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Article(id=1198550869454193353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550864987254948, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)06-0027-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696694400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763686395276, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1703433600000, pubDateStr=2023-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763686395276, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763686395276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763686395276, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198550864987254948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763686394210, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764231183111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200835875295843255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550864987254948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200835875300037560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550864987254948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=27, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198550869810709218, articleId=1198550869454193353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development of BNS, X60QS and X65QS Grade Acid Corrosion-resistant Line Pipe, columnId=1198550865733841063, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Special Issue for Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the paper, the composition design and industrial trial production process of BNS, X60QS and X65QS grade acid corrosion-resistant line pipe are introduced, the effects of normalizing, quenching and tempering processes on metallographic structure and mechanical properties of the hot rolled steel pipe are studied as well as acid corrosion resistance of the product is analyzed. The trial production results showed that the mechanical properties and acid corrosion resistance of BNS grade line pipe produced with normalizing process as well as X60QS grade and X65QS grade line pipes produced with quenching and tempering process could fully satisfy the API Spec 5L standard requirements.

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文章介绍了BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级耐酸性腐蚀管线管的成分设计和工业试制过程,研究了正火工艺和调质工艺对热轧之后钢管的金相组织及机械性能的影响,分析了产品的耐酸性腐蚀性能。试制结果表明,采用正火工艺生产的BNS钢级管线管的机械性能和耐酸性腐蚀性能完全满足API Spec 5L规范要求,采用调质工艺生产的X60QS钢级和X65QS钢级管线管的机械性能和耐酸性腐蚀性能完全满足API Spec 5L规范要求。

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丰小冬(1975-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管的产品研发及质量控制等工作。

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丰小冬(1975-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管的产品研发及质量控制等工作。

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丰小冬(1975-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管的产品研发及质量控制等工作。

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articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198567069336826091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=李连诗, 韩观昌, journalName=小型无缝钢管生产, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李连诗, 韩观昌. 小型无缝钢管生产[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社,1989., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198567069471043824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=3, issue=1, pageStart=58, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=韩伏, 文辉, 朱守欣, journalName=现代交通与冶金材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩伏, 文辉, 朱守欣, 等. Q420C角钢钒钛微合金化工艺研究[J]. 现代交通与冶金材料, 2023, 3(1):58-64., articleTitle=Q420C角钢钒钛微合金化工艺研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198567069546541299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=王久彬, 潘秀兰, 张富强, journalName=连铸坯的凝固传输现象, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王久彬, 潘秀兰, 张富强. 连铸坯的凝固传输现象[M]. 沈阳: 辽宁科学技术出版社,1999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198567069643010294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=王雅贞, 李承祚, journalName=转炉炼钢问答, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雅贞, 李承祚. 转炉炼钢问答[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198567058804929374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198567058813317982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, companyId=1198567058804929374, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Pipe Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198567058821706591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, companyId=1198567058804929374, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198567058918175587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198567058926564196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, companyId=1198567058918175587, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Baotou Iron & Steel (Group) Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198567058930758501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, companyId=1198567058918175587, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198567065012498518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qegREGV0r5B9LZQyQ7co3w==, figureFileBig=XScyHN1ChkoIrvx2FmL7Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198567065113161819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=图1, caption=连续冷却转变曲线, figureFileSmall=qegREGV0r5B9LZQyQ7co3w==, figureFileBig=XScyHN1ChkoIrvx2FmL7Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198567065209630816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nTXFFnJJL9dhEyYEQBr2lA==, figureFileBig=Xu03IF2AybhBUfCtyHDx2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198567065331265641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=图2, caption=标准试样在奥氏体化之后采用不同冷却速率所获得的金相组织, figureFileSmall=nTXFFnJJL9dhEyYEQBr2lA==, figureFileBig=Xu03IF2AybhBUfCtyHDx2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198567065427734640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JUHhh/gTXDBNZHXJveA6/g==, figureFileBig=jSaOspqJn54oL24M8IJYeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198567065532592247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=图3, caption=钢管在不同生产工艺状态下的金相组织, figureFileSmall=JUHhh/gTXDBNZHXJveA6/g==, figureFileBig=jSaOspqJn54oL24M8IJYeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198567065603895418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C Si Mn P S Cr+Mo+V+
Ti+Al
≤0.12 ≤0.30 ≤1.00 ≤0.015 ≤0.005 适量
), ArticleFig(id=1198567065687781506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

10CrMoVTi钢的化学成分限量要求(质量分数)%

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C Si Mn P S Cr+Mo+V+
Ti+Al
≤0.12 ≤0.30 ≤1.00 ≤0.015 ≤0.005 适量
), ArticleFig(id=1198567065767473287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Rt0.5
/MPa		 Rm
/MPa		 Rt0.5/Rm A
/%		 aKV
/(J·cm-2)		 HV10
317 451 0.70 37 157 146
), ArticleFig(id=1198567065884913805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢管热轧态的机械性能检验结果

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Rt0.5
/MPa		 Rm
/MPa		 Rt0.5/Rm A
/%		 aKV
/(J·cm-2)		 HV10
317 451 0.70 37 157 146
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066019131538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢级 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/% aKV(纵向,0 ℃)/(J·cm-2) HV10 交货状态
BNS 245~450 415~655 ≤0.93 ≥25 ≥41 ≤250 正火处理
X60QS 415~565 520~760 ≤0.93 ≥21 ≥41 ≤250 调质处理
X65QS 450~600 535~760 ≤0.93 ≥20 ≥41 ≤250 调质处理
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066132377751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

5L规范对BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级管线管的机械性能及交货状态的技术要求

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钢级 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/% aKV(纵向,0 ℃)/(J·cm-2) HV10 交货状态
BNS 245~450 415~655 ≤0.93 ≥25 ≥41 ≤250 正火处理
X60QS 415~565 520~760 ≤0.93 ≥21 ≥41 ≤250 调质处理
X65QS 450~600 535~760 ≤0.93 ≥20 ≥41 ≤250 调质处理
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066266595486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却速率/(℃×s-1) 金相组织
1.0 PF+P
5.0 F+P
10.0 AF+B+P
20.0 AF+B
40.0 B
50.0 B+M
80.0 B+M
100.0 B+M
160.0 M+B
200.0 M
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066459533475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同冷却速率所获得的金相组织

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冷却速率/(℃×s-1) 金相组织
1.0 PF+P
5.0 F+P
10.0 AF+B+P
20.0 AF+B
40.0 B
50.0 B+M
80.0 B+M
100.0 B+M
160.0 M+B
200.0 M
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066560196776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工艺制度 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/% aKV(纵向,0 ℃)/(J·cm-2) HV10
制度1 305 441 0.69 39 217 141
制度2 523 618 0.85 23 229 195
制度3 511 608 0.84 24 241 183
制度4 489 583 0.84 25 258 172
制度5 473 564 0.84 26 275 164
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066656665773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

钢管经不同的热处理工艺处理后的机械性能

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工艺制度 Rt0.5/MPa Rm/MPa Rt0.5/Rm A/% aKV(纵向,0 ℃)/(J·cm-2) HV10
制度1 305 441 0.69 39 217 141
制度2 523 618 0.85 23 229 195
制度3 511 608 0.84 24 241 183
制度4 489 583 0.84 25 258 172
制度5 473 564 0.84 26 275 164
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066757329072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢级 CLR CTR CSR
BNS 0 0 0
X60QS 0 0 0
X65QS 0 0 0
NACE TM 0284—2016 ≤15% ≤5% ≤2%
), ArticleFig(id=1198567066916712629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

三组标准试样的氢致开裂试验结果%

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钢级 CLR CTR CSR
BNS 0 0 0
X60QS 0 0 0
X65QS 0 0 0
NACE TM 0284—2016 ≤15% ≤5% ≤2%
), ArticleFig(id=1198567067084484793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢级 恒定加载应力/MPa
BNS 176
X60QS 299
X65QS 324
), ArticleFig(id=1198567067180953790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, articleId=1198550869454193353, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同钢级所对应的恒定加载应力

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钢级 恒定加载应力/MPa
BNS 176
X60QS 299
X65QS 324
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BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级耐酸性腐蚀管线管的开发
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丰小冬 1 , 李晓 2 , 倪鑫 2 , 姚晓乐 1 , 石晓霞 1 , 姜海龙 1 , 米永峰 1
包钢科技 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部专辑 2023,49(6): 27-32
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包钢科技 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部专辑 2023, 49(6): 27-32
BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级耐酸性腐蚀管线管的开发
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丰小冬1, 李晓2, 倪鑫2, 姚晓乐1, 石晓霞1, 姜海龙1, 米永峰1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010

    • 丰小冬(1975-),男,内蒙古包头市人,高级工程师,现从事无缝钢管的产品研发及质量控制等工作。

Development of BNS, X60QS and X65QS Grade Acid Corrosion-resistant Line Pipe
Xiao-dong Feng1, Xiao Li2, Xin Ni2, Xiao-le Yao1, Xiao-xia Shi1, Hai-long Jiang1, Yong-feng Mi1
Affiliations
  • 1 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Pipe Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Baotou Iron & Steel (Group) Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-12-25
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摘要
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文章介绍了BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级耐酸性腐蚀管线管的成分设计和工业试制过程,研究了正火工艺和调质工艺对热轧之后钢管的金相组织及机械性能的影响,分析了产品的耐酸性腐蚀性能。试制结果表明,采用正火工艺生产的BNS钢级管线管的机械性能和耐酸性腐蚀性能完全满足API Spec 5L规范要求,采用调质工艺生产的X60QS钢级和X65QS钢级管线管的机械性能和耐酸性腐蚀性能完全满足API Spec 5L规范要求。

BNS钢级  /  X60QS钢级  /  X65QS钢级  /  酸性腐蚀  /  管线管  /  正火  /  调质

In the paper, the composition design and industrial trial production process of BNS, X60QS and X65QS grade acid corrosion-resistant line pipe are introduced, the effects of normalizing, quenching and tempering processes on metallographic structure and mechanical properties of the hot rolled steel pipe are studied as well as acid corrosion resistance of the product is analyzed. The trial production results showed that the mechanical properties and acid corrosion resistance of BNS grade line pipe produced with normalizing process as well as X60QS grade and X65QS grade line pipes produced with quenching and tempering process could fully satisfy the API Spec 5L standard requirements.

BNS grade  /  X60QS grade  /  X65QS grade  /  acid corrosion  /  line pipe  /  normalizing  /  quenching and tempering
丰小冬, 李晓, 倪鑫, 姚晓乐, 石晓霞, 姜海龙, 米永峰. BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级耐酸性腐蚀管线管的开发. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (6) : 27 -32 .
Xiao-dong Feng, Xiao Li, Xin Ni, Xiao-le Yao, Xiao-xia Shi, Hai-long Jiang, Yong-feng Mi. Development of BNS, X60QS and X65QS Grade Acid Corrosion-resistant Line Pipe[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (6) : 27 -32 .
正文
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管道运输具有经济、安全、高效和环保等优势,因而被广泛应用于石油和天然气的长距离输送。石油和天然气中含有的H2S会对管道造成酸性腐蚀,主要为氢致开裂(HIC)和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)两种破坏形式[1],由于属于材料的局部腐蚀,通常很难进行预防。内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司(简称包钢钢管公司)参照API Spec 5L—2018《管线钢管规范》要求(简称5L规范)[2],基于包钢钢管公司现有的工艺装备,成功开发了BNS钢级、X60QS钢级和X65QS钢级管线管。
1 试验材料
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1.1 钢种成分设计
为了保证材料具有良好的焊接性能,包钢钢管公司采用低碳当量进行成分设计;为了提高材料的耐H2S腐蚀性能,采用低P、低S的成分设计,添加Cr、Mo元素[1];为了保证材料的强韧性能,复合添加微合金化元素V、Ti和Al[3],设计钢种为10CrMoVTi,具体限量要求见表1。
1.2 试制过程
炼钢部试制了1炉10CrMoVTi钢,铸坯规格为Φ210 mm,采用Φ159 mm机组对管坯进行轧制,无缝钢管的规格为Φ168.3 mm×7.71 mm。
钢管生产工艺流程:铁水预处理→顶底复吹转炉冶炼→LF炉精炼→VD炉真空处理→喂CaSi线→电磁搅拌→圆坯连铸→定尺切割→堆垛缓冷→管坯加热→菌式穿孔→连续轧管→张力减径→冷床冷却→定尺锯切→无损矫直。
1.3 试制结果
钢管热轧之后的机械性能检验结果见表2,API Spec 5L规范对BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级管线管的机械性能及交货状态的技术要求见表3。
钢管热轧之后基体的金相组织以铁素体为主,其间弥散分布有少量的珠光体,不存在粗系夹杂物和大颗粒夹杂物,且A类、B类、C类和D类细系夹杂物均为0.5级。
2 绘制连续冷却转变曲线
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2.1 试验条件
采用规格为Φ168.3 mm×7.71 mm的热轧钢管作为试验材料,并将其加工制成规格为Φ3.0 mm×10.0 mm的标准试样。试验设备采用ForMasterDigitol全自动相变膨胀仪。
2.2 试验方案
依据标准YB/T 5128—2018进行试验,试验温度选900 ℃,恒温时间选10 min,冷却速率选在1.0~200 ℃/s之间。试验结束之后,沿热电偶处将标准试样进行纵切,观察并分析金相组织,参照标准试样的膨胀曲线,找出各个组织的相变转折点及所对应的转折温度,绘制连续冷却转变曲线[4]。
2.3 试验结果
由于10CrMoVTi为低碳亚共析钢,因此,连续冷却转变曲线存在铁素体析出区、珠光体转变区、贝氏体转变区和马氏体转变区。随着冷却速率的逐步增大,获得不同转变量的组织,并得到逐步的细化;奥氏体化温度Ac1为721 ℃,Ac3为868 ℃,标准试样在奥氏体化之后采用不同冷却速率所获得的金相组织见表4,所绘制的连续冷却转变曲线如图1所示。
标准试样在奥氏体化之后采用不同冷却速率所获得的金相组织如图2所示。当冷却速率低于1.0 ℃/s时,冷却后的组织为多边形铁素体和少量的珠光体,随着冷却速率的增加,多边形铁素体逐步得到细化;当冷却速率达到10.0 ℃/s时,多边形铁素体完全消失,开始出现针状铁素体和贝氏体,随着冷却速率的增加,贝氏体的占比在逐步增大;当冷却速率达到20.0 ℃/s时,珠光体完全消失;当冷却速率达到40.0 ℃/s时,针状铁素体完全消失,只发生贝氏体转变;当冷却速率达到50.0 ℃/s时,开始出现马氏体,随着冷却速率的增加,马氏体的占比在逐步增大;当冷却速率达到200.0 ℃/s时,贝氏体完全消失,只发生马氏体转变。
3 热处理工艺研究
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鉴于API Spec 5L规范对BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级管线管的机械性能及交货状态的限定要求,特对钢管进行了相应的正火处理及水淬调质处理,为了简化试验并增强对比效果,设计了5组热处理工艺制度。
3.1 试验条件
试验材料选用规格为Φ168.3 mm×7.71 mm的热轧态钢管,每组试验点选2个拉伸试样、3个冲击试样、1块硬度试样和1块金相试样,空气处于静止状态。
3.2 试验方案
10CrMoVTi属于亚共析钢,奥氏体化温度应该在Ac3以上30~50 ℃之间,故选900 ℃为好,并在此温度之下恒温一段时间,以便组织全部奥氏体化,成分达到均匀。参照计算公式:t=a×K×D≈26 min(t为加热时间;a为钢种系数,低碳钢燃气炉选1.2;K为装炉系数,密排方式选1.4;D为钢件的有效厚度,钢管选公称外径,即2×7.71 mm)[5],鉴于枝晶的因素,保温时间选30 min为好。热处理工艺制度如下。
制度1:钢管在900 ℃恒温30 min出炉进行空冷。
制度2:钢管在900 ℃恒温30 min出炉进行水冷,钢管在600 ℃恒温60 min出炉进行空冷。
制度3:钢管在900 ℃恒温30 min出炉进行水冷,钢管在630 ℃恒温60 min出炉进行空冷。
制度4:钢管在900 ℃恒温30 min出炉进行水冷,钢管在660 ℃恒温60 min出炉进行空冷。
制度5:钢管在900 ℃恒温30 min出炉进行水冷,钢管在690 ℃恒温60 min出炉进行空冷。
3.3 试验结果
钢管经不同的热处理工艺制度处理之后的机械性能检验结果见表5。从表5可以看出,正火处理之后钢管的机械性能均优于API Spec 5L规范对BNS钢级管线管的技术要求,水淬调质处理之后钢管的机械性能均优于API Spec 5L规范对X60QS和X65QS钢级管线管的技术要求。
钢管经不同的热处理工艺处理后的金相组织如图3所示。从图3(b)可以看出,正火处理之后钢管的组织仍为铁素体+珠光体,晶粒得到一定程度的细化和球化,枝晶轴的间距变短;从图3(c)可以看出,水淬调质处理之后钢管的组织为回火索氏体+低碳贝氏体+针状铁素体。
综合考虑管线管的机械性能和工业生产的可操作性,BNS钢级管线管采用制度1进行生产,X60QS钢级管线管采用制度4进行生产,X65QS钢级管线管采用制度3进行生产。
4 酸性腐蚀性能试验
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氢致开裂试验和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂试验所选用的试验材料相同,BNS钢级选用经过制度1处理之后的钢管,X60QS钢级选用经过制度4处理之后的钢管,X65QS钢级选用经过制度3处理之后的钢管。
4.1 氢致开裂试验
在酸性环境中,受腐蚀而析出的氢原子向钢材内部进行渗透,并在杂质、夹杂物的界面和位错等缺陷部位聚合成氢分子,产生的膨胀力导致周围组织屈服,引起界面开裂,形成氢致鼓泡;在钢材内部发生氢致鼓泡的区域,若氢的压力继续增高,则不同层面上相邻的氢致鼓泡裂纹之间相互进行连接,形成阶梯状的内部裂纹,称为氢致开裂[1]。
试验过程:参照NACE TM 0284—2016标准,在常温常压之下、经过96 h的A溶液连续浸泡,剖面检查标准试样是否存在裂纹或氢致鼓泡[6],三组标准试样的氢致开裂试验结果见表6。
试验结果:三组标准试样均不存在裂纹,但内表面均存在极少量的氢致鼓泡。
4.2 硫化物应力腐蚀开裂试验
在应力和酸性介质的共同作用下,若金属表面的钝化膜破裂,反应析出的氢原子进入钢材内部,在硫化物的界面、偏析带和位错等缺陷部位进行富集,合成的氢分子溶解于晶格之内,晶格产生变形导致韧性降低,所产生的膨胀力引发垂直于应力方向的微裂纹,在应力的作用下,微裂纹开始扩展直至脆性开裂,称为硫化物应力腐蚀开裂[1]。
试验过程:参照NACE TM 0177—2016标准,在常温常压及恒定载荷应力之下,经过720 h的A溶液连续浸泡,检查标准试样是否发生开裂或存在裂纹[7],不同钢级所对应的恒定加载应力见表7。
试验结果:三组标准试样均保持完好,不存在裂纹。
5 分析与讨论
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5.1 热轧工艺对组织及性能的影响
块状铁素体的存在说明选分结晶比较明显,固溶于奥氏体中的C、Mn溶质元素能够降低转变温度A3,而Si、Cr、V等溶质元素能够升高转变温度A3;热轧之后钢管的温度降到A3时首先在富含Si、Cr、V等溶质元素的区域析出铁素体,继而在富含C、Mn溶质元素的区域析出铁素体,其间饱和的C、Mn、Si、Cr、V等溶质元素不断向周围区域进行扩散析出,导致过冷奥氏体中溶质元素的浓度不断增大,温度降到A1时浓度达到共析成分,过冷奥氏体发生共析反应生成珠光体[8]。
管坯在斜轧穿孔过程中产生较大的变形量,表面层受三个方向压应力作用,中间的塑性区不仅受切应力作用,还受到切向、轴向拉应力作用,晶粒在复合应力的作用下破碎,产生大量的位错缺陷和内应力[9];穿孔过程中析出TiN质点、轧管过程中析出V(C,N)颗粒,二者均能钉扎在奥氏体晶界,相变时可作为异质核心,诱导铁素体在晶内形核,促进铁素体的数量增加,产生位错亚结构,达到细晶强化的效果[10],软韧的铁素体居多,导致钢管具有一定的强度、硬度和良好的塑韧性。
5.2 正火工艺对组织及性能的影响
钢管在奥氏体化的加热过程中,组织先后经历了回复、再结晶和晶粒长大三个过程。回复过程中位错采用滑移方式得以重新排列,异号位错对消导致位错密度大幅降低,应力得到大幅的消除,相邻亚晶合并长大。再结晶过程中畸变晶粒通过形核、长大形成无畸变的等轴晶粒,组织得到软化和细化,应力得到完全消除,组织达到稳定状态[8]。再结晶过程完成之后,继续提高加热温度会引起晶粒的长大。
析出的V(C,N)颗粒在加热过程中能够全部溶入奥氏体,析出的TiN质点却不能进行回溶,仍滞留在奥氏体晶界处。由于晶粒得到细化,晶界面积相应增加,钉扎在奥氏体晶界处的TiN质点的数量相对明显不足,析出强化达不到预期效果,组织软化的效果大于细晶强化的效果,导致强度和硬度均有所降低,珠光体中的渗碳体呈离散的岛状分布,能够有效阻止裂纹扩展,进而提高延伸率和韧性。
5.3 水淬调质工艺对组织及性能的影响
水淬过程中奥氏体转变为板条马氏体,由于相变时间极短,溶质元素来不及析出,导致选分结晶无法进行,因此,马氏体仍保持奥氏体的成分,不存在成分偏析。钢管沿壁厚方向的冷速不同,中间部位的冷速最低,来不及转变为马氏体的过冷奥氏体将依次转变为低碳贝氏体和针状铁素体;高温回火过程中板条马氏体转变为回火索氏体,低碳贝氏体和针状铁素体不发生转变。
回火索氏体中的铁素体呈等轴状,碳化物呈颗粒状;低碳贝氏体中的铁素体板条之间呈一定的交角排列,具有位错的亚结构;针状铁素体相互交错排列,晶粒内分布着细小的粒状碳化物,具有位错缠结的亚结构[8]。上述混合组织导致调质处理之后钢管的延伸率得到大幅降低,而强度、硬度和韧性均得到大幅提高,并能有效化解冲击,阻止疲劳裂纹的产生,钢管具有良好的焊接性能。
5.4 耐酸性腐蚀性能分析
氢致开裂的三组标准试样的内表面均存在极少量的氢致鼓泡,说明三组标准试样在此处均存在少量的夹杂物。钢液凝固是个不平衡的冷却过程,先后经历激冷晶、柱状晶和等轴晶三种形成阶段,激冷晶不存在成分偏析和夹杂物,稳定的径向热流导致柱状晶的快速成长,不断析出溶质元素和低熔点的夹杂物,故柱状晶的纯度相对较高,选分结晶导致心部的等轴晶存在高浓度的溶质元素和低熔点的夹杂物[11],经过菌式穿孔和连续轧管,管坯的中心部位扩展成钢管的内表面。
四点弯曲的三组标准试样均保持完好,说明三组标准试样表面的钝化膜均未破裂。Cr和Mo均能在试验钢的表面形成一层阻碍H2S和CO2进入的钝化膜,Cr能抑制S的吸附,提高耐CO2的腐蚀性能,Mo能改善点腐蚀[1]。真空处理阶段喂适量的CaSi线对夹杂物进行球化处理,配以软吹Ar促使夹杂物浮入钢渣之中,连铸阶段采用电磁搅拌工艺以减轻成分偏析[12]。细化的铁素体、球化的珠光体、回火索氏体、低碳贝氏体和针状铁素体均能有效抵抗硫化物应力腐蚀。
6 结束语
收起
采用微合金化技术,以10CrMoVTi作为原料钢种,经过“转炉冶炼→LF炉精炼→真空处理→圆坯连铸→定尺切割→管坯加热→菌式穿孔→连续轧管→张力减径→定尺锯切→无损矫直→正火处理或水淬调质处理”的工艺路线,能够生产出夹杂物少、组织均匀、尺寸精确、性能稳定的BNS、X60QS和X65QS钢级管线管,为输气管道提供一种安全、优质、环保的耐酸性腐蚀管线管。
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  • 接收时间：2023-10-08
  • 首发时间：2025-11-21
  • 出版时间：2023-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-10-08
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢管有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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