Article(id=1198550349616345845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)04-0079-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1691769600000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763686271337, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763686271337, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763686271337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763686271337, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198550344985837722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763686270233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764231160152, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=79, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198550349897364232, articleId=1198550349616345845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Development of Wire Rod ER70S-G for Large Heat Input Welding, columnId=1187095652984042303, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Variety Quality and Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The chemical compositions of wire rod for large heat input welding are designed, its continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves are determined, key control parameters of smelting process are established and industrial trial production is carried out with twice-heating production by analyzing the influences of chemical elements on welding performances of wire rod. The results indicated that the Ti content needed to be controlled over 0.15% in order to increase the input quantity of welding energy; the non-metallic inclusion of TiN in steel was controlled effectively in smelting process to ensure the pouring in continuous casting process is trouble-free; the optimum cooling rate was controlled at around 1 ℃/s, microstructure obtained was ferrite+pearlite+a small amount of bainite; the performance examination results of wire rod could fully meet the requirements of technical agreement and its welding performances were good, there were no welding cold cracks after drawing by user.

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胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

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项目 C Si Mn P S Ti Ca
GB/T 3429—2015 ≤0.10 0.70~0.90 1.40~160 ≤0.020 ≤0.020 0.15~0.24 ≤0.001 5
内控要求 0.03~0.08 0.70~0.85 1.40~1.50 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 0.15~0.23 ≤0.001 0
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ER70S-G化学成分控制要求(质量分数)%

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项目 C Si Mn P S Ti Ca
GB/T 3429—2015 ≤0.10 0.70~0.90 1.40~160 ≤0.020 ≤0.020 0.15~0.24 ≤0.001 5
内控要求 0.03~0.08 0.70~0.85 1.40~1.50 ≤0.015 ≤0.015 0.15~0.23 ≤0.001 0
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项目 C Si Mn P S Ca Ti
最小值 0.044 0.749 1.471 0.012 0.006 0.001 1 0.174
最大值 0.078 0.780 1.580 0.015 0.011 0.001 4 0.221
平均值 0.056 0.766 1.536 0.013 0.009 0.001 3 0.202
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ER70S-G盘条的化学成分统计(质量分数)%

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项目 C Si Mn P S Ca Ti
最小值 0.044 0.749 1.471 0.012 0.006 0.001 1 0.174
最大值 0.078 0.780 1.580 0.015 0.011 0.001 4 0.221
平均值 0.056 0.766 1.536 0.013 0.009 0.001 3 0.202
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大线能量焊接用盘条ER70S-G的研制
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胡波 1 , 赵晓敏 2 , 翁举 3 , 吕曙辉 1 , 刘奇 1 , 赵志新 1 , 高丹 1
包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023,49(5): 79-83
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包钢科技 | 品种质量与试验研究 2023, 49(5): 79-83
大线能量焊接用盘条ER70S-G的研制
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胡波1, 赵晓敏2, 翁举3, 吕曙辉1, 刘奇1, 赵志新1, 高丹1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司长材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 胡 波(1973-),女,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,高级工程师,现从事线棒材新产品研发工作。

Development of Wire Rod ER70S-G for Large Heat Input Welding
Bo Hu1, Xiao-min Zhao2, Ju Weng3, Shu-hui Lv1, Qi Liu1, Zhi-xin Zhao1, Dan Gao1
Affiliations
  • 1 Long Products Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 2 Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • 3 Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25
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通过分析化学元素对盘条焊接性能的影响,设计了大线能量焊接用盘条的化学成分,测定了该钢种的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,制定了冶炼过程关键控制参数,采用二火成材工艺进行了工业试制。结果表明,为提高焊接能量输入量,Ti含量要控制再0.15%以上;冶炼过程较好地控制了钢中的TiN非金属夹杂物,保证连铸工艺浇注顺行;冷却速度控制在1 ℃/s左右最佳,得到的显微组织为铁素体+珠光体+少量的贝氏体;盘条各项性能检验结果完全满足技术协议要求,经用户拉拔使用后,焊接性能良好,未发生焊接冷裂纹问题。
大线能量  /  焊接用盘条  /  钛  /  冶炼  /  控冷

The chemical compositions of wire rod for large heat input welding are designed, its continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves are determined, key control parameters of smelting process are established and industrial trial production is carried out with twice-heating production by analyzing the influences of chemical elements on welding performances of wire rod. The results indicated that the Ti content needed to be controlled over 0.15% in order to increase the input quantity of welding energy; the non-metallic inclusion of TiN in steel was controlled effectively in smelting process to ensure the pouring in continuous casting process is trouble-free; the optimum cooling rate was controlled at around 1 ℃/s, microstructure obtained was ferrite+pearlite+a small amount of bainite; the performance examination results of wire rod could fully meet the requirements of technical agreement and its welding performances were good, there were no welding cold cracks after drawing by user.

large heat input  /  wire rod for welding  /  titanium  /  smelting  /  controlled cooling
胡波, 赵晓敏, 翁举, 吕曙辉, 刘奇, 赵志新, 高丹. 大线能量焊接用盘条ER70S-G的研制. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (5) : 79 -83 .
Bo Hu, Xiao-min Zhao, Ju Weng, Shu-hui Lv, Qi Liu, Zhi-xin Zhao, Dan Gao. Development of Wire Rod ER70S-G for Large Heat Input Welding[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (5) : 79 -83 .
随着钢结构制造行业的快速发展,钢结构对焊接效率、焊缝质量要求不断提高。大线能量焊接技术因其具有熔敷效率高、焊接速度快、焊接质量好、节约能源、操作方便、易于自动化焊接等优点,该焊接技术的应用显著增多[1]。然而在大的线能量输入下,普通焊丝的焊缝组织会在高温下变得粗大,从而导致焊缝区域的强度和韧性显著降低,焊接区域易发生开裂。因此,国内钢厂在开发适用于大线能量焊接用钢板的同时,也需要配套开发大线能量焊接用盘条。
包钢试制大线能量焊接用盘条ER70S-G采用的生产工艺路径为150 t转炉→LF精炼→大方坯连铸→开坯→线材轧制。试制出的大线能量焊接用盘条,发给下游用户,经粗拔→精拔→镀铜→焊接试验,盘条各项指标满足用户协议要求,盘条使用效果较好。
ER70S-G盘条化学成分控制要求见表1
ER70S-G盘条多用来加工气保焊丝,加工成直径Φ1.2 mm的焊丝。使用这种焊丝焊接作业时输入电流比较高,一般为320~400 A。焊接线能量输入大,带来的最直接问题就是焊接区域奥氏体晶粒易粗化,造成焊缝和焊接钢件强度和韧性降低,所以盘条的成分控制必须充分考虑这些问题并加以解决。
碳、硅是提高强度的主要元素,碳含量增加,材料的强度提高,但韧性降低,所以碳、硅含量尽量按下限控制。锰在钢中以固溶体形式存在,从而起到细化晶粒的作用,使得钢材的强度和韧性同时得到提高,改善钢的冲击韧性。一般情况下,多数焊接用钢的锰含量设计范围为0.80%~1.80%,这时焊缝的强度和韧性都比较好,而ER70S-G盘条由于要满足大线能量焊接要求,所以锰含量按上限控制。钛因其活泼的化学性质而具有强脱氧能力,在焊接熔融的液态金属中,钛会和碳、氮、氧形成大量Ti(C、N)、TiO2、Ti2O3化合物,这些细小并弥散的化合物可以作为焊缝区域熔融金属凝固时针状铁素体的非均质形核核心,促使焊缝区域形成大量细针状铁素体[2],从而达到细化焊缝晶粒、减少焊接飞溅的目的。同时,形成的Ti(C、N)化合物起到了固氮作用,减少焊缝中的气孔缺陷,保证焊接效果。氮对焊接用盘条的拉拔性能影响较大,一方面盘条的加工硬化会随着氮含量的增加而显著提高,另一方面当氮含量过高时,钛则会因固氮不足,降低焊缝的韧性,使得冲击韧性不合,因此,要严格控氮,保证Ti/N比例合适[3]。硫和磷都是有害元素,会严重恶化焊缝的性能,但是硫的含量不是越低越好,适当的硫能够提高熔池的流动性,因此,一般焊接用盘条都会规定硫含量的最小值(≥0.006%),以保证焊接性能。氧含量过高会影响焊缝的强度及韧性,还会形成气孔、产生飞溅等,所以钢中气体含量需要尽量往低控制。另外,铝和残余元素对焊接性能和生产的连续性也有较大影响,在生产中也需要重点控制。
ER70S-G盘条主要生产工艺流程:高炉铁水→铁水预处理→转炉顶底复吹冶炼→LF精炼→连铸→开坯→高线轧制。
铁水采取KR法预脱硫,脱硫所用物料务必干燥、无夹杂;使用专用废钢,废钢可根据铁水硅含量及铁耗控制要求适当调整;入炉铁水硫含量不大于0.020%。
采用顶底复吹转炉冶炼,低碳出钢,出钢碳控制目标不大于0.06%,终渣碱度按3.0控制,转炉出钢温度控制范围为1 600~1 640 ℃,采用硅铁、低碳锰铁合金化,终脱氧采用硅锰合金脱氧。采用滑板挡渣,严格控制下渣量,防止出钢过程回磷。
LF精炼就位温度在1 550 ℃左右,离位温度为1 585 ℃,加入足量的低铝钛铁合金,全程吹氩操作,软吹时间不低于10 min,以保证钢中各类夹杂物充分上浮。浇注铸坯断面为280 mm×380 mm,按0.65 m/min恒拉速进行操作。
280 mm×380 mm铸坯经开坯轧成150 mm×150 mm小方坯。开坯前铸坯加热温度为1 180~1 240 ℃,开轧温度为1 070~1 130 ℃,终轧温度为960~980 ℃。轧后钢坯送至高速线材生产线轧成Φ6.5 mm的盘条。
高线生产工艺控制要求,设定150 mm×150 mm小方坯加热温度为1 080~1 130 ℃,钢坯出加热炉咬入轧机前使用高压水除鳞,去除表面氧化铁皮。高线轧制设定开轧温度为980~1 020 ℃,精轧入口温度为880±20 ℃,吐丝温度为880±10 ℃,盘条吐丝后缓慢冷却,关闭斯太尔摩冷却线所有风机和保温罩,按逐次递增模式调整输送辊道速度,盘条进入保温罩的温度控制在750 ℃左右,以保证奥氏体在保温罩内充分发生相变。
ER70S-G盘条的化学成分分析结果见表2。由表2可知,盘条的主要化学成分符合内控要求,仅钙含量略高,但是满足国标要求。理想的化学成分控制结果为盘条性能提供了保障。
盘条成品中的ω[N]、ω[O]控制理想,分别为0.004 4%~0.004 8%和0.001 5%~0.002 8%。
盘条取样做金相组织检验。使用LEICA DMIRM型光学显微镜,观察试样在100倍、200倍、500倍视野下的金相组织,如图1所示。试样的金相组织为铁素体+珠光体+少量贝氏体,晶粒度为9.5~10级,晶粒较细且分布均匀,有益于获得良好的力学性能,说明轧制工艺和高线冷却工艺恰当合理。
试制盘条常规力学性能检测结果显示,抗拉强度为530~590 MPa,平均值为563.8 MPa;面缩率为74%~81%,平均值为78.2%,数据表明盘条的力学性能表现良好,达到了试制目标,具体性能见图2
试制盘条发往焊丝厂进行试用,用户反馈拉丝顺利,未发生断丝。使用成品焊丝焊接钢件,钢件焊接区域各项性能满足协议要求,ER70S-G大线能量焊接用盘条试制取得成功。
采用FORMASTOR-FⅡ全自动相变仪测定ER70S-G大线能量焊接用盘条CCT曲线。先将试样以10 ℃/s的加热速度加热到1 090 ℃后保温10 min,以保证全部转变为奥氏体,然后再分别以0.05 ℃/s、0.1 ℃/s、0.2 ℃/s、0.3 ℃/s、0.4 ℃/s、0.5 ℃/s、1 ℃/s、2 ℃/s、5 ℃/s、20 ℃/s、50 ℃/s、182 ℃/s的恒定冷却速度将试样冷却至室温。ER70S-G的CCT曲线如图3所示,不同冷却速度下的金相组织如图4所示。由图3可知ER70S-G钢的各相变临界点分别为Ac1为728.4 ℃,Ac3为1 039.9 ℃,Ms为450 ℃。
图4可以看出,当冷却速度在1.0 ℃/s以下时,组织中铁素体居多,并伴有少量的珠光体,珠光体数量在0.5~3.0 ℃/s冷速之间不断下降,直至消失殆尽。在高于0.5 ℃/s的冷速下,组织中开始出现贝氏体,其数量随冷却速度的提高快速增加,一直保持着较高的水平,在冷却速度达到5 ℃/s后,得到的室温组织为铁素体和贝氏体。
由于ER70S-G盘条钛含量较高,连铸生产中,含钛的高熔点夹杂物会导致水口发生结瘤,使连浇性变差,同时,材料中的TiN还会严重影响材料拉拔和焊接性能,因此,生产ER70S-G盘条过程水口结瘤控制和夹杂物控制是一个重点。首钢通过控铝和控氮解决水口结瘤和TiN夹杂物的问题[4]。他们认为,水口结瘤物质90%是铝的化合物,钢水中Al2O3含量高是絮流的重要原因。钛铁是带入铝的主要源头,应使用低铝钛铁,铝含量控制在1%~2%。同时,还需要严格控氮,要特别关注全流程保护浇注,防止钢水出现二次氧化。全程进行吹氩气操作,保持微正压,减少吸气,降低氧、氮含量。除了要控氮外,还有一大部分TiN夹杂物是钛铁带进来的,所以生产中要尽量提前加钛铁,保证软吹时间,促使夹杂物充分上浮,喂钛线前软吹10 min,喂钛线后软吹25 min。喂钛线时使用喂丝机,要保证喂入深度,缩短加入时间。为保证浇注顺行,提高过热度控制范围,按照30~35 ℃控制。此外,要注意渣料、增碳剂、覆盖剂、合金等的正确使用。通过采取以上措施,生产的连浇性得到了保证,盘条中TiN夹杂物明显减少。
由于ER70S-G盘条中硅含量较高,盘条表面易附着Fe2SiO4,会影响后续拉拔和镀铜效果,需要适当提高加热温度,减少Fe2SiO4的产生。但高的加热温度又会增加锰的固溶强化作用,因此加热温度控制在1 070~1 130 ℃。
通过钢种的CCT曲线可以掌握该钢种奥氏体转变产物、转变温度与时间的关系,以及奥氏体化后不同冷却速度的转变开始和终了温度[5]。CCT曲线表明ER70S-G钢种在极低冷速下的组织为铁素体和珠光体,冷却速度越慢,钢材的强度越低,塑性越好,冷却速度要严格控制在1 ℃/s以下避免产生贝氏体组织,得到尽可能多的铁素体和珠光体组织。生产中斯太尔摩辊道采用延迟型冷却方式,盘条在保温罩内的冷速控制在1 ℃/s左右,盘条的拉拔性能比较稳定,得到了用户的认可。
(1)ER70S-G盘条生产工艺流程设计合理,成分控制范围合理,试制盘条各项性能符合设计目标,满足技术协议要求。
(2)ER70S-G盘条采取二火成材工艺,主要化学成分按中下限控制,采用低铝合金、增加软吹时间、减小过热度控制区间等工艺手段,降低了杂质、气体含量和连铸絮流风险,保证了钢质的纯净度。
(3)高线控冷工艺采取延迟型冷却方式,将盘条在斯太尔摩辊道保温罩内的冷却速度控制在1 ℃/s左右,成品金相组织为铁素体+珠光体+少量贝氏体,晶粒比较细小、均匀,保证了ER70S-G大线能量焊接用盘条的力学性能和拉拔性能。
(4)利用ER70S-G盘条加工成的焊丝和焊接钢件满足用户使用要求,产品质量得到了用户的肯定,为企业成功开发出具有一定市场的新产品,为包钢线材产品结构调整做出了贡献。
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2023年第49卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2023-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-12
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    1 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司长材厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司技术中心,内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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