Article(id=1199809973258646470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)05-0085-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661270400000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986589016, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1666627200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986589016, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986589016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986589016, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199809968984650567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986587997, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764034198143, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=89, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199809973531276248, articleId=1199809973258646470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Analysis on Thermal Simulation Test of SWRCH35KM Cold Heading Steel, columnId=1187340471245357385, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Quality of Variety and Experiment and Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The phase transition law of continuous cooling for SWRCH35KM test steel is tested with Gleeble-1500 thermal simulated test machine. The phase transition law of spheroidization of pearlite after final rolling is studied by the thermal simulation test of online spheroidization. There are transformations of ferrite and pearlite at different cooling rates as well as the characteristics of microstructure for ferrite change with the increase of cooling rates. When the cooling rate is below 2 ℃/s, the metallographic structure of SWRCH35KM test steel is ferrite and pearlite. With the cooling rate gradually increases, the acicular ferrite along with Widmanstatten structure appear continuously in the metallographic structure. Meanwhile, the ferrite is more refined than before and its volume fraction is also gradually reduced. Based on the phase transition law of microstructure and with thermal simulation test data of SWRCH35KM test steel, rolling and cooling will be strictly controlled in industrial production in order to obtain ideal metallographic structure, especially the controlled cooling mode of Stelmor cooling line to ensure to obtain fine ferrite and spheroidized pearlite.

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采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了SWRCH35KM试验钢的连续冷却相变规律。通过在线球化热模拟试验,研究终轧后珠光体球化相变规律。不同冷却速度下均发生了铁素体珠光体转变,随着冷却速度增加,铁素体显微组织特征有所变化。冷却速度在2 ℃/s以下时,SWRCH35KM试验钢的金相组织为铁素体和珠光体,随着冷却速度逐渐增加,金相组织中不断出现针状铁素体并伴随有魏氏体组织,同时铁素体相比之前更为细化,其体积分数占比也逐渐降低。利用SWRCH35KM试验钢热模拟试验数据,按照组织相变规律,为了得到理想的金相组织,工业生产中将严格控轧控冷,尤其是斯太尔摩冷却线的控冷方式,保证获得细小铁素体和球化珠光体组织。

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吕 刚(1983-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事长型材新产品开发工作。

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吕 刚(1983-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事长型材新产品开发工作。

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吕 刚(1983-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事长型材新产品开发工作。

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冷却速度
/(℃·s-1)
晶粒尺寸
/μm
体积分数
/%
形态
0.1 21.0 67 多边形
0.2 20.7 62 多边形
0.5 19.3 62 多边形
1.0 17.2 60 多边形
2.0 11.9 56 多边形+少量魏氏体组织
5.0 9.2 42 多边形+少量魏氏体组织+针状
), ArticleFig(id=1200030235568730845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809973258646470, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同冷速的铁素体显微组织特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却速度
/(℃·s-1)
晶粒尺寸
/μm
体积分数
/%
形态
0.1 21.0 67 多边形
0.2 20.7 62 多边形
0.5 19.3 62 多边形
1.0 17.2 60 多边形
2.0 11.9 56 多边形+少量魏氏体组织
5.0 9.2 42 多边形+少量魏氏体组织+针状
), ArticleFig(id=1200030235690365668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809973258646470, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却速度
/(℃·s-1)
珠光体形态
0.1 10~20 μm的珠光体团区域多为片层状,而在10 μm以下区域珠光体发生了较明显的球化。
0.2 在部分细小珠光体团区域观察到珠光体球化特征,而大多数珠光体为片状特征。
0.5 在5~10 μm的细小珠光体区域也仅观察到少量球化珠光体。
1.0 基本观察不到球化珠光体。
2.0 基本观察不到球化珠光体。
5.0 部分珠光体呈现了类似贝氏体的碎化特征。
), ArticleFig(id=1200030235791028968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1199809973258646470, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同冷却速度下显微组织特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却速度
/(℃·s-1)
珠光体形态
0.1 10~20 μm的珠光体团区域多为片层状,而在10 μm以下区域珠光体发生了较明显的球化。
0.2 在部分细小珠光体团区域观察到珠光体球化特征,而大多数珠光体为片状特征。
0.5 在5~10 μm的细小珠光体区域也仅观察到少量球化珠光体。
1.0 基本观察不到球化珠光体。
2.0 基本观察不到球化珠光体。
5.0 部分珠光体呈现了类似贝氏体的碎化特征。
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SWRCH35KM冷镦钢热模拟试验分析
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吕刚 1 , 周乐育 2 , 赵晓敏 1 , 杨鲁明 1
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(5): 85-89
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(5): 85-89
SWRCH35KM冷镦钢热模拟试验分析
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吕刚1, 周乐育2, 赵晓敏1, 杨鲁明1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 北京机电研究所有限公司, 北京 100083
  • 吕 刚(1983-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事长型材新产品开发工作。

Analysis on Thermal Simulation Test of SWRCH35KM Cold Heading Steel
Gang Lv1, Le-yu Zhou2, Xiao-min Zhao1, Lu-ming Yang1
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2022-10-25
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采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了SWRCH35KM试验钢的连续冷却相变规律。通过在线球化热模拟试验,研究终轧后珠光体球化相变规律。不同冷却速度下均发生了铁素体珠光体转变,随着冷却速度增加,铁素体显微组织特征有所变化。冷却速度在2 ℃/s以下时,SWRCH35KM试验钢的金相组织为铁素体和珠光体,随着冷却速度逐渐增加,金相组织中不断出现针状铁素体并伴随有魏氏体组织,同时铁素体相比之前更为细化,其体积分数占比也逐渐降低。利用SWRCH35KM试验钢热模拟试验数据,按照组织相变规律,为了得到理想的金相组织,工业生产中将严格控轧控冷,尤其是斯太尔摩冷却线的控冷方式,保证获得细小铁素体和球化珠光体组织。

免退火  /  相变规律  /  珠光体在线球化

The phase transition law of continuous cooling for SWRCH35KM test steel is tested with Gleeble-1500 thermal simulated test machine. The phase transition law of spheroidization of pearlite after final rolling is studied by the thermal simulation test of online spheroidization. There are transformations of ferrite and pearlite at different cooling rates as well as the characteristics of microstructure for ferrite change with the increase of cooling rates. When the cooling rate is below 2 ℃/s, the metallographic structure of SWRCH35KM test steel is ferrite and pearlite. With the cooling rate gradually increases, the acicular ferrite along with Widmanstatten structure appear continuously in the metallographic structure. Meanwhile, the ferrite is more refined than before and its volume fraction is also gradually reduced. Based on the phase transition law of microstructure and with thermal simulation test data of SWRCH35KM test steel, rolling and cooling will be strictly controlled in industrial production in order to obtain ideal metallographic structure, especially the controlled cooling mode of Stelmor cooling line to ensure to obtain fine ferrite and spheroidized pearlite.

without annealing  /  phase transition law  /  on-line spheroidization of pearlite
吕刚, 周乐育, 赵晓敏, 杨鲁明. SWRCH35KM冷镦钢热模拟试验分析. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (5) : 85 -89 .
Gang Lv, Le-yu Zhou, Xiao-min Zhao, Lu-ming Yang. Analysis on Thermal Simulation Test of SWRCH35KM Cold Heading Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (5) : 85 -89 .
冷镦钢是工业线材中极其重要的一类钢种,其主要用于紧固件、标准件、螺钉螺栓等的加工生产,受紧固件、标准件等的服役性能要求,冷镦钢必须具有较好的变形能力、光洁的表面质量及优异的深加工性能,这样才能满足标准及用户的要求[1]
SWRCH35K是作为生产8.8级紧固件的主要材料之一,常规生产工艺需要对盘条进行退火后再进行后续深加工,退火工序不仅增加用户加工成本,同时还消耗大量能源,因此开发免退火的SWRCH35KM冷镦钢盘条从发展趋势上看是符合市场需要的。钢厂通过对盘条组织性能的控制,减少了后续的退火处理,在生产工序方面降低了生产成本,具有较好的经济效益。
本文采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了SWRCH35KM冷镦钢的组织相变规律;通过在线球化热模拟试验,研究终轧后珠光体球化相变规律,从而为工业试制免退火SWRCH35KM提供数据指导。
试验材料为免退火SWRCH35KM中试试验试样,在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行了SWRCH35KM冷镦试验钢的组织相变分析,试验方案是将Φ8 mm×16 mm试样加热到奥氏体化后,其温度为1 050 ℃,随后进行保温,保温时间为300 s,然后快速冷却,冷却到相变开始温度800 ℃,变形50%,然后设计8种冷却速度,分别为0.1 ℃/s、0.2 ℃/s、0.5 ℃/s、1 ℃/s、2 ℃/s、5 ℃/s、10 ℃/s和25 ℃/s,冷却到室温,对不同的冷却速度下的金相组织进行观察。
采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了SWRCH35KM冷镦试验钢的组织相变规律,工艺示意图见图1
根据SWRCH35KM冷镦试验钢不同冷却速度下的组织相变点形成CCT曲线见图2
图2可以看出,在形变诱发下,不同冷却速度下均产生铁素体和珠光体,在冷却速度为2 ℃/s之前,随着试样冷却速度的增加,铁素体开始转变的初始温度变化较小,当超过2 ℃/s后,铁素体开始转变的初始温度有所降低。对于珠光体组织转变相比铁素体转变,其开始转变温度的变化较为微小,珠光体组织转变终止的温度在635~645 ℃之间,随着冷却速度的不断增加,其终止转变温度将进一步降低[2]
针对试验过程中的金相组织,采用光学显微镜进行观察,其冷却速度分别为0.1 ℃/s、0.2 ℃/s、0.5 ℃/s、1 ℃/s、2 ℃/s、5 ℃/s,不同冷却速度下的显微组织见图3。同时对上述不同冷却速度下的晶粒尺寸、体积分数和形态进行了统计分析,见表1图4
SWRCH35KM冷镦试验钢在冷却过程中均产生了铁素体和珠光体,随着冷却速度的不断增加,铁素体形貌发生了一定变化,0.1 ℃/s、0.2 ℃/s、0.5 ℃/s、1 ℃/s、2 ℃/s、5 ℃/s这几个冷却速度下,铁素体均呈现多边形,但是当冷却速度大于2 ℃/s时,开始出现魏氏体组织,当冷却速度达到5 ℃/s时出现针状铁素体,随着冷却速度的增加,其晶粒尺寸也在逐渐减小。
不同冷却速度的铁素体显微组织特征见表1
对组织中的珠光体形态进行了SEM观察,如图4所示。
图4可知,SWRCH35KM冷镦试验钢在不同冷却速度下进行组织相变时,其珠光体组织形态为片层状和粒状[3],随着冷却速度的增加逐步出现球化倾向,见表2
SWRCH35KM冷镦试验钢冷却转变组织均为铁素体和珠光体,随着冷却速度的不断增加,铁素体均呈现多边形,在冷却速度2 ℃/s之前,随着试样冷却速度的增加,铁素体开始转变的初始温度变化较小,当超过2 ℃/s后,铁素体开始转变的初始温度有所降低。珠光体组织转变的终止温度在635~645 ℃之间,随着冷却速度的不断增加,其终止转变温度将进一步降低。当冷却速度大于2 ℃/s时,开始出现魏氏体组织;当冷却速度达到5 ℃/s时,出现针状铁素体。
为了实现SWRCH35KM冷镦钢的免退火目的,其理想组织为多边形铁素体和尽可能多的球化珠光体组织,为了保证该组织构成的实现,这就要求盘条在轧制控冷时对铁素体和珠光体转变进行针对性控制。工业生产轧制控冷时冷却速度控制在0.2~1 ℃/s。
(1)SWRCH35KM试验钢的金相组织为铁素体和珠光体,随着冷却速度逐渐增加,金相组织中不断出现针状铁素体并伴随有魏氏体组织,同时铁素体相比之前更为细化,其体积分数占比也逐渐降低。
(2)为了实现SWRCH35KM冷镦钢的免退火目的,其理想组织为多边形铁素体和尽可能多的球化珠光体组织,工业生产轧制控冷时冷却速度控制在0.2~1 ℃/s。
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陈国安, 杨王明, 孙祖庆. 中碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的组织演变[J]. 金属学报, 2007, 43(1):27-34.
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2022年第48卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2022-08-24
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-24
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 北京机电研究所有限公司, 北京 100083
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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