Article(id=1199809972675638179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)05-0027-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1655740800000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763986588877, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1666627200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763986588877, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763986588877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763986588877, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199809968984650567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763986587997, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764034198143, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200009660469183175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199809968984650567, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=27, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199809973057319861, articleId=1199809972675638179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Effects of Change of Rare Earth Content on Properties of Low Alloy High Strength Steel, columnId=1199809969878037321, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practice and Managemen, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The liquid steel could be purified, inclusions could be modified and steel could be microalloyed by adding rare earth into steel, which could reduce the harmful effects of inclusions on steel so that the plasticity, toughness and resistance to low temperature impact of steel could be improved. In order to study the effects of different rare earth contents on properties of steel, the smelting of low alloy high strength steel with manganese and different quantities of rare earth added and without rare earth are carried out using the 25 kg vacuum medium frequency induction furnace as well as the rolling with production process on site is simulated. Moreover, the chemical composition, mechanical properties, fracture and metallographic structure of rolled products are analyzed. The results showed that the grain size of microstructure for steel could be refined by adding rare earth into steel; with the increase of rare earth content in steel, refined grain size of microstructure makes the resistance to crack formation and propagation between grain boundaries increased so that the plasticity, impact toughness and mechanical properties of steel are improved.

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钢中加入稀土能够起到净化钢液、夹杂物变性和微合金化作用,能减小夹杂物对钢质的有害影响,从而提高钢材的塑性、韧性、耐低温冲击性。为了研究钢中不同稀土含量对钢材性能影响,利用25 kg真空中频感应炉,使用真空加入方法,进行不同稀土加入量及未加入稀土的锰系低合金高强度钢冶炼,并模拟现场生产工艺进行轧制。通过对轧材化学成分、力学性能、断口、金相组织分析,结果表明,钢中加入稀土时,稀土元素可细化钢材组织晶粒度;随着钢中稀土含量增加,细化的组织晶粒度增加了晶界之间抵抗裂纹形成与扩展的能力,从而提高了钢的塑性和冲击韧性,提高钢材力学性能。

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刁望才(1980-),男,黑龙江省绥化市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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刁望才(1980-),男,黑龙江省绥化市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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刁望才(1980-),男,黑龙江省绥化市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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试样编号 材料重量/kg 稀土加入量/% 稀土在钢中含量/% 稀土收得率/% 铝粒加入量/%
1# 24.35 10.5
2# 21.95 0.034 0.027 79.4 10.6
3# 24.00 0.043 0.031 72.1 10.0
4# 24.00 0.064 0.053 82.8 10.0
5# 23.90 0.076 0.068 89.5 11.3
6# 24.15 0.100 0.086 86.0 10.0
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试验钢种稀土加入量及收得率情况

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试样编号 材料重量/kg 稀土加入量/% 稀土在钢中含量/% 稀土收得率/% 铝粒加入量/%
1# 24.35 10.5
2# 21.95 0.034 0.027 79.4 10.6
3# 24.00 0.043 0.031 72.1 10.0
4# 24.00 0.064 0.053 82.8 10.0
5# 23.90 0.076 0.068 89.5 11.3
6# 24.15 0.100 0.086 86.0 10.0
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试样编号 C Si Mn P S Al Ce
1# 0.072 0.132 1.52 0.012 0.002 0.042
2# 0.068 0.135 1.53 0.011 0.002 0.045 0.027
3# 0.065 0.133 1.53 0.013 0.002 0.042 0.031
4# 0.066 0.134 1.52 0.011 0.002 0.047 0.053
5# 0.067 0.135 1.52 0.012 0.002 0.046 0.068
6# 0.070 0.133 1.53 0.009 0.002 0.043 0.086
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试验钢种化学元素分析(质量分数) %

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试样编号 C Si Mn P S Al Ce
1# 0.072 0.132 1.52 0.012 0.002 0.042
2# 0.068 0.135 1.53 0.011 0.002 0.045 0.027
3# 0.065 0.133 1.53 0.013 0.002 0.042 0.031
4# 0.066 0.134 1.52 0.011 0.002 0.047 0.053
5# 0.067 0.135 1.52 0.012 0.002 0.046 0.068
6# 0.070 0.133 1.53 0.009 0.002 0.043 0.086
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稀土含量变化对低合金高强度钢性能影响
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刁望才 , 张胤 , 韩春鹏 , 钱静秋 , 张立通
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2022,48(5): 27-31
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2022, 48(5): 27-31
稀土含量变化对低合金高强度钢性能影响
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刁望才, 张胤, 韩春鹏, 钱静秋, 张立通
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 刁望才(1980-),男,黑龙江省绥化市人,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

Effects of Change of Rare Earth Content on Properties of Low Alloy High Strength Steel
Wang-cai Diao, Yin Zhang, Chun-peng Han, Jing-qiu Qian, Li-tong Zhang
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-10-25
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钢中加入稀土能够起到净化钢液、夹杂物变性和微合金化作用,能减小夹杂物对钢质的有害影响,从而提高钢材的塑性、韧性、耐低温冲击性。为了研究钢中不同稀土含量对钢材性能影响,利用25 kg真空中频感应炉,使用真空加入方法,进行不同稀土加入量及未加入稀土的锰系低合金高强度钢冶炼,并模拟现场生产工艺进行轧制。通过对轧材化学成分、力学性能、断口、金相组织分析,结果表明,钢中加入稀土时,稀土元素可细化钢材组织晶粒度;随着钢中稀土含量增加,细化的组织晶粒度增加了晶界之间抵抗裂纹形成与扩展的能力,从而提高了钢的塑性和冲击韧性,提高钢材力学性能。

稀土  /  力学性能  /  晶粒度

The liquid steel could be purified, inclusions could be modified and steel could be microalloyed by adding rare earth into steel, which could reduce the harmful effects of inclusions on steel so that the plasticity, toughness and resistance to low temperature impact of steel could be improved. In order to study the effects of different rare earth contents on properties of steel, the smelting of low alloy high strength steel with manganese and different quantities of rare earth added and without rare earth are carried out using the 25 kg vacuum medium frequency induction furnace as well as the rolling with production process on site is simulated. Moreover, the chemical composition, mechanical properties, fracture and metallographic structure of rolled products are analyzed. The results showed that the grain size of microstructure for steel could be refined by adding rare earth into steel; with the increase of rare earth content in steel, refined grain size of microstructure makes the resistance to crack formation and propagation between grain boundaries increased so that the plasticity, impact toughness and mechanical properties of steel are improved.

rare earth  /  mechanical properties  /  grain size
刁望才, 张胤, 韩春鹏, 钱静秋, 张立通. 稀土含量变化对低合金高强度钢性能影响. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (5) : 27 -31 .
Wang-cai Diao, Yin Zhang, Chun-peng Han, Jing-qiu Qian, Li-tong Zhang. Effects of Change of Rare Earth Content on Properties of Low Alloy High Strength Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (5) : 27 -31 .
我国不仅稀土资源和产量占据世界首位,钢铁产量也世界领先,但钢的品质与国外的先进水平仍然存在着很大的差距。稀土既是优良的夹杂物变质剂,又是一种强效的微合金元素,是硅钙所不能代替的。鉴于稀土在钢中的独特作用,采用稀土材料来强化和提升钢铁传统产业优势显得尤为重要。稀土元素之所以具有极强的化学活性,是因为其独特的电子壳结构,4f壳层结构的能价态可变和大原子尺寸的特点,是使其成为极强的净化剂、洁净钢夹杂物的有效变质剂和有效控制钢中弱化源、降低局域区能态和钢局域弱化的强抑制剂。在钢的冶炼控制技术和钢洁净度不断提高的今天,优化和掌握好稀土加入工艺,对改善钢的性能和开发新型钢种有着重要的意义[1]
试样钢种采用25 kg真空中频炉冶炼,其中一炉不加稀土元素作为试验空白对比试样,稀土合金选取稀土含量20%的铈铁合金;采用抽真空操作后进行冶炼,减少空气中氧气影响稀土收得率;使用纯铝作为成分调整及脱氧剂,脱除冶炼过程中可能带入的氧气。冶炼完成后,从中频炉浇注到容量为35 kg的钢锭模中。由于稀土的加入量较少,将合金置于钢锭模底部,利用钢水浇注时产生的涡流把稀土搅拌均匀。实验室冶炼后轧态钢板均采用热轧状态,轧制工艺采用工业生产工艺,保证初轧、终轧温度与轧制道次,保证压缩比,未进行热处理。稀土加入量与收得率如表1所示。
冶金分析包括化学成分分析、金相组织检验、力学性能检测及断口的电子探针定性分析。
对试验钢种进行化学元素检测,结果如表2所示。
化学元素检测结果显示,使用25 kg真空中频感应炉冶炼,钢种化学成分均匀性较好,稀土元素含量结果具有代表性。
选取试验钢种1#、2#两组试样进行金相组织检测,制样后采用硝酸酒精溶液对试样进行腐蚀处理后,使用光学显微镜分别对两组试样进行不同放大倍数组织形态检测。见图1图4
图1图2为两组试样50倍光学显微镜下组织形态,图1为未添加稀土试样,图2为添加稀土试样。通过组织观察,添加稀土试样组织明显细化。
图3图4为两组试样200倍光学显微镜下组织形态,图3为未添加稀土试样,图4为添加稀土试样。通过晶粒度自动测量评级,加入稀土后,晶粒平均尺寸由39.02 μm下降至34.67 μm,评级由6.0级上升至6.5级,晶粒得到细化,组织评级升高。
稀土化合物微小的固态质点提供了异质晶核,或在结晶界面上偏聚,阻碍了晶胞长大,为钢晶粒细化提供了较好的热力学条件。因此,试验钢中加入稀土能细化钢的凝固组织,从而改善钢的晶粒度[2]
力学性能检测试样采用厚度规格为20 mm热轧板材。轧制采用工业生产工艺,控制初轧、终轧温度,保证轧制道次及压缩比。对轧制后试样进行制样,委托拉力三项性能测试、冲击性能测试,测试结果见图5图7
由试验结果趋势分析,在力学性能三项检测中,随钢中加入稀土,试验钢屈服强度、抗拉强度性能提高,并保持相对稳定,与屈服强度、抗拉强度性能提高相对应,延伸率随稀土加入有所下降。在稀土加入后,试验钢力学三项性能变化趋势符合钢材性能变化规律。
6组试验钢-20 ℃低温冲击试验中,在稀土含量小于0.050%随钢中稀土含量增加,低温冲击性能变化趋势平缓;当钢中稀土含量超过0.050%时,低温冲击性能指标明显提高。
对不同稀土含量冲击试验断口进行检测,结果见图8
图8力学试样断口检测中,探针对断口呈现出的韧窝形态物质进行扫描电镜检测,结果显示为稀土化合物,尺寸在1 μm以下。稀土以弥散状态分布于钢材基体中,形成晶界固溶析出物。固溶在钢中的稀土通过扩散机制富集于晶界,减少了杂质元素在晶界的偏聚,强化了晶界,改善了钢与晶界有关的性能,阻止钢试样沿晶断裂[3],起到固溶强化的作用,对试验钢晶粒度细化、力学性能及冲击性能起到改善作用。
(1)在力学性能试验中,随稀土含量不同,试验钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率明显变化,从试验数据分析,加入稀土对试验钢力学性能改善明显。
(2)在-20 ℃冲击试验中,随稀土含量变化,试验钢低温冲击性能明显变化。在试验条件下,稀土含量大于0.050%时,低温冲击性能明显提高。
(3)扫描电镜结果显示,在断口检测中,稀土形成小尺寸化合物,在钢材基体中起到固溶强化作用,对钢材力学性能、晶粒度细化有改善作用。
参考文献 引证文献
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[1]
王龙妹. 稀土元素在新一代高强韧钢中的作用和前景[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2004, 22(1):48-54.
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王龙妹, 杜挺, 卢先利, 等. 微量稀土元素在钢中的作用机理及应用[J]. 稀土, 2001, 22(4):37-40.
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马杰, 刘芳. 稀土元素在钢中的作用及对钢性能的影响[J]. 钢铁研究, 2009, 37(3):54-56.
2022年第48卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2022-06-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-21
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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