Article(id=1198550347955401431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, articleNumber=1009-5438(2023)05-0026-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1677600000000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763686270941, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763686270941, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763686270941, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763686270941, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198550344985837722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, year='2023', volume='49', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='98', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763686270233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764231160152, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200835779015602648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, issueId=1198550344985837722, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198550348681016044, articleId=1198550347955401431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1185652524569653253, language=EN, title=Practices on Controlling Nitrogen Content in Converter Smelting of ER70S-6 Steel, columnId=1187100781414069182, journalTitle=Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, columnName=Production Practices and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The drawing speed of welding wire is seriously affected and fracture of welding wire is easy to happen due to high nitrogen content of the ER70S-6 welding wire steel so that user requirements cannot be met. In order to reduce the nitrogen content in steel, the technological process of converter steelmaking is studied systematically as well as the factors influencing nitrogen content in steel and control measures are discussed. In the paper, the dissolution mechanisms of nitrogen in steel are analyzed by thermodynamics, restricted links of nitrogen removal are analyzed and studied by dynamics as well as the influences of sulfur content in molten iron in furnace, slag charge in top of converter, times of spot blowing for converter and maintenance of tap hole of converter on nitrogen content and corresponding measures for controlling nitrogen content in the technological process of steelmaking are studied based on the thermodynamic analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis.

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针对ER70S-6焊丝钢中氮含量高严重影响焊丝的拉拔速度,易出现断丝现象,不能满足用户需求,为了降低钢中的氮含量,对转炉炼钢工艺过程进行了系统的研究,探讨影响钢中氮含量的因素和控制措施。文章通过热力学分析氮在钢中的溶解机理,通过动力学分析研究了氮脱除的限制性环节,基于热力学和动力学分析,研究了炼钢工艺过程中入炉铁水硫含量、转炉顶渣料、转炉点吹次数、转炉出钢口维护对氮含量的影响及相应控氮措施。

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张红强(1991-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事炼钢工作。

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张红强(1991-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事炼钢工作。

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张红强(1991-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事炼钢工作。

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钢种 C Mn Si P S N
ER70S-6 0.05~0.08 1.40~1.49 0.80~0.89 ≤0.020 0.06~0.20 ≤0.005 0
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ER70S-6钢主要化学成分(质量分数)%

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钢种 C Mn Si P S N
ER70S-6 0.05~0.08 1.40~1.49 0.80~0.89 ≤0.020 0.06~0.20 ≤0.005 0
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炉型 公称容量/t 底吹系统 底吹供气强度/(m3·min-1·t-1) 冶炼周期/min
顶底复吹 80 4支环缝式底吹枪 0.10 40
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80 t转炉主要工艺参数

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炉型 公称容量/t 底吹系统 底吹供气强度/(m3·min-1·t-1) 冶炼周期/min
顶底复吹 80 4支环缝式底吹枪 0.10 40
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铁的状态 1 2N2(g)⇌[N]
lg w [ N ] P N 2 / P θ ΔG/(J·mol-1)
α铁、δ铁 - 1575 T-1.01 30 168+19.35T
γ铁 450 T-1.955 -8 619+37.44T
液态铁 - 564 T-1.095 10 800+20.97T
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氮在不同晶体铁液中溶解反应的热力学数据

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铁的状态 1 2N2(g)⇌[N]
lg w [ N ] P N 2 / P θ ΔG/(J·mol-1)
α铁、δ铁 - 1575 T-1.01 30 168+19.35T
γ铁 450 T-1.955 -8 619+37.44T
液态铁 - 564 T-1.095 10 800+20.97T
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转炉冶炼ER70S-6钢种氮含量控制实践
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张红强 , 张顺 , 崔弘 , 曹瑞峰 , 张凯 , 高博
包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023,49(5): 26-29
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包钢科技 | 生产实践与管理 2023, 49(5): 26-29
转炉冶炼ER70S-6钢种氮含量控制实践
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张红强, 张顺, 崔弘, 曹瑞峰, 张凯, 高博
作者信息
  • 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 张红强(1991-),男,内蒙古包头市人,硕士,助理工程师,现从事炼钢工作。

Practices on Controlling Nitrogen Content in Converter Smelting of ER70S-6 Steel
Hong-qiang Zhang, Shun Zhang, Hong Cui, Rui-feng Cao, Kai Zhang, Bo Gao
Affiliations
  • Steel-making Plant of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25
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针对ER70S-6焊丝钢中氮含量高严重影响焊丝的拉拔速度,易出现断丝现象,不能满足用户需求,为了降低钢中的氮含量,对转炉炼钢工艺过程进行了系统的研究,探讨影响钢中氮含量的因素和控制措施。文章通过热力学分析氮在钢中的溶解机理,通过动力学分析研究了氮脱除的限制性环节,基于热力学和动力学分析,研究了炼钢工艺过程中入炉铁水硫含量、转炉顶渣料、转炉点吹次数、转炉出钢口维护对氮含量的影响及相应控氮措施。

脱氮动力学  /  脱氮热力学  /  增氮  /  氮含量

The drawing speed of welding wire is seriously affected and fracture of welding wire is easy to happen due to high nitrogen content of the ER70S-6 welding wire steel so that user requirements cannot be met. In order to reduce the nitrogen content in steel, the technological process of converter steelmaking is studied systematically as well as the factors influencing nitrogen content in steel and control measures are discussed. In the paper, the dissolution mechanisms of nitrogen in steel are analyzed by thermodynamics, restricted links of nitrogen removal are analyzed and studied by dynamics as well as the influences of sulfur content in molten iron in furnace, slag charge in top of converter, times of spot blowing for converter and maintenance of tap hole of converter on nitrogen content and corresponding measures for controlling nitrogen content in the technological process of steelmaking are studied based on the thermodynamic analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis.

denitrification dynamics  /  denitrification thermodynamics  /  nitrogen pickup  /  nitrogen content
张红强, 张顺, 崔弘, 曹瑞峰, 张凯, 高博. 转炉冶炼ER70S-6钢种氮含量控制实践. 包钢科技, 2023 , 49 (5) : 26 -29 .
Hong-qiang Zhang, Shun Zhang, Hong Cui, Rui-feng Cao, Kai Zhang, Bo Gao. Practices on Controlling Nitrogen Content in Converter Smelting of ER70S-6 Steel[J]. Science & Technology of Baotou Steel, 2023 , 49 (5) : 26 -29 .
面对我国钢铁工业经济形势复杂多变,钢铁、稀土市场急剧下行的现状,降低生产成本,提高产品质量已成为钢铁厂提高竞争力的必然趋势。钢中氮含量的增加对钢材的性能有显著的影响,当钢中氮含量升高时,钢材的强度和硬度上升,钢材的塑性、韧性、冷弯性能显著降低,时效倾向增加,影响钢材的质量[1-2]。对于ER70S-6焊丝钢,钢中氮含量升高严重影响焊丝的拉拔速度,易出现断丝现象,不能满足用户需求。
为了满足客户需求,降低钢中氮含量,包钢炼钢厂对炼钢工艺采取了一系列的控氮措施,如炉外精炼采用真空脱气、微正压操作等方法进行脱气处理,铸机采用中间包氩气置换、中间包内加入覆盖剂、侵入式水口使用密封阀等技术[3]。本文主要对转炉炼钢工艺进行研究,通过热力学分析,确定含氮气体在钢中的溶解形式,溶解反应进行的可能性、方向和限度,并对其进行动力学分析,揭示有害气体氮脱除的限制性环节,为实际生产提高脱氮率、优化炼钢生产工艺过程、降低成本提供一定的理论依据。
包钢炼钢厂制钢一部现有2座铁水预处理工位、3座80 t顶底复吹转炉、2座LF精炼站、2台连铸机生产线,生产的ER70S-6冷轧料的工艺流程为铁水预处理→80 t顶底复吹转炉冶炼→LF精炼→连铸,ER70S-6钢的主要化学成分如表1所示,转炉的工艺参数如表2所示。
为了探究炼钢过程中氮元素在钢中的溶解机理及反应进行的热力学条件,对脱氮反应进行热力学分析。氮溶解反应服从西华特定律,即在一定温度下,气体的溶解度与该气体在气相中分压的平方根成正比,溶解反应如式(1)、式(2)所示[4]
1 2N2(g)⇌[N]
w[N]= K N 2 P N 2 / P
式中:w[N]为氮在铁液中的溶解度; K N 2为反应(1)式的平衡常数; P N 2为与钢液中的氮平衡气相中氮分压。
氮在铁液中溶解反应热力学数据见表3。由表3可知,氮在钢中的溶解度受温度和气相中该气体的分压影响。通过热力学分析可知,氮在钢液中的溶解是吸热反应,故温度高有利于反应进行,增加氮在钢中的溶解度,因此在炼钢中严格控制过程温度,避免高温出钢。由式(2)可知,气相中氮分压越高,气体在钢中的溶解度越大。
热力学分析确定了氮在钢液中的溶解机理及反应进行的热力学条件,为了进一步提高脱氮反应速率,确定脱氮反应的限制性环节,对脱氮反应动力学规律进行了分析,揭示脱氮反应的限制性环节,为实际生产提高脱氮率、优化炼钢工艺指标提供理论依据。
脱气反应一般有如下三个环节:①由液相向气-液界面的传质;②在气-液界面的化学反应;③由气-液界面向气相的传质。在炼钢吹炼过程中,熔池内反应温度高,因此各反应的反应速率很大,气相中的分压很低,因此气-液界面向气相的传质推动力很大,那么脱氮反应的限制性环节为由液相向气-液界面的传质环节。
为了能够有效提高脱氮的传质效果,必须加强熔池搅拌强度,增加反应的界面积,提高传质速率。在转炉冶炼过程中,脱碳反应生成的CO气体在上浮过程中对熔池有很强的搅拌作用,同时CO有较好的脱气作用,在CO气泡中氮的分压接近于零,相当于真空,在气-液界面发生反应[N]⇌N2,有利于气体排出,因此吹炼中期要避免返干现象发生,加强搅拌提高传质系数。同时对于顶底复吹转炉而言,提高底吹强度,加强熔池搅拌,有利于提高脱氮率。
图1为精炼不同脱硫率下增氮量。由图1可知,随着钢中脱硫率从0.018%增加到0.062%,钢水中氮含量由0.000 9%增加到0.003 0%。主要原因为精炼脱硫的条件为高温、高碱度、大渣量、低氧化性。然而氧作为表面活性元素降低的同时,钢液抑制吸氮的作用降低,在大氩气流量搅拌作用下,钢液裸露面增加,增加了空气中的氮向钢液的传质系数,钢液氮含量增加,因此铁水在经过预处理时必须进行深度脱硫,保证入炉铁水硫含量在0.015%以下。同时为了降低精炼工序造渣脱硫过程吸氮,有效的方法是提前造渣,因此转炉在出钢过程中带入白灰200~300 kg,在出钢脱氧合金化过程造渣脱硫,降低LF精炼进站钢中硫含量,在固定的精炼时间内,增加了脱硫时间。
图2为转炉一次拉碳与点吹后钢中氮含量变化情况。由图2可知,转炉一次拉碳钢液氮含量平均为0.001 7%,而点吹后钢液氮含量平均达到了0.002 7%,可见点吹后钢中氮含量较高。
主要原因为转炉吹炼终点进行点吹时,由于钢中碳含量较低,点吹过程中生成的CO较少,钢液中的炉渣泡沫化程度低,钢液暴露在空气中,增加了钢水与空气的接触面积,钢液吸氮量增加。因此在冶炼ER70S-6钢时,要提高一次拉碳比率。如果因为温度和成分不合进行补吹时可以将底吹模式供气强度提高,以抑制CO气泡不足而产生的增氮现象。
转炉氮含量与转炉出钢口次数关系如图3所示。由图3可知,当出钢口次数为50~80时,钢中氮含量最低,平均为0.001 5%。
氮含量增加主要原因为出钢过程增加了钢液与空气的接触面积,导致钢液增氮加剧,出钢口次数小出钢时间长,钢水与空气接触时间长,钢液吸氮量增加,出钢口次数大,钢水与空气的接触面大,导致钢液增氮加剧,因此冶炼ER70S-6钢时选用出钢口次数小于150次。同时出钢结束要检查出钢口形状,避免出钢口内壁有高熔点渣料,下一炉出钢时出现钢流散流、不圆整现象,增加了钢液与空气的接触,使钢中氮含量增加。转炉吹炼终点出钢时,加入200~300 kg白云石进行稠渣作业,使钢水表面有一定的渣层,避免因渣层厚度不足,在出钢过程中出现钢液裸露,钢液吸收空气中的氮,使得氮含量增加。
(1)通过热力学分析可知,氮在钢液中的溶解是吸热反应,炼钢中严格控制过程温度,尽量避免高温出钢。
(2)动力学分析可知,加强熔池搅拌提高传质系数,有利于提高脱氮率。
(3)优化转炉工艺、降低转炉入炉铁水硫含量、减少点吹次数、提高一次拉碳比例、维护好出钢口,出钢过程加入造渣料等措施能有效降低钢水中的氮含量。
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2023年第49卷第5期
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  • 接收时间:2023-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-10-25
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    内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司炼钢厂,内蒙古 包头 014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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