Article(id=1199661548001133310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199661546335994621, articleNumber=1009-5438(2022)01-0001-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1640102400000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763951201677, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1645718400000, pubDateStr=2022-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763951201677, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763951201677, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763951201677, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199661546335994621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2022', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763951201279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763959528511, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199696473341391309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199661546335994621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199696473341391310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1199661546335994621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=5, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199661548361843456, articleId=1199661548001133310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Study on Effects of Scratch Defect at Rail Bottom on Fatigue Life of High Speed Rail, columnId=1187100783049851249, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Expert Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of the scratch defect at rail bottom on fatigue life of rail are studied by MTS100T fatigue testing machine. The results showed that the ability of bearing load for rail was declined and its fatigue life was shortened with the transverse scratch defect at rail bottom. The depth of scratch defect at rail bottom obviously influences the fatigue life of rail. With the scratch defect at rail bottom of 75 mm long, if its depth is 0.3 mm, the fatigue life decreases by 27.2% on average, while if its depth is 0.5 mm, the fatigue life decreases by 31.4% on average.

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利用MTS100T实物疲劳试验机研究了高速钢轨轨底划伤缺陷对钢轨疲劳寿命的影响,研究得出当轨底存在横向划伤缺陷时,钢轨承受载荷的能力下降,钢轨的疲劳寿命缩短。轨底划伤缺陷的深度对钢轨疲劳寿命影响明显,长度为75 mm的轨底划伤缺陷,深度为0.3 mm时疲劳寿命平均降低27.2%,深度为0.5 mm时疲劳寿命平均降低31.4%。

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梁正伟(1970-),男,河南省洛阳市人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事大型材工艺、质量管理工作。

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梁正伟(1970-),男,河南省洛阳市人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事大型材工艺、质量管理工作。

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梁正伟(1970-),男,河南省洛阳市人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事大型材工艺、质量管理工作。

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分组 编号 位置 长度/mm 深度/mm
1组 11# 一侧 75 0.3
21# 中心 75 0.5
31# 一侧 75 0.5
2组 12# 一侧 75 0.3
22# 中心 75 0.5
32# 一侧 75 0.5
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轨底预制横向划伤缺陷

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分组 编号 位置 长度/mm 深度/mm
1组 11# 一侧 75 0.3
21# 中心 75 0.5
31# 一侧 75 0.5
2组 12# 一侧 75 0.3
22# 中心 75 0.5
32# 一侧 75 0.5
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轨底划伤缺陷对高速钢轨疲劳寿命的影响研究
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梁正伟 , 李智丽 , 张凤明 , 靳燕
包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2022,48(1): 1-5
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包钢科技 | 专家论坛 2022, 48(1): 1-5
轨底划伤缺陷对高速钢轨疲劳寿命的影响研究
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梁正伟, 李智丽, 张凤明, 靳燕
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 梁正伟(1970-),男,河南省洛阳市人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事大型材工艺、质量管理工作。

Study on Effects of Scratch Defect at Rail Bottom on Fatigue Life of High Speed Rail
Zheng-wei Liang, Zhi-li Li, Feng-ming Zhang, Yan Jin
Affiliations
  • Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2022-02-25
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利用MTS100T实物疲劳试验机研究了高速钢轨轨底划伤缺陷对钢轨疲劳寿命的影响,研究得出当轨底存在横向划伤缺陷时,钢轨承受载荷的能力下降,钢轨的疲劳寿命缩短。轨底划伤缺陷的深度对钢轨疲劳寿命影响明显,长度为75 mm的轨底划伤缺陷,深度为0.3 mm时疲劳寿命平均降低27.2%,深度为0.5 mm时疲劳寿命平均降低31.4%。

高速钢轨  /  划伤缺陷  /  疲劳寿命

The effects of the scratch defect at rail bottom on fatigue life of rail are studied by MTS100T fatigue testing machine. The results showed that the ability of bearing load for rail was declined and its fatigue life was shortened with the transverse scratch defect at rail bottom. The depth of scratch defect at rail bottom obviously influences the fatigue life of rail. With the scratch defect at rail bottom of 75 mm long, if its depth is 0.3 mm, the fatigue life decreases by 27.2% on average, while if its depth is 0.5 mm, the fatigue life decreases by 31.4% on average.

high speed rail  /  scratch defect  /  fatigue life
梁正伟, 李智丽, 张凤明, 靳燕. 轨底划伤缺陷对高速钢轨疲劳寿命的影响研究. 包钢科技, 2022 , 48 (1) : 1 -5 .
Zheng-wei Liang, Zhi-li Li, Feng-ming Zhang, Yan Jin. Study on Effects of Scratch Defect at Rail Bottom on Fatigue Life of High Speed Rail[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2022 , 48 (1) : 1 -5 .
钢轨是铁路轨道的重要部件,随着列车速度的提高和重载列车的开行,对轨道的破坏不断加剧,从而影响行车安全。钢轨轨底截面形状结构不规则,受力不均匀,高速、重载列车对钢轨轨底的动力作用产生的疲劳伤损使钢轨从轨底发生开裂、折断等现象,严重影响行车安全[1]。轨底常见的缺陷有锈坑、轨底划痕和轨底轧制缺陷等[2],钢轨服役过程中在轨底缺陷部位容易产生应力集中,可造成轨底横向裂纹扩展引发钢轨断裂[3-4]。由于钢轨在运输装卸及线路施工等过程中因操作不当会产生轨底横向划伤,给钢轨服役带来安全隐患,为此本文开展了轨底划伤缺陷对高速钢轨疲劳寿命影响的试验研究。
试验选取热轧态60 kg/m U71MnG高速钢轨,实验室模仿实际的轨底横向划伤,见图1,设计了不同位置和不同深度的缺陷,用机加工钻头在钢轨的轨底预制横向划伤缺陷,并在MTS100T实物疲劳试验机上开展钢轨的实物疲劳试验。本试验取两组疲劳试验钢轨,每组在同一支钢轨上连续取4支试样。参照TB/T 1354—79《钢轨实物弯曲疲劳试验方法》[5],钢轨实物疲劳试样的长度为1.2 m,试验跨距为1 m,采用三点弯曲。参考高速钢轨使用时的最大轴重范围15~20 t,确定初始加载载荷为200 kN,采用应力对称循环系数(R)为-0.2以及压-回弹方式开展动态疲劳试验,疲劳试验条件接近钢轨实际使用工况。
根据线路实际轨底划伤情况,实验室在轨底预制了横向划伤缺陷,缺陷预制的位置位于钢轨试样纵向长度的1/2处,在该部位的轨底面上分别在宽度方向的中心部位及一侧预制横向划伤缺陷,缺陷长度为75 mm,深度分别为0.3 mm、0.5 mm,轨底预制横向划伤缺陷具体见表1。采用机加工设备用钻头在钢轨轨底面预制划伤缺陷,如图2所示。
第一组4支试样疲劳试验加载条件相同,轨底预制的横向划伤情况不同,11#试样在轨底一侧,长度75 mm,深度0.3 mm;21#试样在轨底中心,长度75 mm,深度0.5 mm;31#试样在轨底一侧,长度75 mm,深度0.5 mm;41#试样为对比试样未预制缺陷,疲劳试验结果见图3
图3所示,第一组试验钢轨采用R为-0.2压-回弹模式进行疲劳试验,在初始载荷为200 kN试验条件下都通过了200万次,之后采用加速试验方式,每提高100 kN载荷循环加载30万次通过后,继续增加100 kN载荷直至试样疲劳断裂。如图3(a)所示,11#试样钢轨增加载荷至600 kN时循环3.377 7万次,从轨底预制的划伤部位起断,总疲劳次数为293.38万次;如图3(b)所示,21#试样钢轨加载至500 kN时循环14.969 3万次,从轨底预制的划伤部位起断,总疲劳次数为274.96万次;如图3(c)所示,31#试样钢轨加载至500 kN时循环24.426 7万次,从轨底预制的划伤部位起断,总疲劳次数为284.43万次;如图3(d)所示,41#试样钢轨加载至700 kN时循环了42.078 万次从轨底部位断裂,总疲劳次数392.078万次。
第二组4支钢轨试样的疲劳试验加载条件与第一组相同,轨底预制的横向划伤情况也与第一组完全相同(见表1),疲劳试验结果见图4
图4所示,12#试样钢轨同样是加载至600 kN时从轨底预制的划伤部位起断,其循环次数为4.217 6万次,总疲劳次数为294.22万次;22#试样钢轨加载至500 kN循环了13.292 0万次时从轨底预制的划伤部位起断,总疲劳次数为273.29万次;32#试样钢轨加载至500 kN循环了13.470 2万次时从轨底预制的划伤部位起断,总疲劳次数为273.47万次;42#试样钢轨加载至700 kN试验至64万次时因设备故障停机,钢轨未断,总疲劳次数414.362 0万次。
第一组和第二组钢轨的疲劳试验结果规律相同,疲劳试验结果的一致性较好,具体疲劳试验结果对比见图5。在相同的试验参数和试验工艺条件下,当钢轨预制缺陷深度为0.3 mm时,与未预制缺陷钢轨对比,总循环次数分别缩短了25.3%和29.0%,平均缩短27.2%;钢轨预制缺陷深度为0.5 mm时,与未预制缺陷钢轨对比,总循环次数分别缩短了28.7%和34.0%,平均缩短31.4%。表明当轨底存在横向划伤缺陷时,钢轨的疲劳寿命缩短。如图3图4所示试验钢轨缺陷深度为0.3 mm时是在载荷600 kN出现断裂,而缺陷深度为0.5 mm时则提前到了500 kN载荷就出现断裂,钢轨表现出承受载荷的能力下降,即随轨底缺陷深度的增大,钢轨的疲劳断裂加快。钢轨疲劳不仅反映在循环次数缩短,同时反映在钢轨能够承受的疲劳载荷降低。
对钢轨疲劳试验的断口形貌进行对比观察,见图6。钢轨试样在循环加载载荷的作用下,在轨底预制的横向划伤缺陷部位产生了应力集中,随着加载周期的延长以及载荷的增大,在应力集中部位产生疲劳,形成疲劳核,疲劳核长大到一定尺寸,开始迅速失稳扩展,最终钢轨发生断裂。
利用扫描电镜对钢轨的疲劳断裂断口进行微观分析。图7为钢轨轨底产生的疲劳核以及扩展区的形貌。疲劳核起始于轨底划伤部位,可见典型的疲劳辉纹,其上分布有二次微裂纹,扩展区为典型的荷叶状解理形貌。
(1)当轨底存在横向划伤缺陷时,钢轨的疲劳寿命缩短,缺陷深度为0.3 mm时钢轨的疲劳寿命平均缩短27.2%;缺陷深度为0.5 mm时钢轨的疲劳寿命平均缩短31.4%。
(2)随轨底缺陷深度的增大,钢轨疲劳断裂加快,钢轨疲劳不仅反映在循环次数缩短,同时反映在钢轨能够承受的疲劳载荷降低。
参考文献 引证文献
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吴彦杰. 钢轨疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究[D]. 石家庄: 石家庄铁道大学, 2016.
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许庆太. 50 kg/m钢轨轨底缺陷的检验和分析[J]. 鞍钢技术, 1997,(4):37-42.
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2022年第48卷第1期
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  • 接收时间:2021-12-22
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2022-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-22
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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