Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (5) : 65 -69 .
随着我国铁路运营里程的增加,加速了社会经济发展,也对钢轨的生产及品质提出更高的要求。U71Mn钢轨具有高强韧性和抗疲劳性等优点,被广泛应用于我国铁路中。对比多家钢轨生产企业U71Mn化学成分,包钢U71Mn钢轨的Mn含量相对于其他钢厂较高,Mn含量较高虽然能增强钢轨淬透性,提高钢轨强度,但同时也会对钢轨使用性能造成很多不良影响。由于钢轨Mn、S含量较高,容易导致钢轨母材中MnS夹杂物较多,钢轨在承受载荷时容易产生微裂纹[1],Mn含量较高还会严重影响钢轨的焊接性能。本文主要对U71Mn钢轨化学成分进行合理优化,控制轧制工艺,对优化前后的U71Mn钢轨性能进行对比及系统分析。文中较多次提到优化成分前后的U71Mn钢轨,为便于区分,优化成分之前的U71Mn钢轨简称为U71Mn,优化成分后的U71Mn钢轨简称为低锰U71Mn。
参考TB/T 2344—2020铁道行业标准[2],U71Mn钢轨化学成分及力学性能的技术要求如表1表2所示。
对比其他钢轨生产企业,包钢U71Mn钢轨C含量与其他钢厂基本相同,比攀钢稍低。Mn含量较高,高出0.10%~0.15%,而抗拉强度与攀钢、武钢U71Mn钢轨相比较低,踏面硬度与攀钢、武钢基本相同,具体化学成分及性能见表3
U71Mn钢轨化学成分主要是C、Si、Mn。足够的C含量保证钢轨组织中的珠光体百分比,随着C含量提高,钢轨的珠光体含量增多,强度增加,耐磨性提高但韧塑性下降。C含量过低,珠光体含量下降,铁素体含量增加,将导致钢轨整体强度和硬度都会下降。C含量过高后,影响钢轨焊接性能。Si元素能够强化和提高钢轨的强度、硬度和耐磨性。包钢U71Mn钢轨Mn含量较高,增强了钢轨淬透性,提高钢轨强度的同时也会对钢轨性能造成很多不良影响。由于Mn含量及S含量较高,导致钢轨母材中存在MnS夹杂物较多[3],钢轨在承受载荷时容易产生微裂纹,Mn含量较高在钢轨焊缝处形成灰斑的几率增大[4],也容易形成显微偏析,钢轨焊接过热区容易形成马氏体组织,严重影响焊接性能[5]。本文对U71Mn钢轨化学成分进行优化,降低钢轨中Mn含量,Mn含量降低0.10%~0.21%,具体成分见表4
低锰U71Mn钢轨主要生产工序为冶炼、连铸、轧制,具体工艺流程如下。
铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→LF精炼→VD真空处理→连铸→加热→轧制→矫直→探伤→检查→加工→入库。
低锰U71Mn钢轨的金相组织为珠光体+少量铁素体。在保证稳定轧制的同时,获得所需尺寸的奥氏体晶粒,加热温度控制在1 200~1 280 ℃。为了保证钢轨晶粒尺寸大小及强度、硬度相关性能,采用相对较低的轧制温度,终轧温度不大于930 ℃。
对低锰U71Mn钢轨各元素的化学成分分布进行统计,可以看出C含量基本未发生变化,Mn含量降低0.11%,见图1
基于图1分析,低锰U71Mn C含量主要分布于0.71%~0.73%,均值0.72%;Si含量主要分布于0.34%~0.39%,均值0.37%;Mn含量主要分布于0.94%~0.96%,均值0.95%;P含量主要分布于0.012%~0.018%,均值0.016%;S含量主要分布于0.001%~0.003%,均值0.003%。
与U71Mn成分比较,低锰U71Mn较U71Mn钢轨C含量基本不变,Mn含量降低大约0.11个百分点,从1.04%~1.06%降低到0.94%~0.96%,Mn含量均值从1.06%降低到0.95%,见表5
将低锰U71Mn与U71Mn钢轨抗拉强度、踏面硬度进行统计及分析,用柱状图表示各性能阶段所占的百分比,可见性能变化的总趋势,分别见图2图3
图2所示,低锰U71Mn及U71Mn钢轨抗拉强度均主要集中在940~970 MPa之间,U71Mn抗拉强度在950~960 MPa最多,占总量的21.3%;低锰U71Mn钢轨抗拉强度明显下降,在940~950 MPa最多,占总量的33%。
图3所示,低锰U71Mn与U71Mn钢轨硬度(HBW)均集中在265~280之间,U71Mn踏面硬度在270~275占比最多,达到37.8%;低锰U71Mn钢轨踏面硬度(HBW)明显下降,265~270占比最多,达到40%,低锰U71Mn钢轨踏面硬度在均值为269.2,较U71Mn钢轨均值降低2.8。优化后钢轨踏面硬度满足标准要求。
总体分析,低锰U71Mn钢轨与U71Mn钢轨相比较,抗拉强度均值降低7.2 MPa,踏面硬度(HBW)降低2.8,延伸率降低0.6%。低锰钢轨性能满足标准要求,并且有足够的富余量,具体数值见表6
对2020年全年生产950炉U71Mn的成分与性能的关系进行分析,做出Mn含量与踏面硬度及抗拉强度关系图,见图4图5。Mn含量与踏面硬度和强度呈对应关系,Mn含量越高,硬度越大,强度越高。因此优化钢轨化学成分降低Mn含量,抗拉强度与硬度均有所降低,符合对应关系。
从轨头、轨腰、轨底三角区取样进行金相检验,均得到理想珠光体组织,未见异常组织,满足标准要求,见图6
低锰U71Mn钢轨共试制91炉,共计13 650 t,其中包含U71Mn、U71MnG(B),涉及60 kg/m、60 N、50 kg/m、QU80、QU100、QU120等规格,强度、硬度等性能均能满足标准要求,并且有足够的富余量。
(1)优化后U71Mn钢轨化学成分较优化前U71Mn钢轨Mn含量均值降低0.11个百分点,抗拉强度较常规U71Mn降低7.2 MPa,踏面硬度HBW降低2.8,延伸率稍有降低,但U71Mn性能均能满足标准要求,并且具有足够的富余量。
(2)对比其他钢轨生产企业,包钢U71Mn钢轨Mn含量较其他钢厂略高,通过合理优化U71Mn钢轨成分,控制轧制工艺,成功生产Mn含量较低的U71Mn钢轨,性能满足标准要求。
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  • 接收时间:2022-07-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-28
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司总工室, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    4 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司轨梁厂, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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