Article(id=1199809974953148442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)05-0051-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1654790400000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986589419, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1666627200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986589419, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986589419, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986589419, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199809968984650567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986587997, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764034198143, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199809975305469987, articleId=1199809974953148442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Determination and Analysis on Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Curve of 800 MPa Grade Steel for Hydropower Project, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The phase transition temperature and static CCT curve at critical point of 800 MPa grade steel for hydropower project with low susceptivity to weld cracking are determined with phase change instrument Formast-F and the dilatation method combing with metallographic method as well as the effects of cooling rate on microstructure are studied. The results showed that the phase transition temperatures of test steel, Ac1 was 675 ℃, Ac3 was 875 ℃, Ar1 was 615 ℃ and Ar3 was 739 ℃; when the cooling rate was less than 0.25 ℃/s, the transformation products were ferrite (F) + pearlite (P) + a small amount of bainite (B); when the cooling rate was 0.25~1 ℃/s, the transformation products were ferrite (F)+ bainite (B); when the cooling rate was 1~5 ℃/s, the transformation product was bainite (B); when the cooling rate was 5~20 ℃/s, the transformation products were bainite (B)+ martensite (M); when the cooling rate was greater than 20 ℃/s, the transformation product was martensite (M).

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利用膨胀法并结合金相法,采用相变仪Formast-F测定了800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的临界点相变温度和连续冷却转变静态CCT曲线,并研究了冷却速度对显微组织的影响。结果表明:试验钢Ac1为675 ℃,Ac3为875 ℃,Ar1为615 ℃,Ar3为739 ℃;当冷速小于0.25 ℃/s时,转变产物为铁素体(F)+珠光体(P)+少量贝氏体(B);当冷速在0.25~1 ℃/s时,相变产物为铁素体(F)+贝氏体(B);当冷速在1~5 ℃/s时,转变产物为贝氏体(B);当冷速在5~20 ℃/s时,转变产物为贝氏体(B)+马氏体(M);当冷速大于20 ℃/s时,转变产物为马氏体(M)。

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白海瑞(1986-),男,内蒙古土默特左旗人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

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白海瑞(1986-),男,内蒙古土默特左旗人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

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白海瑞(1986-),男,内蒙古土默特左旗人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

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800 MPa级水电工程用钢的CCT曲线测定与分析
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白海瑞 , 杨雄 , 卢晓禹 , 魏慧慧 , 杨源远
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(5): 51-54
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(5): 51-54
800 MPa级水电工程用钢的CCT曲线测定与分析
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白海瑞, 杨雄, 卢晓禹, 魏慧慧, 杨源远
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 白海瑞(1986-),男,内蒙古土默特左旗人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事宽厚板产品研发工作。

Determination and Analysis on Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Curve of 800 MPa Grade Steel for Hydropower Project
Hai-rui Bai, Xiong Yang, Xiao-yu Lu, Hui-hui Wei, Yuan-yuan Yang
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-10-25
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利用膨胀法并结合金相法,采用相变仪Formast-F测定了800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的临界点相变温度和连续冷却转变静态CCT曲线,并研究了冷却速度对显微组织的影响。结果表明:试验钢Ac1为675 ℃,Ac3为875 ℃,Ar1为615 ℃,Ar3为739 ℃;当冷速小于0.25 ℃/s时,转变产物为铁素体(F)+珠光体(P)+少量贝氏体(B);当冷速在0.25~1 ℃/s时,相变产物为铁素体(F)+贝氏体(B);当冷速在1~5 ℃/s时,转变产物为贝氏体(B);当冷速在5~20 ℃/s时,转变产物为贝氏体(B)+马氏体(M);当冷速大于20 ℃/s时,转变产物为马氏体(M)。

800 MPa级水电钢  /  静态CCT曲线  /  冷却速度  /  显微组织

The phase transition temperature and static CCT curve at critical point of 800 MPa grade steel for hydropower project with low susceptivity to weld cracking are determined with phase change instrument Formast-F and the dilatation method combing with metallographic method as well as the effects of cooling rate on microstructure are studied. The results showed that the phase transition temperatures of test steel, Ac1 was 675 ℃, Ac3 was 875 ℃, Ar1 was 615 ℃ and Ar3 was 739 ℃; when the cooling rate was less than 0.25 ℃/s, the transformation products were ferrite (F) + pearlite (P) + a small amount of bainite (B); when the cooling rate was 0.25~1 ℃/s, the transformation products were ferrite (F)+ bainite (B); when the cooling rate was 1~5 ℃/s, the transformation product was bainite (B); when the cooling rate was 5~20 ℃/s, the transformation products were bainite (B)+ martensite (M); when the cooling rate was greater than 20 ℃/s, the transformation product was martensite (M).

800 MPa grade hydropower steel  /  static CCT curve  /  cooling rate  /  microstructure
白海瑞, 杨雄, 卢晓禹, 魏慧慧, 杨源远. 800 MPa级水电工程用钢的CCT曲线测定与分析. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (5) : 51 -54 .
Hai-rui Bai, Xiong Yang, Xiao-yu Lu, Hui-hui Wei, Yuan-yuan Yang. Determination and Analysis on Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Curve of 800 MPa Grade Steel for Hydropower Project[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (5) : 51 -54 .
近年来,水力发电工程加大兴建力度,且水头值越来越大,对用于制造压力钢管、蜗壳、岔管等部件的钢板提出更高的要求,需具有极高的强度、良好的应变时效冲击韧性以及优良的低温韧性,随着高强度材料的不断发展,800 MPa级水电用低焊接裂纹性钢成为主力钢种[1]。连续冷却过程中的相变规律对钢的组织调控及开发具有重要意义。鉴于此,本文利用Formastor-F型全自动相变仪、蔡司Axio observer A1M光学显微镜等技术手段,研究了800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的连续冷却组织和相变规律,为高强韧性匹配的800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的开发奠定理论基础。
试验钢采用100 kg真空感应炉冶炼,采用低碳、低碳当量(Ceq)、低焊接裂纹敏感性指数(Pcm)的合金体系,碳含量不大于0.09%时, Ceq=ω(C)+ω(Si)/24+ω(Mn)/6+ω(Ni)/40+ω(Cr)/5+ω(Mo)(C)+ω(V)/14≤0.52%, Pcm=ω(C)+ω(Si)/30+ω(Mn)/20+ω(Cu)/20+ω(Ni)/60+ω(Cr)/20+ω(Mo)/15+ω(V)/10+5ω(B)≤0.25%。 合理的化学成分设计是800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板组织和性能的有力保证[2]。试验钢化学成分见表1
加工试样尺寸为Φ3 mm×10 mm,端部开一个尺寸为Φ2 mm×2 mm的小孔。采用Formastor-F全自动相变仪以0.05 ℃/s的加热速度和冷却速度测定试验钢的临界相变温度点。以10 ℃/s的加热速度升温到900 ℃,对试样保温10 min,进行充分的奥氏体化[3],分别以0.05 ℃/s、0.1 ℃/s、0.25 ℃/s、0.5 ℃/s、1 ℃/s、2 ℃/s、5 ℃/s、10 ℃/s、20 ℃/s、30 ℃/s的冷却速度冷至室温。记录不同冷速下的膨胀量—温度变化曲线,采集膨胀量、温度及相关时间数据,绘制试验钢静态CCT曲线。采用德国Axio observer A1M型蔡司显微镜观察不同冷却速度下的金相组织形貌。
用Formast-F相变仪测定800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的临界点相变温度,Ac1为675 ℃、Ac3为875 ℃、Ar1为615 ℃、Ar3为739 ℃。图1为800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的静态CCT(连续冷却转变)曲线,依据不同冷却时间,冷速从右向左依次为0.05 ℃/s、0.1 ℃/s、0.25 ℃/s、0.5 ℃/s、1 ℃/s、2 ℃/s、5 ℃/s、10 ℃/s、20 ℃/s、30 ℃/s。
图1可知,连续冷却过程中试验钢发生了奥氏体向铁素体的转变(A→F)、奥氏体向珠光体的转变(A→P)、奥氏体向贝氏体的转变(A→B)和奥氏体向马氏体的转变(A→M)。由于多元合金元素的微量加入,致使试验钢连续冷却过程中的组织演变极为复杂。冷却速度低于0.25 ℃/s时,转变产物为铁素体(F)+珠光体(P)+少量贝氏体(B);冷却速度高于0.25 ℃/s且低于1 ℃/s时,转变产物为铁素体(F)+贝氏体(B);冷却速度高于1 ℃/s且低于5 ℃/s时,相变产物均为贝氏体(B),随着冷却速度的不断增加,贝氏体形貌逐渐由粒状变为板条状,且更加细小;冷却速度高于5 ℃/s且低于20 ℃/s时,转变产物为贝氏体(B)+马氏体(M);冷却速度高于20 ℃/s时,相变产物全部为马氏体(M),且随着冷却速度的增加,板条束变细。
试验钢不同冷速下的试样经粗磨、细磨以及机械抛光后采用硝酸酒精溶液(浓度为4%)浸蚀,利用蔡司Axio observerA1M显微镜观察显微组织并分析其特征,不同冷却速度下800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的显微组织如图2所示。从图2(a)可知,当冷却速度为0.05 ℃/s时,室温组织为块状铁素体(F)、珠光体(P)和少量贝氏体(B),这是由于Mn、Ni、Cr、Mo等元素延缓过冷奥氏体相变,促使非平衡组织的出现。当冷却速度增加到0.25 ℃/s,如图2(b)所示室温组织为少量的铁素体(F),大量的贝氏体(B),且晶粒边界不规则,极少量的珠光体零星分布。图2(c)为冷却速度为1 ℃/s时的组织照片,可知转变产物全为贝氏体,直至冷却速度达到5 ℃/s(图2(e)),金相组织仍为贝氏体,但是随着冷却速度的进一步加快(1~5 ℃/s),贝氏体组织形貌逐渐由粒状转变为板条状,且更加细小。当冷却速度为10 ℃/s,马氏体组织开始生成,室温金相组织为贝氏体(B)和少量的马氏体(M),见图2(f)。当冷却速度达到20 ℃/s时,室温组织全为板条状马氏体,如图2(g)所示,且随着冷速的增加,马氏体板条束逐渐变细。可见试验钢不同冷速下获得的室温金相组织和静态CCT曲线中不同冷速的相变规律相一致。
(1)用Formast-F全自动相变仪测定800 MPa级水电工程用低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的临界点温度,Ac1为675 ℃、Ac3为875 ℃、Ar1为615 ℃、Ar3为739 ℃。
(2)当冷却速度小于0.25 ℃/s时,相变产物为铁素体(F)+珠光体(P)+少量贝氏体(B);冷却速度高于0.25 ℃/s且低于1 ℃/s时,转变产物为铁素体(F)+贝氏体(B);冷却速度高于1 ℃/s且低于5 ℃/s时,转变产物均为贝氏体(B);冷却速度高于5 ℃/s且低于20 ℃/s时,转变产物为贝氏体(B)+马氏体(M);冷却速度高于20 ℃/s时,转变产物全为马氏体(M)。
参考文献 引证文献
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周兴波, 杜效鹄. 2018年全球水电发展现状与开发潜力分析[J]. 水利水电科技进展, 2019, 39(3):18-23.
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2022年第48卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2022-06-10
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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