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Article(id=1199809975943004211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)05-0005-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1654790400000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986589656, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1666627200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986589656, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986589656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986589656, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199809968984650567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1666627200000', pubDateStr='2022-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986587997, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1764034198143, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199809976333074493, articleId=1199809975943004211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Amount of Aluminum Deoxidizer on Cleanness of High Grade Pipeline Steel, columnId=1187100783049851249, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Expert Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aluminum is often used as the deoxidizer in production process of slab. In the theoretical thermodynamic calculation, the amount of aluminum deoxidizer could keep dynamic equilibrium of aluminum and oxygen in liquid steel within limits. If beyond the limit, the surplus aluminum forms non-metallic inclusions so that the cleanness of molten steel is deteriorated and the performances of steel are affected. In the paper, it is analyzed and studied the changes of amount and size for inclusions with different amounts of deoxidizer in converter through industrial tests by taking the L415M steel as an example, elaborated the effects of reducing the amount of deoxidizer on inclusions in the whole production process of high grade pipeline steel. The ratio of inclusions (Class B) less than grade 2 in rolled products is increased from 96.8% to 99.83% by proposing the optimization scheme for controlling the cleanness of molten steel.

, authors=null, authorsList=Huai-jun Zhang, Yin Zhang, Chun-peng Han, Zhi-cheng Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199809978153402511, articleId=1199809975943004211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=CN, title=铝系脱氧剂用量对高级别管线钢洁净度的影响, columnId=1185887584006844505, journalTitle=包钢科技, columnName=专家论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

板坯生产工艺中多使用铝作为脱氧剂。在理论热力学计算中,铝脱氧剂用量在一定范围内保持钢液中铝和氧之间的动态平衡,超过这个范围,多余的铝生成非金属夹杂物,恶化钢水洁净度,影响钢材性能。文章以L415M钢种为例,通过工业化试验分析研究了转炉工序不同脱氧剂用量夹杂物数量、尺寸的变化,阐明了减少脱氧剂用量对高级别管线钢生产工艺全流程夹杂物的影响。通过提出钢水洁净度控制优化方案,轧材中B类夹杂物小于2级比率从96.8%提高到99.83%。

, authors=

张怀军(1968-),男,河北省蛟河县人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事炼钢技术工作。

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张怀军(1968-),男,河北省蛟河县人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事炼钢技术工作。

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张怀军(1968-),男,河北省蛟河县人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事炼钢技术工作。

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组别 熔炼号 终点碳含量
/%		 终点氧含量
/%		 铝铁铝含量
/%		 理论脱氧剂
加入量/kg		 实际脱氧剂
加入量/kg
原工艺 4994 0.030 0.081 2 40 1 331 1 408
试验工艺 5242 0.033 0.076 7 40 1 301 1 266
试验工艺 4762 0.040 0.058 8 40 1 073 1 174
试验工艺 4996 0.035 0.070 1 40 1 227 1 269
试验工艺 4763 0.038 0.062 8 40 1 130 1 189
), ArticleFig(id=1200030235568730848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809975943004211, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

第一次两组试验生产数据对比

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组别 熔炼号 终点碳含量
/%		 终点氧含量
/%		 铝铁铝含量
/%		 理论脱氧剂
加入量/kg		 实际脱氧剂
加入量/kg
原工艺 4994 0.030 0.081 2 40 1 331 1 408
试验工艺 5242 0.033 0.076 7 40 1 301 1 266
试验工艺 4762 0.040 0.058 8 40 1 073 1 174
试验工艺 4996 0.035 0.070 1 40 1 227 1 269
试验工艺 4763 0.038 0.062 8 40 1 130 1 189
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试样 0~10 μm 10~20 μm 20~50 μm 50~100 μm >100 μm
就位空白 23 3 5 1 0
就位试验 17 3 0 0 0
离位空白 26 3 3 3 0
离位试验 22 13 6 3 1
中包空白 13 5 1 0 1
中包试验 8 11 4 0 0
坯空白 50 4 1 0 0
坯试验 36 4 0 0 0
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各工位夹杂物尺寸、数量统计 个

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试样 0~10 μm 10~20 μm 20~50 μm 50~100 μm >100 μm
就位空白 23 3 5 1 0
就位试验 17 3 0 0 0
离位空白 26 3 3 3 0
离位试验 22 13 6 3 1
中包空白 13 5 1 0 1
中包试验 8 11 4 0 0
坯空白 50 4 1 0 0
坯试验 36 4 0 0 0
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熔炼号 硫化物
(A)		 硫化物
(Ae)		 氧化物
(B)		 氧化物
(Be)		 硅酸盐
(C)		 硅酸盐
(Ce)		 球状氧化物
(D)		 球状氧化物
(De)
4994 0 0 1.5 0 0 0 1 0
5242 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
4762 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
4996 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1 0
4763 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
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夹杂物评级统计级 级

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熔炼号 硫化物
(A)		 硫化物
(Ae)		 氧化物
(B)		 氧化物
(Be)		 硅酸盐
(C)		 硅酸盐
(Ce)		 球状氧化物
(D)		 球状氧化物
(De)
4994 0 0 1.5 0 0 0 1 0
5242 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
4762 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
4996 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 1 0
4763 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
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铝系脱氧剂用量对高级别管线钢洁净度的影响
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张怀军 1 , 张胤 1 , 韩春鹏 1 , 李志成 2
包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2022,48(5): 5-9
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包钢科技 |专家论坛 2022 , 48 (5) : 5 -9
铝系脱氧剂用量对高级别管线钢洁净度的影响
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张怀军(1968-),男,河北省蛟河县人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事炼钢技术工作。

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张怀军(1968-),男,河北省蛟河县人,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事炼钢技术工作。

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张怀军1, 张胤1, 韩春鹏1, 李志成2
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司, 内蒙古 包头 014010
Effects of Amount of Aluminum Deoxidizer on Cleanness of High Grade Pipeline Steel
Huai-jun Zhang1, Yin Zhang1, Chun-peng Han1, Zhi-cheng Li2
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-10-25
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板坯生产工艺中多使用铝作为脱氧剂。在理论热力学计算中,铝脱氧剂用量在一定范围内保持钢液中铝和氧之间的动态平衡,超过这个范围,多余的铝生成非金属夹杂物,恶化钢水洁净度,影响钢材性能。文章以L415M钢种为例,通过工业化试验分析研究了转炉工序不同脱氧剂用量夹杂物数量、尺寸的变化,阐明了减少脱氧剂用量对高级别管线钢生产工艺全流程夹杂物的影响。通过提出钢水洁净度控制优化方案,轧材中B类夹杂物小于2级比率从96.8%提高到99.83%。

脱氧剂  /  夹杂物  /  洁净度

The aluminum is often used as the deoxidizer in production process of slab. In the theoretical thermodynamic calculation, the amount of aluminum deoxidizer could keep dynamic equilibrium of aluminum and oxygen in liquid steel within limits. If beyond the limit, the surplus aluminum forms non-metallic inclusions so that the cleanness of molten steel is deteriorated and the performances of steel are affected. In the paper, it is analyzed and studied the changes of amount and size for inclusions with different amounts of deoxidizer in converter through industrial tests by taking the L415M steel as an example, elaborated the effects of reducing the amount of deoxidizer on inclusions in the whole production process of high grade pipeline steel. The ratio of inclusions (Class B) less than grade 2 in rolled products is increased from 96.8% to 99.83% by proposing the optimization scheme for controlling the cleanness of molten steel.

deoxidizer  /  inclusions  /  cleanness
张怀军, 张胤, 韩春鹏, 李志成. 铝系脱氧剂用量对高级别管线钢洁净度的影响. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (5) : 5 -9 .
Huai-jun Zhang, Yin Zhang, Chun-peng Han, Zhi-cheng Li. Effects of Amount of Aluminum Deoxidizer on Cleanness of High Grade Pipeline Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (5) : 5 -9 .
正文
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钢水纯净度和夹杂物的研究与控制是一项综合技术,代表了一个钢铁企业的综合能力,其炼钢和连铸流程的优化是开发与生产高附加值产品的基础。随着冶金技术的发展和进步,各大钢厂的装备水平和工艺技术有了很大的提高,成分控制目标率可达95%以上。对于炼钢来说,钢中夹杂物还是现阶段影响钢水洁净度的主要问题,尤其是钢中夹杂物数量及尺寸。由于高级别管线钢产品需求,各大钢厂在控制钢中夹杂物方面做了大量的研究工作,取得了一定效果。本文以L415M管线钢实际生产为例,研究了转炉工序脱氧剂用量对夹杂物尺寸大小、形态和分布控制工艺。
1 影响钢中夹杂物产生的因素
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钢中非金属夹杂物主要是各种元素在钢中形成的氧化物和硫化物。其中,氧化物包括脱氧剂与钢中溶解氧反应生成的单一氧化物和复合氧化物等,硫化物主要是钢中的金属元素与硫反应生成的硫化物以及钢水凝固过程中硫化物析出在其他夹杂物表面生成的复合物。
钢板中可沿轧制方向变形的非金属夹杂物主要有两类:一类是MnS夹杂物,定义为A类夹杂物;另一类是附有微小颗粒物的长条状夹杂物,主要组成为CaO-Al2O3或CaO-Al2O3-CaS系,定义为B类夹杂物[1-2]。目前,A类夹杂物的控制技术已经很成熟,但B类夹杂物控制仍存在较多问题,主要表现在B类夹杂物控制超标(评级大于2.0级)[3-4]。
国内外对B类夹杂物特征、形成机理、夹杂物与钢液成分的关系等已进行了大量的研究,钢材中最终存在的B类夹杂物的大小、数量、种类受钢水冶炼工艺、钢水脱氧操作的初始氧含量、脱氧剂种类、用量、钢水精炼结束后的全氧含量、冷却速率以及变质处理等因素的影响。脱氧产物是钢中非金属夹杂物的主要种类,脱氧剂的用量直接影响钢中夹杂物的数量、组成及形貌。同一钢种采用相同的冶炼工艺,如果使用的脱氧剂总量不同,钢中显微夹杂物种类也不同[5]。
2 试验钢种夹杂物控制
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试验钢种选用了洁净度要求较高的典型高级别管线钢L450M,其脱氧工艺采用铝铁脱氧,生产工艺流程采用KR→BOF→LF→RH→CCM,其钢中非金属夹杂物A、B、C、D类评级要求不大于2级。由于采用铝脱氧工艺,因此计算转炉工序理论脱氧所用铝铁量与实际生产样本使用脱氧剂量进行对比分析。通过对L450M钢种转炉出钢定氧数据进行统计,其波动范围介于0.052 2%~0.085 0%。铝脱氧方程为:
$ \begin{array}{l} 2[\mathrm{Al}]+3[\mathrm{O}] \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} \\ \Delta \mathrm{G}^{0}=-1242400+394.93 \mathrm{~T} \end{array}$
根据脱氧剂中铝含量、收得率及反应方程式计算,转炉铝脱氧剂加入量为4.4~4.6 kg/(t·s),而目前实际加入量为5.0~6.0 kg/(t·s),与理论计算脱氧剂加入量相比,吨钢脱氧剂加入量多0.6~1.4 kg/(t·s),制订试验方案为减少脱氧剂加入量0.5 kg/(t·s)。取过程炉渣和钢样、坯样以及轧材样进行夹杂物分析。
2.1 过程分析
生产使用脱氧剂为铝含量40%的铝铁合金,依据铝脱氧热力学公式及终点定氧情况,计算铝铁脱氧剂加入量如表1所示,采用相同生产工艺流程,依照试验计划,熔炼号4994为原工艺空白组,其他4炉均按比例减少了脱氧剂加入量。试验生产数据如表1所示。
2.2 夹杂物对比检验
对两组工艺生产过程各工序进行取样,对比分析钢中夹杂物尺寸、数量、形态分布。
2.2.1 夹杂物尺寸及数量
在400 mm2被检试样面上,不同尺寸夹杂的个数及总夹杂物个数如表2所示。
两组生产工艺路线相同,只在转炉脱氧工序采用不同用量脱氧剂。从各工序夹杂物尺寸、数量统计可以看出,试验工艺各工序小于10 μm夹杂物数量明显减少,夹杂物总量减少9.86%,在铸坯试样中未发现20 μm以上大尺寸夹杂物。原工艺的夹杂物总量为142个,优化后工艺的夹杂物总量为128个。
2.2.2 夹杂物形态
采用扫描电镜对试样中夹杂物形态进行观察,同时进行能谱检测。通过试验数据分析,空白炉次和试验炉次过程夹杂物成分相差不大,两者都以钙、铝镁氧化物和锰及钙的硫化物复合型夹杂物为主。空白炉次板材试样中偶有团簇状Al2O3及镁铝尖晶石MgO·Al2O3夹杂物,但是在试验炉次轧材中未见有团簇状Al2O3及镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物,如图1—图4所示。
空白炉次试样精炼就位夹杂物中团簇状Al2O3相对试验炉次多一些,含硅夹杂物出现频率少于试验炉次。由于钛铁在RH精炼过程中加入,所以在RH结束、中间包以及铸坯和板材试样中均发现有含钛夹杂物。试验炉次RH离位试样中含硅夹杂物出现频率高于空白炉次RH离位试样中的夹杂物,试验炉次RH离位试样中观察到的夹杂物几乎每个都含有硅,而空白炉次RH离位试样中仅有一个夹杂物含有硅。但是在轧材试样中,没有发现有含硅的夹杂物。
炼钢采用铝脱氧及高碱度还原性炉渣时,夹杂物转变路径为Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3→CaO-Al2O3-MgO,铝与炉渣中MgO发生反应生成镁铝尖晶石MgO·Al2O3,钙处理过程中,钢中溶解钙在镁铝尖晶石表面发生反应,将镁置换出来,将不规则的镁铝尖晶石转变为球形夹杂物,金相观察到的夹杂物类型以及扫描电镜分析结果显示,大部分为球形夹杂物,极个别有块状夹杂物。
空白炉次板材试样中仍存在镁铝尖晶石MgO·Al2O3,说明过量的铝与炉渣中MgO发生反应生成镁铝尖晶石MgO·Al2O3,在钙处理过程中未能将镁置换出来。分析Al2O3夹杂物在精炼就位至轧材各工位的变化情况,将其在各工位的变化作图,具体如图5所示。
1#为原脱氧剂加入量的试样,2#—5#为减少脱氧剂用量的试样,从趋势结果分析,减少转炉工序脱氧剂加入量后,Al2O3夹杂物随着生产工艺的流程走向呈逐渐下降趋势,同时对比最终轧材中夹杂物情况,减少脱氧剂加入量后轧材中Al2O3夹杂物尺寸、数量、钢材B类夹杂物评级得到明显改善。夹杂物评级如表3所示,取样位置为厚度方向11.3 mm。使用统计分析方法,钢中B类夹杂物评级小于2级比率由96.80%提高到99.83%。
3 结论
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(1)通过减少脱氧剂加入量,从各工序夹杂物数量、尺寸统计可以看出,试验工艺各工序小于10 μm夹杂物数量明显减少,夹杂物总量减少9.86%,且在铸坯试样中未发现20 μm以上大尺寸夹杂物,夹杂物尺寸、数量明显改善。
(2)通过减少脱氧剂加入量,钢材中B类夹杂物评级得到改善,B类夹杂物评级小于2级比率从96.80%提高到99.83%。
(3)原工艺炉次钢材试样中存在镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物,减少脱氧剂铝铁合金0.5 kg/(t·s)后,在试验炉次轧材中未见有镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物。

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  • 接收时间：2022-06-10
  • 首发时间：2025-11-24
  • 出版时间：2022-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2022-06-10
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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