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Article(id=1198550867411562691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550864987254948, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)06-0073-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696694400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763686394788, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1703433600000, pubDateStr=2023-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763686394788, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763686394788, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763686394788, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198550864987254948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763686394210, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764231183111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200835875295843255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550864987254948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200835875300037560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550864987254948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=73, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198550868573384925, articleId=1198550867411562691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Flat Steel of Electrode Rolled with Armco Iron, columnId=1198550865733841063, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Special Issue for Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The armco iron is low carbon steel with such characteristics as soft texture, high toughness and good ductility. The cracks, bending and defects of appearance are easy to occur when rolling flat steel of electrode with armco iron as raw material. Such product defects as dimensional accuracy and cracks for flat steel of electrode are effectively controlled by such measures as improving heating system, optimizing pass and rolling route so that the stable production of products with armco iron is realized.

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工业纯铁属于低碳钢,具有质地柔软、韧性大、延展性好等特点。以工业纯铁为原料轧制电极扁钢时易出现裂纹、弯曲以及外形缺陷。通过改进加热制度、优化孔型、改进轧制方式等措施,使电极扁钢尺寸精度及裂纹等产品缺陷得到有效控制,实现了工业纯铁产品稳定生产。

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杜岳明(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事钢轧质量管理工作。

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杜岳明(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事钢轧质量管理工作。

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杜岳明(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事钢轧质量管理工作。

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序号 几何尺寸/mm 弯曲度
/(mm·m-1)		 扭转
/(mm·m-1)
高 宽
1 181.26 221.22 1.20 4
2 181.28 221.54 0.84 3
3 181.24 221.28 0.96 0
4 181.36 221.42 1.04 1
5 181.16 221.36 1.12 2
6 181.44 221.36 0.76 0
7 181.32 221.42 0.84 3
8 181.18 221.18 1.26 2
9 181.24 221.28 1.32 3
10 181.08 221.32 0.96 2
11 181.12 221.24 0.98 0
12 181.38 221.42 1.14 1
13 181.42 221.36 1.24 2
14 181.44 221.28 1.32 3
15 181.26 221.42 1.28 3
16 181.32 221.34 1.20 3
17 181.20 221.08 0.96 0
18 181.52 221.34 1.14 2
19 181.36 221.26 1.18 1
20 181.46 221.24 0.78 2
21 181.14 221.26 1.24 2
22 181.34 221.42 1.22 3
23 181.36 221.38 1.24 1
24 181.42 221.34 1.14 2
25 181.44 221.42 1.06 2
26 181.46 221.64 1.22 0
27 181.26 221.22 0.98 3
28 181.28 221.42 1.00 2
29 181.32 221.46 0.98 1
30 181.42 221.24 1.08 2
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尺寸测量情况

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序号 几何尺寸/mm 弯曲度
/(mm·m-1)		 扭转
/(mm·m-1)
高 宽
1 181.26 221.22 1.20 4
2 181.28 221.54 0.84 3
3 181.24 221.28 0.96 0
4 181.36 221.42 1.04 1
5 181.16 221.36 1.12 2
6 181.44 221.36 0.76 0
7 181.32 221.42 0.84 3
8 181.18 221.18 1.26 2
9 181.24 221.28 1.32 3
10 181.08 221.32 0.96 2
11 181.12 221.24 0.98 0
12 181.38 221.42 1.14 1
13 181.42 221.36 1.24 2
14 181.44 221.28 1.32 3
15 181.26 221.42 1.28 3
16 181.32 221.34 1.20 3
17 181.20 221.08 0.96 0
18 181.52 221.34 1.14 2
19 181.36 221.26 1.18 1
20 181.46 221.24 0.78 2
21 181.14 221.26 1.24 2
22 181.34 221.42 1.22 3
23 181.36 221.38 1.24 1
24 181.42 221.34 1.14 2
25 181.44 221.42 1.06 2
26 181.46 221.64 1.22 0
27 181.26 221.22 0.98 3
28 181.28 221.42 1.00 2
29 181.32 221.46 0.98 1
30 181.42 221.24 1.08 2
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加热时间/min 加热温度/℃
预热段 加热段 均热段 总计 预热段 加热Ⅰ段 加热Ⅱ段 均热段
40 80 30 150 ≤850 1 150~1 220 1 050~1 180 1 100~1 150
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加热制度

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加热时间/min 加热温度/℃
预热段 加热段 均热段 总计 预热段 加热Ⅰ段 加热Ⅱ段 均热段
40 80 30 150 ≤850 1 150~1 220 1 050~1 180 1 100~1 150
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工业纯铁轧制电极扁钢
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杜岳明 1 , 丁宇 2 , 谢宏 2 , 白彬亨 1 , 莫日格吉勒 1 , 李宇龙 1 , 胡所军 1
包钢科技 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部专辑 2023,49(6): 73-76
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包钢科技 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部专辑 2023, 49(6): 73-76
工业纯铁轧制电极扁钢
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杜岳明1, 丁宇2, 谢宏2, 白彬亨1, 莫日格吉勒1, 李宇龙1, 胡所军1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司特钢分公司,内蒙古 包头 014010

    • 杜岳明(1990-),男,内蒙古包头市人,工程师,现从事钢轧质量管理工作。

Flat Steel of Electrode Rolled with Armco Iron
Yue-ming Du1, Yu Ding2, Hong Xie2, Bin-heng Bai1, Ri Ge Ji Le Mo1, Yu-long Li1, Suo-jun Hu1
Affiliations
  • 1 Manufacturing Dept. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Special Steel Branch Co. of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-12-25
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摘要
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工业纯铁属于低碳钢,具有质地柔软、韧性大、延展性好等特点。以工业纯铁为原料轧制电极扁钢时易出现裂纹、弯曲以及外形缺陷。通过改进加热制度、优化孔型、改进轧制方式等措施,使电极扁钢尺寸精度及裂纹等产品缺陷得到有效控制,实现了工业纯铁产品稳定生产。

工业纯铁  /  缺陷  /  温度  /  孔型  /  轧制方式

The armco iron is low carbon steel with such characteristics as soft texture, high toughness and good ductility. The cracks, bending and defects of appearance are easy to occur when rolling flat steel of electrode with armco iron as raw material. Such product defects as dimensional accuracy and cracks for flat steel of electrode are effectively controlled by such measures as improving heating system, optimizing pass and rolling route so that the stable production of products with armco iron is realized.

armco iron  /  defect  /  temperature  /  pass  /  rolling route
杜岳明, 丁宇, 谢宏, 白彬亨, 莫日格吉勒, 李宇龙, 胡所军. 工业纯铁轧制电极扁钢. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (6) : 73 -76 .
Yue-ming Du, Yu Ding, Hong Xie, Bin-heng Bai, Ri Ge Ji Le Mo, Yu-long Li, Suo-jun Hu. Flat Steel of Electrode Rolled with Armco Iron[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (6) : 73 -76 .
正文
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工业上将碳质量分数小于0.021 8%的铁称为纯铁[1]。工业纯铁是近几年包钢特钢产品结构调整后的主要产品,主要包括电磁纯铁和原料纯铁,用途非常广泛,但对质量要求很高,工业纯铁是目前包钢采用转炉冶炼钢中碳含量最低的钢种。纯铁室温组织以铁素体为主,具有质地柔软、韧性大、延展性好、电磁性能优异等特点,而现有钢的微观组织多为珠光体+铁素体。目前电极扁钢化学成分要求向低碳趋势发展,由于阴极扁钢长期在高温条件下服役,不仅要求电极扁钢具有良好的导电性(即电阻率低),还要求有较低的热膨胀系数和较高的强度。与普通材质电极扁钢相比,工业纯铁电极扁钢因电阻率低、膨胀系数低且制造成本低廉受到电解行业的青睐,有良好的应用前景。
以工业纯铁为原料轧制电极扁钢如果控制不当,电极扁钢容易出现角裂,在轧制过程中还易产生刮伤及弯曲,造成成材率低、产品质量不稳定。因此,为了轧制出符合用户要求的产品,需要对工业纯铁轧制工艺进行研究。
1 轧制方法
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以包钢现有生产流程为基础,针对工业纯铁轧制质量控制难度大等问题,进行工艺完善。由于工业纯铁属于低碳钢(合金总含量不大于0.35%),材质质地软,造成轧制时控制难度大,通过对轧辊孔型、加热制度以及轧制方式等方面的研究,提高产品质量。
1.1 孔型设计
由于工业纯铁扁钢规格较多,在保证产品质量的前提下,连轧机组的孔型尽可能共用,以减少轧辊投入,降低轧制成本。
以65 mm×230 mm规格电极扁钢为例,孔型设计见图1[2-3]。根据原料及成品尺寸,确定连轧机组采用5架轧制,匹配各道次压下量,适当调整使得各道次压下量在合理范围之内,以保证纯铁扁钢轧制质量。第一道次采用代替孔型,第二道次为专用孔型,第三道次为代替孔型,第四道次为专用孔型,第五道次为专用孔型。
轧辊孔型优化后,通过实地对工业纯铁电极扁钢成品尺寸测量,可以得出成品尺寸偏差均能控制在±2 mm内,弯曲度控制在3 mm/m范围内,扭转控制在5 mm/m范围内,均能满足行业标准要求,见表1。
1.2 加热制度
对加热制度进行优化,将加热Ⅰ段温度由1 240 ℃降低至1 180 ℃,加热时既要保证烧透、均匀,又不能使坯料产生过热或角部裂纹;加热速度按低碳钢进行控制,烧钢温度按中上限进行控制,尽量减少阴阳面,防止过热、过烧和脱碳。在炉时间和温度根据轧机轧制速度可做适当调整。具体加热制度见表2。
加热制度调整后,为了保证充分的加热和保温时间,保证钢中组织均匀,在轧制工业纯铁时应固化加热温度为1 100~1 180 ℃,终轧温度为750~820 ℃,此温度区间为650~950 ℃中温轧制区间,在此温度区间的工业纯铁组织为α-Fe,材料抗拉强度较大,塑性较好,同时在轧制过程中有利于控制热轧态的产品几何尺寸和弯曲度[4]。所以,工业纯铁电极扁钢的轧制温度范围要避开产生过热和过烧的高温区和产生相变的温度范围,角裂率由之前的70%~80%降低至1%以下,大大降低电极扁钢角部开裂率。
1.3 轧制方式
结合包钢现有工艺技术与装备情况,采用Φ850 mm轧辊开坯,Φ700 mm、Φ550 mm连轧机组小批量试制69 mm×198 mm规格工业纯铁电极扁钢。为了验证不同开坯形式对产品质量的影响,编制平轧、立轧和平轧大压下量三种开坯方案。
(1)平轧正常压下量轧制方案。原料平装,出加热炉后,到Φ850 mm开坯机不翻钢,以宽面320 mm直接进Ⅰ孔,进行第一、二道次压下,每道次压下量为20 mm,后续根据原料大小在合适孔型压下。
(2)立轧正常压下量轧制方案。原料平装,出加热炉后,到Φ850 mm开坯机翻钢后以高面230 mm进Ⅰ孔进行前四道次压下,总压下量为90 mm,后续根据原料大小在合适孔型压下。
(3)平轧大压下量轧制方案。原料平装,出加热炉后,到Φ850 mm开坯机不翻钢,以宽面320 mm直接进Ⅰ孔,采取大压下量进行第一道次压下,压下量为40 mm,后续根据原料大小在合适孔型压下。
三种轧制方式产品低倍组织见图2。
由图2可知,试样中心组织良好,平轧与立轧低倍组织无明显区别;平轧正常压下量与平轧大压下量的低倍组织无明显区别。从轧制结果看,采用立轧轧件容易出现扭转,采用平轧正常压下量轧制方案效果比较好。
3 结束语
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通过对工业纯铁轧制工艺的研究,采用工业纯铁轧制电极扁钢已形成规模生产,积累了一定的生产经验。目前通过对轧辊孔型、轧制方式以及加热制度的合理控制,工业纯铁电极扁钢的几何尺寸和表面质量得到有效控制,角裂率由之前的70%~80%降低至1%以下。
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参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
黄龙超, 刘南君, 王章洁, 等. 高纯铁的研发进展及展望[J]. 中国材料进展, 2021, 40(10):762-771.
[2]
赵松筠, 唐文林. 型钢孔型设计[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2000.
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许云祥. 型钢孔型设计[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社,1993.
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王新宇. 电磁纯铁圆钢表面裂纹成因分析[J]. 山西冶金, 2015, 38(5):41-42,45.
2023年第49卷第6期
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  • 接收时间：2023-10-08
  • 首发时间：2025-11-21
  • 出版时间：2023-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-10-08
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司制造部,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司特钢分公司,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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