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The strength of 440 MPa grade phosphorous high-strength IF steel independently developed by Baotou Steel is improved by adding such alloying elements as Si, Mn and P based on ultra low carbon steel. The control requirements of its composition and production process are strict as well as production is very difficult. In the paper, the influences of chemical elements on stamping performance of 440 MPa grade high-strength IF steel are mainly studied. The microstructure of steel strip, inclusion morphology and precipitation behavior of the second phase particles are analyzed with metalloscope and scanning electron microscope. The mechanisms of action of hot rolling processes such as finishing and coiling temperatures, continuous annealing process of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties are explained. The mechanical performances of tested steel strip are stable and could meet the relative technical requirements through formulating reasonable process route and strict control.

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包钢自主研发的440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢在超低碳钢的基础上通过添加Si、Mn、P等合金元素提高强度,其成分及生产工艺控制要求严格,生产难度大。文章重点研究了化学元素对440 MPa级高强IF钢冲压性能的影响,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜分析了钢带的微观组织、夹杂物形态及第二相粒子析出行为,解释了热轧工艺如终轧温度与卷取温度、冷轧连续退火工艺对微观组织及力学性能的作用机理。通过制定合理的工艺路线,并进行严格控制,试验钢带力学性能稳定且满足相关技术要求。

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张奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

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张奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

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张奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

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化学元素 C Si Mn P S Alt Ti N B
设计成分 ≤0.005 ≤0.3 ≤1.2 ≤0.08 ≤0.010 ≥0.020 ≤0.07 <0.005 ≤0.002
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化学成分(质量分数) %

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化学元素 C Si Mn P S Alt Ti N B
设计成分 ≤0.005 ≤0.3 ≤1.2 ≤0.08 ≤0.010 ≥0.020 ≤0.07 <0.005 ≤0.002
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汽车用440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢的研制
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张奇 , 路璐 , 吴蒙
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022,48(1): 53-56
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2022, 48(1): 53-56
汽车用440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢的研制
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张奇, 路璐, 吴蒙
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张奇(1989-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,工程师,现从事产品开发工作。

Development of 440 MPa Grade Phosphorous High-strength IF Steel for Automobile
Qi Zhang, Lu Lu, Meng Wu
Affiliations
  • Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-02-25
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包钢自主研发的440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢在超低碳钢的基础上通过添加Si、Mn、P等合金元素提高强度,其成分及生产工艺控制要求严格,生产难度大。文章重点研究了化学元素对440 MPa级高强IF钢冲压性能的影响,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜分析了钢带的微观组织、夹杂物形态及第二相粒子析出行为,解释了热轧工艺如终轧温度与卷取温度、冷轧连续退火工艺对微观组织及力学性能的作用机理。通过制定合理的工艺路线,并进行严格控制,试验钢带力学性能稳定且满足相关技术要求。

加磷高强IF钢  /  微观组织  /  汽车

The strength of 440 MPa grade phosphorous high-strength IF steel independently developed by Baotou Steel is improved by adding such alloying elements as Si, Mn and P based on ultra low carbon steel. The control requirements of its composition and production process are strict as well as production is very difficult. In the paper, the influences of chemical elements on stamping performance of 440 MPa grade high-strength IF steel are mainly studied. The microstructure of steel strip, inclusion morphology and precipitation behavior of the second phase particles are analyzed with metalloscope and scanning electron microscope. The mechanisms of action of hot rolling processes such as finishing and coiling temperatures, continuous annealing process of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties are explained. The mechanical performances of tested steel strip are stable and could meet the relative technical requirements through formulating reasonable process route and strict control.

phosphorous high-strength IF steel  /  microstructure  /  automobile
张奇, 路璐, 吴蒙. 汽车用440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢的研制. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (1) : 53 -56 .
Qi Zhang, Lu Lu, Meng Wu. Development of 440 MPa Grade Phosphorous High-strength IF Steel for Automobile[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (1) : 53 -56 .
为了实现汽车轻量化及提高使用寿命和安全性,结合汽车用钢加工及服役需求,IF钢的强度也需要进一步提高。加磷高强IF钢以超低碳无间隙原子钢为基础,通过添加P、Mn、Si等元素实现强化效果[1-2],兼具高强度与良好的成形性,应用前景广阔。目前国内外开发的加磷高强IF钢强度级别有340 MPa、390 MPa和440 MPa[3],其中440 MPa级IF钢技术含量高、生产难度大。通过深入研究成分、生产工艺及微观组织,自主研发了440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢,产品各项性能指标均满足客户要求。
根据成分设计思路不同,加磷高强IF钢分为Ti-P系、Nb-P系、Nb-Ti-P系。440 MPa级高强IF钢采用Ti-P系成分设计,主要原因为Ti-P系较Nb-P系性能更稳定,工艺对力学性能影响的敏感性较低,便于工艺控制;较Nb-Ti-P系需要较低的再结晶退火温度,同时由于钛铁合金较铌铁合金便宜,采用Ti-P系成分设计更符合降本增效思路。440 MPa加磷高强IF钢采用超低碳成分设计,碳氮含量越低,间隙原子对位错的阻碍越弱,同时平行于板面的{111}织构增多,成形时抗厚度减薄能力增强,有利于零件变形。添加Si、Mn、P元素以提高固溶强化效果,添加P元素钢带强度显著提高,但不宜添加过多,随着P元素含量的增加,容易导致二次加工脆化,加入量一般不超过0.1%。添加微量B可以降低冷脆转变温度,从而防止二次加工脆化,B元素可在晶界处快速析出,一方面强化了晶界,另一方面阻碍了P在晶界处的偏析[4]。S在深冲钢中是有害元素,应尽可能地降低IF钢中的S含量。具体成分设计如表1所示。
热轧钢带的组织和析出物形貌取决于热轧工艺参数,低的板坯加热温度、高温终轧、终轧后快冷、增大热轧压下率、增大变形速率等都有利于提高深冲性能[5]。440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢板坯加热温度设定不低于1 180 ℃,较低的加热温度有利于表面氧化物控制;终轧温度不低于890 ℃,以保证奥氏体区轧制;终轧后采用前集中式层流冷却模式,一方面提高冷却速率,另一方面满足高抗拉强度要求。卷取温度的选取需考虑第二相粒子析出情况以满足产品性能,加磷高强IF钢第二相粒子析出温度如图1所示。研究认为TiN形成温度在1 300 ℃以上,稳定性高,由于热轧及连退工艺均低于1 250 ℃,因此TiN在后续热加工工序不会溶解,铸坯加热到1 200 ℃以上时将析出TiS,但TiS不稳定,在随后的降温过程逐渐转变为Ti4C2S2。当温度在700 ℃保温时将析出FeTiP相,FeTiP相的析出,会消耗固溶于基体的P元素,固溶强化作用随之减弱,同时稳定的FeTiP相抑制了再结晶过程中晶界的迁移,提高了再结晶温度,导致r值降低[6]。为避免FeTiP相的析出,钢带经过终轧后应快速冷却到700 ℃以下,考虑到热轧产线温度控制精度,440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢卷取温度设定小于680 ℃。
冷轧变形的储能是退火过程中再结晶的驱动力,并且较高的冷轧压下率可以获得较高的平均塑性应变比。结合加磷高强IF钢钢种特点及产线设计能力,440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢压下率设定不小于70%。退火温度是影响高强度钢板退火再结晶组织形成的关键因素。研究表明,FeTiP相—般在罩式退火中析出,而连续退火不会析出[6],这是由于连续退火速度快,保温时间短,FeTiP相没有足够时间析出。440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢采用连续退火工艺设计,可以避免FeTiP相在冷轧工序再次析出。为保证440 MPa加磷高强IF钢晶粒能够完全再结晶,退火温度应大于750 ℃。
炼钢过程中严格控制S含量,因为440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢Mn含量设计较高,易与S元素反应,生成MnS化合物,MnS如果聚集长大形成夹杂物,则铁素体基体的连续性受到影响。在冲压过程中,MnS夹杂与基体界面结合力较弱,容易产生应力集中,导致MnS夹杂处形成孔洞,随着应力的增加,孔洞逐渐连接,最终发生开裂,形成断后裂纹。采用KR脱硫技术,将终点S含量控制在0.002%以内,添加脱硫剂,并进行机械搅拌,促进脱硫反应,扒除脱硫渣,防止高硫渣进入转炉,使S含量再次升高。对试验钢进行夹杂物评级,D类夹杂物为0.5级,其他类夹杂物评级均为0级,如图2所示,冶炼工艺控制良好。
当退火温度较高时,晶粒尺寸增大,屈服强度及抗拉强度随之降低,无法满足440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢强度要求;当退火温度较低时,晶粒未完成再结晶,部分晶粒仍呈现长条状,导致钢带塑性差,不容易变形,因此选择合适的退火温度是保证良好成形性及强度的关键。对试验钢带进行金相组织观察,如图3所示,冷轧组织为均匀等轴状铁素体,晶内及晶界干净,晶粒度10级,晶粒充分再结晶,晶粒尺寸适中,说明退火工艺制定合理。
扫描电镜能谱分析仪检测结果显示,铁素体基体中存在微量点状MnS析出相,MnS弥散分布,且未偏聚长大,因此不会对组织连续性造成影响,见图4。组织中未发现FeTiP析出相,说明P元素主要以固溶态形式存在,达到了固溶强化的目的,验证了卷取温度低于680 ℃,可有效避免FeTiP相的析出。
热轧及退火工序工艺参数的严格控制是力学性能的有力保证。本次试制产品的工艺完全按照要求执行,且温度曲线平稳。对试制的钢带力学性能进行统计,440 MPa加磷高强IF钢屈服强度为292~319 MPa,抗拉强度为440~470 MPa,延伸率35.0%~39.0%。性能指标稳定,波动范围小,完全符合交货技术要求,如图5所示。
(1)通过严格控制化学成分,440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢组织纯净,D类夹杂为0.5级,其他均为0级。
(2)440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢微观组织为均匀铁素体,组织弥散分布微量MnS析出相,由于颗粒较小且未聚集长大,不会对组织连续性造成影响。
(3)440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢组织中未检测到FeTiP有害相,说明P元素主要以固溶态形式存在,达到了固溶强化的目的。
(4)经过分析,产品化学成分及下游工艺路线设计合理,440 MPa级加磷高强IF钢屈服强度为292~319 MPa,抗拉强度为440~470 MPa,延伸率35.0%~39.0%,产品性能稳定,符合相关技术要求。
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2022年第48卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2021-11-03
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-03
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    内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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