Article(id=1199661550878421610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199661546335994621, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)01-0034-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1632758400000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763951202362, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1645718400000, pubDateStr=2022-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763951202362, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763951202362, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763951202362, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199661546335994621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763951201279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763959528511, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199696473341391309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199661546335994621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199696473341391310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199661546335994621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199661552707138174, articleId=1199661550878421610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation Study on Optimizing Flow Control Device of Continuous Casting Tundish, columnId=1187340472918880861, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practice and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Three-dimensional mathematical model is established with commercial software aiming at the tundish of slab caster to calculate flow field in tundish with different flow control device conditions of tundish as well as analyze the effects of different schemes on flow condition of molten steel and average retention time and the situations of inclusions in steel with adopting the optimization scheme. The results showed that the volume of dead zone for tundish reduced by 10.61% and the time that tracer appeared in tundish extended by 4.31% comparing the optimization scheme with original scheme, which are all beneficial to mixing molten steel in tundish as well as floating and removal of inclusions. Moreover, the level of inclusions in steel adopting optimization scheme could satisfy the requirements of production technology.

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针对板坯连铸机的中间包采用商业软件建立三维数学模型,计算不同中间包控流装置条件下中间包内的流场,分析不同方案对钢液流动状态和平均停留时间的影响,分析采用优化方案时钢中夹杂物的情况。结果表明,中间包控流装置的优化方案与原方案相比中间包的死区体积减少10.61%,中间包内开始出现示踪剂时间延长4.31%,均有利于中间包内钢液的混合和夹杂物上浮去除,同时采用优化方案钢中夹杂物水平能够满足生产工艺的要求。

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韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

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方案 V/m3 ta/s tmin/s tpeak/s t/s Vd/% Vp/% Vm/%
原方案 10.040 8 723 116 212 732 14.80 21.68 63.52
优化方案 10.040 8 723 121 216 733 13.23 23.37 63.40
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原方案和优化方案的RTD曲线分析

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方案 V/m3 ta/s tmin/s tpeak/s t/s Vd/% Vp/% Vm/%
原方案 10.040 8 723 116 212 732 14.80 21.68 63.52
优化方案 10.040 8 723 121 216 733 13.23 23.37 63.40
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连铸中间包控流装置优化数值模拟研究
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韩春鹏 , 张胤 , 钱静秋 , 陈建新
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2022,48(1): 34-38
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2022, 48(1): 34-38
连铸中间包控流装置优化数值模拟研究
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韩春鹏, 张胤, 钱静秋, 陈建新
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 韩春鹏(1982-),男,内蒙古和林格尔县人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事炼钢工艺研究工作。

Numerical Simulation Study on Optimizing Flow Control Device of Continuous Casting Tundish
Chun-peng Han, Yin Zhang, Jing-qiu Qian, Jian-xin Chen
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-02-25
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针对板坯连铸机的中间包采用商业软件建立三维数学模型,计算不同中间包控流装置条件下中间包内的流场,分析不同方案对钢液流动状态和平均停留时间的影响,分析采用优化方案时钢中夹杂物的情况。结果表明,中间包控流装置的优化方案与原方案相比中间包的死区体积减少10.61%,中间包内开始出现示踪剂时间延长4.31%,均有利于中间包内钢液的混合和夹杂物上浮去除,同时采用优化方案钢中夹杂物水平能够满足生产工艺的要求。

中间包  /  数值模拟  /  RTD曲线

Three-dimensional mathematical model is established with commercial software aiming at the tundish of slab caster to calculate flow field in tundish with different flow control device conditions of tundish as well as analyze the effects of different schemes on flow condition of molten steel and average retention time and the situations of inclusions in steel with adopting the optimization scheme. The results showed that the volume of dead zone for tundish reduced by 10.61% and the time that tracer appeared in tundish extended by 4.31% comparing the optimization scheme with original scheme, which are all beneficial to mixing molten steel in tundish as well as floating and removal of inclusions. Moreover, the level of inclusions in steel adopting optimization scheme could satisfy the requirements of production technology.

tundish  /  numerical simulation  /  RTD curve
韩春鹏, 张胤, 钱静秋, 陈建新. 连铸中间包控流装置优化数值模拟研究. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (1) : 34 -38 .
Chun-peng Han, Yin Zhang, Jing-qiu Qian, Jian-xin Chen. Numerical Simulation Study on Optimizing Flow Control Device of Continuous Casting Tundish[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (1) : 34 -38 .
中间包内钢液的流动状态和速度分布对钢液成分和温度的均匀性、夹杂物的上浮去除有着重要的影响,而中间包类型、内部控流装置的结构决定了中间包内流体流动状态、钢液的混合情况、速度分布[1-2]。因此通过优化中间包内部结构,可使夹杂物尽可能上浮,流动更加稳定,从而保证铸坯质量,为生产实际提供理论指导。
采用商业软件建立板坯连铸机中间包的三维数学模型,计算中间包内部不同控流装置条件下中间包内的流场,分析不同方案对钢液流动状态和平均停留时间的影响,从而优化的中间包内部控流装置。
针对包钢板坯连铸机进行研究。连铸机为2机2流,中间包的类型为T型,下底宽1 050 mm,上沿宽1 660 mm,钢水深度为1 000 mm,采用湍流抑制器、挡墙、挡坝的组合控流装置,正常拉速为1.2 m/min,铸坯的断面为1 510 mm×230 mm,浸入式水口内径为80 mm。
本文采用k-ε双方程模型来计算中间包内钢流的流动状态。
(1)连续性方程:
ρ u i x i=0
(2)动量方程(Navier—Stokes方程):
( ρ u i u j ) x j=- P x i+ x j μ e f f u i x j + u j x i
(3)湍动能(K)方程:
x i ρ u i k - μ e f f σ k k x i=Gk-ρε
(4)湍动能耗散率(ε)方程:
x i ρ u i ε - μ e f f σ ε ε x i=(C1εGk-C2ρε2)/k
其中:
Gk=μi u j x i u i x j + u j x i
μeff=μl+μt
μt=ρCμ k 2 ε
式(1)-(4)中:ui,uj为速度,m/s;x为坐标值,m;ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;P为压力,Pa;σk为经验常数;k为湍流动能,m2/s2;ε为湍流动能耗散率,m2/s3;μt为湍流黏度系数,kg/(s·m2);μl为层流黏度系数,kg/(s·m2);μeff为有效黏度系数,kg/(s·m2);C1,C2,Cμ,σk,σε为经验常数,C1=1.44,C2=1.92,Cμ=0.09,σk=1.0,σε=1.3。
模拟计算过程中采用以下基本假设[3-5]:
(1)忽略中间包表面覆盖剂的影响。
(2)经过钢包长水口的钢液,其入流速度垂直于中间包自由液面。
(3)中间包内钢液流动状态为稳态。
(4)中间包内钢液流动为不可压缩牛顿流体流动。
(1)入口。入口定义在长水口入口处,入口钢水速度根据连铸机不同断面、不同拉速和质量守恒定律进行计算,入口速度为1.77 m/s。
(2)出口。出口定义在浸入式水口的入口处,采用质量边界条件。
(3)中间包的自由液面采用自由滑移壁面。
(4)由于中间包的对称性,计算区域为1/2中间包。在对称面上采用零梯度边界条件。
中间包内设置湍流抑制器、挡墙、挡坝的组合控流装置是应用最普遍的技术,设置湍流抑制器可使钢液在湍流区内充分混合,设置挡墙可有效阻止钢液表面扰动的发展,使钢液表面波动集中在注入流区,而挡坝的设置,可消除钢液沿包底的流动,使流体向上流动,从而有利于钢中夹杂物随着钢液上浮去除,因此挡墙挡坝的配合,可以显著改善中间包内钢液的流动状态。根据双流板坯连铸机中间包的现状,针对湍流抑制器、挡墙、挡坝的结构进行优化。原方案挡墙和挡坝的间距为800 mm,优化方案挡墙和挡坝的间距为500 mm,从而增加了钢液向上的流动速度,有利于减少钢包内的死区体积。
图1为优化方案中间包内浸入式水口处的流场,图2为优化方案中间包高度方向Z=0.5 m位置处的流场。由图1可知,钢水从钢包流出注入到中间包后,由于入口速度较大,穿透深度较深,直达湍流抑制器,在湍流抑制器内充分混合。钢液从湍流抑制器流出后一部分向挡墙下方流动,另一部分在长水口附近向中间包表面流动,到达液面后沿液面向挡墙方向流去,最后沿挡墙向下流。钢液从挡墙下方流过,由于受到挡坝的阻挡又向上流动,流向中间包的表面,最后向浸入式水口流去。对于采用挡墙挡坝组合的控流中间包,注流区的钢水通过挡墙的下方进入挡墙挡坝之间,从挡墙下方进入的钢水,经过沿包底流动后,碰到挡坝,沿着挡坝向上流动,在挡坝后方形成一个回流,回流速度较大,有利于降低死区体积。通过对比分析,原方案和优化方案的中间包内流场基本相同。
首先计算得出稳态的中间包流场,然后从入口处瞬时加入一定浓度的示踪剂,计算瞬态的中间包内钢液的流动方程和示踪剂在中间包内的扩散方程,跟踪监测出口处示踪剂的浓度变化,从而得到平均停留时间(RTD)曲线。图3为原方案的RTD曲线,图4所为优化方案的RTD曲线,通过对RTD曲线分析计算死区、混合区、活塞区体积,表1为RTD分析的结果。
图3图4表1可知,对比原方案和优化方案,在挡墙的位置不动、挡坝与挡墙的间距变化时,平均停留时间和死区体积分数基本相同,死区体积(Vd)由14.80%降为13.23%,降低了10.61%,中间包内开始出现示踪剂时间(tmin)由116 s延长为121 s,延长了4.31%,最大浓度出现时间(tpeak)由212 s延长为216 s,延长了1.89%,说明优化方案中间包内的钢液的混合状况较好,有利于夹杂物的聚集和上浮去除。
板坯连铸机采用优化方案的中间包内部结构进行生产,取中间包饼样和铸坯样分析试样中的夹杂物情况,图5为中间包饼样的夹杂物情况,图6为铸坯样的夹杂物情况。
图5可知,中间包饼样中大于100 μm的夹杂物1个,50~100 μm的夹杂物2个,同时还有小于50 μm的夹杂物,最大夹杂物尺寸为129 μm。7个铸坯试样中,只有15#试样有二个50 μm左右的夹杂物,其他试样的夹杂物都小于50 μm,见图6;12#试样为内弧试样,20~50 μm的夹杂物共有9个,比其它试样中的夹杂物多;铸坯试样中的大颗粒夹杂物较中间包饼样少,同时夹杂物的数量也明显减少,因此中间包和结晶器对钢水中的大颗粒夹杂物有一定的去除作用。双流板坯连铸机采用优化方案的控流装置能够满足生产工艺的要求。
(1)中间包内部优化方案(即挡坝向挡墙移近300 mm,与原方案相比中间包内死区的体积减少10.61%,中间包内开始出现示踪剂时间延长4.31%,均有利于中间包内钢液的混合和夹杂物的上浮去除。
(2)板坯连铸机中间包采用优化方案的内部结构,取样分析铸坯中的夹杂物情况,夹杂物尺寸均小于50 μm,能够满足生产工艺的要求。
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  • 接收时间:2021-09-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-02-25
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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